拉帕替尼通过激活p38MAPK信号通路促进NB4细胞凋亡

该文探讨了拉帕替尼对急性早幼粒细胞白血病NB4细胞增殖和凋亡的影响及相关分子机制。用p38MAPK抑制剂和不同浓度的拉帕替尼处理NB4细胞24 h,CCK-8(cell counting kit-8)实验检测细胞增殖,FITC-Annexin V/PI双染色法检测细胞凋亡,光学显微镜和Hoechst 33258染色观察细胞形态,Western blot检测Bcl-2(B cell leukemia-2)、Bax(Bcl-2 associated X protein)、caspase-3、PARP(poly-ADP-ribose polymerase)、PML-RARα(promyelocytic leukemia-retinoic acid receptor alpha)、p38MAPK(p38 mitongen-activated protein kinase)和p-p38MAPK(phosphorylated p38 mitongen-activated protein kinase)等蛋白质水平。结果显示,随着拉帕替尼药物浓度的增加,细胞增殖率显著降低,细胞凋亡数量明显增加,Hoechst 33258染色可见染色质浓缩、碎裂等凋亡现象。同时,拉帕替尼能降低Bcl-2和PML-RARα蛋白质水平,增加Bax、cleaved caspase-3、cleaved PARP和p-p38MAPK等蛋白质水平。用p38MAPK抑制剂预处理后,细胞增殖率升高,凋亡率降低,p-p38MAPK、Bax、cleaved caspase-3和cleaved PARP等蛋白质水平降低。该文结果提示,拉帕替尼能够抑制NB4细胞增殖并促进细胞凋亡,并且p38MAPK信号通路可能参与这些过程。     

应用原代软骨细胞与SW1353软骨肉瘤细胞系建立体外骨关节炎模型的效果评价

目的通过比较白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)处理对原代软骨细胞与SW1353软骨肉瘤细胞系增殖活力、炎症因子与炎症通路表达水平变化的影响,为骨关节炎体外研究用细胞提供多重选择。方法免疫细胞化学法与甲苯胺蓝染色分别检测细胞中Ⅱ型胶原与蛋白多糖,鉴定所培养的原代细胞是否为软骨细胞。CCK-8法检测IL-1β(10ng/ml)处理24h、48h、72h对原代软骨细胞增殖活力的影响,IL-1β(1、10、20、40ng/ml)处理24h对SW1353软骨肉瘤细胞系增殖活力的影响。IL-1β(10ng/ml)分别处理原代软骨细胞与SW1353软骨肉瘤细胞系细胞24h后,ELISA法检测细胞培养上清中白细胞介素6(interleukin-6,IL-6)与基质金属蛋白酶-13(matrix metalloproteinase-13,MMP-13)的表达水平。Real-time PCR法检测核因子-κB(nuclear factor-κB,NF-κB)mRNA表达水平。结果所培养的原代细胞为原代软骨细胞。IL-1β(10ng/ml)处理可显著抑制原代软骨细胞增殖活力,但IL-1β(1、10、20、40 ng/ml)处理对SW1353软骨肉瘤细胞系增殖活力无明显影响。IL-1β(10ng/ml)处理可使IL-6、MMP-13表达水平及NF-κB mRNA的表达量均显著增加。结论IL-1β作用下原代软骨细胞与SW1353软骨肉瘤细胞系均可表现出骨关节炎样炎症反应,二者均可用于骨关节炎的体外实验研究。     

柚皮苷对骨关节炎软骨破坏的保护作用研究

目的:考察柚皮苷对骨关节炎软骨破坏的保护作用。方法:将60只7周龄雄性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组和柚皮苷组,每组20只。模型组和柚皮苷组大鼠通过切断右膝关节的前交叉韧带建立骨关节炎模型,建模后,柚皮苷组大鼠每天灌胃200mg/kg的柚皮苷溶液,共灌胃4周。通过番红O/固绿染色和OARSI评分评估大鼠的关节软骨损伤程度。通过免疫组织化学染色检测软骨组织中p-IκBα和NLRP3的表达。通过用IL-1β体外诱导SW1353细胞来模拟骨关节炎软骨细胞的病理微环境,并分别应用NF-κB抑制剂(PDTC)或NLRP3抑制剂(CY-09)处理SW1353细胞。通过RT-PCR和Western blot检测细胞中NF-κB、NLRP3、caspase-1、IL-6、IL-10、IL-18、MMP13和ADAMTS-5的表达。通过Annexin V-FITC/PI法检测细胞凋亡。结果:与模型组相比,柚皮苷组的OARSI评分显著降低(2.63 vs 0.94,P0.05)。柚皮苷组的p-IκBα和NLRP3蛋白表达水平显著低于模型组(P0.05)。与IL-1β组相比,IL-1β+柚皮苷组的SW1353细胞中NF-κB、NLRP3、caspase-1、IL-6、IL-18、MMP13和ADAMTS-5的表达水平均显著降低,而IL-10显著升高(P0.05)。PDTC和CY-09对NF-κB和NLRP3信号通路相关分子的调控作用与柚皮苷一致。与IL-1β组相比,IL-1β+柚皮苷组、IL-1β+PDTC组和IL-1β+CY-09组的细胞凋亡率均显著降低(P0.05)。结论:柚皮苷可在体内和体外抑制骨关节炎的进展,柚皮苷对骨关节炎的治疗作用部分依赖于对NF-κB和NLRP3信号通路的抑制。     

α-倒捻子素通过激活ROS/p38 MAPK/Bax级联反应诱导B淋巴瘤Ramos细胞凋亡的机制研究CSCD

本文以B淋巴瘤Ramos细胞为研究对象,探讨α-倒捻子素(α-mangostin,α-Ma)对B淋巴瘤的增殖抑制作用并初步阐释其分子机制。首先通过CCK-8法探究α-Ma对Ramos细胞的增殖抑制作用;再利用倒置显微镜成像法观察α-Ma对Ramos细胞形态的影响;随后利用DCFH-DA、JC-1、Annexin V-FITC/PI荧光染色和流式细胞术检测α-Ma对Ramos细胞活性氧水平、线粒体膜电位、凋亡的影响;并通过蛋白免疫印迹技术测定α-Ma作用Ramos后细胞凋亡相关蛋白及信号通路蛋白的表达情况。CCK-8分析结果显示,α-Ma以药物浓度依赖和时间依赖的方式抑制Ramos细胞增殖,其24 h和48 h的IC值分别为14.84μmol/L和8.087μmol/L;倒置显微镜成像法发现α-Ma能减少Ramos细胞数量并诱导细胞形态发生凋亡样改变;流式细胞术检测发现,α-Ma能增加Ramos细胞内活性氧水平、降低细胞线粒体膜电位,同时诱导细胞凋亡;蛋白免疫印迹结果显示,α-Ma下调caspase-3/9的表达,上调cleaved caspase-3/9、cleaved PARP、Bax、Bim和p-p38 MAPK的表达。综上所述,α-Ma对B淋巴瘤Ramos细胞具有增殖抑制作用,其可能机制是α-Ma活化ROS/p38 MAPK/Bax级联反应诱导B淋巴瘤细胞凋亡。     

齐墩果酸抑制肿瘤坏死因子-α诱导的成纤维细胞样滑膜细胞炎症因子表达及其机制研究

探讨齐墩果酸(Oleanolic acid,OA)对肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)诱导成纤维细胞样滑膜细胞的炎症因子表达的影响及其机制。首先复苏培养人成纤维细胞样滑膜细胞(FLS),通过RT-PCR检测细胞IL-6及IL-1βmRNA表达,采用Western blot方法检测p38MAPK及NF-κB蛋白表达变化,通过ELISA法检测细胞上清液中IL-6及IL-1β浓度。与对照组比较,TNF-α明显诱导FLS细胞IL-6及IL-1βmRNA的表达及上清液中IL-6及IL-1β的分泌(P0.05),同时磷酸化p38蛋白和核NF-κB明显增加(P0.05),且p38MAPK阻断剂SB203580能抑制TNF-α诱导的核NF-κB增加。OA呈浓度依赖性抑制TNF-α诱导的FLS细胞p38蛋白磷酸化和核NF-κB增加(P0.05)。且OA、p38MAPK通路抑制剂SB203580或NF-κB阻断剂BAY 11-7082均能抑制TNF-α诱导的IL-6及IL-1β分泌增加(P0.05)。综上所述,OA能抑制TNF-α诱导的FLS细胞炎症因子IL-6及IL-1β的产生,其机制可能与抑制p38MAPK/NF-κB信号通路有关。     

IL-6通过Sirt1/p53/caspase-3通路介导胰岛β细胞凋亡

目的 探讨炎性因子IL-6是否通过Sirt1/p53/caspase-3通路介导胰岛β细胞凋亡.方法 Western 印迹检测Sirt1在小鼠各组织器官和胰岛β细胞系NIT-1细胞中的表达,免疫荧光法检测Sirt1在细胞中的定位.IL-6（10 ng/ml）处理NIT-1细胞48 h,Hoechst3334染色及流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡,Western印迹检测细胞内Sirt1、P53、乙酰化P53（acety-P53）、caspase-3和cleaved caspase-3的水平变化.结果 Sirt1在小鼠各组织器官和胰岛β细胞中均有表达,主要定位于细胞核.IL-6处理NIT-1细胞后,伴随Sirt1表达的显著减少,acety-P53明显上调,p53/caspase-3通路活化,NIT-1细胞凋亡增加.结论 IL-6通过下调Sirt1进而激活p53/caspase-3信号通路引起胰岛β细胞凋亡.     

藁本内酯衍生物抑制大鼠软骨细胞凋亡和炎症的作用及机制

该研究探究藁本内酯衍生物(LIGc)对IL-1β(10 ng/mL)诱导大鼠软骨细胞凋亡和炎症的作用及机制。将大鼠软骨细胞分为Control组、IL-1β组及LIGc高、中、低剂量组。除Control组外,其余组均采用IL-1β诱导建立软骨细胞炎症模型, LIGc高、中、低剂量组分别加入0.4、0.2、0.1μmol/mL的LIGc干预24 h。CCK-8检测LIGc对大鼠软骨细胞活性的影响; Hoechst 33258染色观察大鼠软骨细胞凋亡情况; Western blot检测细胞中Bcl-2、Caspase-3、TLR4、NF-κB p65蛋白表达情况; RTq PCR检测COX-2、HMGB1 mRNA的表达水平。研究发现不同浓度LIGc对大鼠软骨细胞的存活率无显著影响;与Control组相比, IL-1β组细胞凋亡水平明显升高; Caspase-3蛋白表达水平显著升高(P<0.01), Bcl-2蛋白表达水平显著降低(P<0.01)。COX-2、HMGB1 mRNA表达水平均显著升高(P<0.01); TLR4、NF-κB p65蛋白表达水平显著升高(P<...     

α1, 2-岩藻糖转移酶基因转导对人卵巢癌细胞RMG-I p38MAPK信号通路介导的凋亡的影响

以α1,2-岩藻糖转移酶基因转染前后卵巢癌细胞RMG-I、RMG-I-H为细胞模型,用细胞免疫荧光方法检测转染前后细胞p38MAPK和p-p38MAPK的细胞内定位,RT-PCR和Western blot方法从mRNA和蛋白质两个水平检测转染前后细胞p38MAPK表达的变化;以兔抗人IgG抗体处理组为对照,分别利用RT-PCR和Western blot方法检测Lewisy单克隆抗体处理前后RMG-I-H细胞p38MAPK mRNA和蛋白质表达水平的变化;以0.1%DMSO为对照,用流式细胞仪(FCM)检测p38MAPK特异性抑制剂SB203580处理后RMG-I-H凋亡比率的变化,并利用RT-PCR和Western blot方法检测caspase-3的mRNA和蛋白质水平的变化;用RT-PCR方法检测卡铂和SB203580处理后p38MAPK及caspase-3表达的变化.结果表明,RMG-I与RMG-I-H的p38MAPK蛋白主要定位在细胞质,p-p38MAPK蛋白定位在细胞核,转染后p38MAPK的mRNA水平明显高于转染前(P<0.05);Lewisy单克隆抗体处理后RMG-I-H细胞p38MAPK m...     

间歇性低压低氧预处理对脑缺血大鼠海马p-p38 MAPK表达的影响

目的:本文旨在观察间歇性低压低氧(IH)预处理诱导脑缺血耐受过程中,大鼠海马CA1区磷酸化p38MAPK(p-p38 MAPK)的表达以及表达p-p38 MAPK的星形胶质细胞数量。方法:将30只健康雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为6组(n=5):假手术(sham)0 min组、IH+sham 0 min组、sham 7 d组、IH+sham 7 d组、损伤性缺血(Is)7 d组、IH+Is 7 d组。通过硫堇染色对各组大鼠海马CA1区锥体神经元进行神经病理学评价;免疫组织化学染色观察pp38 MAPK的表达;免疫荧光双标法观察表达p-p38 MAPK的星形胶质细胞数量。结果:IH预处理可以诱导脑缺血耐受,同时引起大鼠海马CA1区p-p38 MAPK的表达明显增加,且上调星形胶质细胞中p-p38 MAPK的表达。结论:低压低氧预处理促大鼠海马CA1区锥体神经元和星形胶质细胞中p-p38MAPK上调可能是IH预处理保护脑的一个途经。     

聚己内酯/柚皮素纳米纤维膜对白介素1β诱导的体外骨关节炎的作用研究

目的探讨聚己内酯(PCL)/柚皮素纳米纤维膜对白介素1β(IL-1β)诱导SD大鼠软骨细胞退行性变修复作用。方法使用静电纺丝技术分别制作PCL纳米纤维膜,PCL/柚皮素纳米纤维膜,使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察纳米纤维膜的表征。提取3～5 d的SD大鼠软骨细胞,分为空白对照组、骨关节炎(OA)组、骨关节炎加PCL(OA+PCL)组、骨关节炎加PCL/柚皮素(OA+PCL/柚皮素)组,分别处理24 h后进行CCK-8实验检测各组SD大鼠软骨细胞的增殖情况,并进行活/死细胞染色,观察各组SD大鼠软骨细胞的毒性。提取各组SD大鼠软骨细胞的总RNA,使用qRT-PCR检测炎症及软骨标志基因的表达。结果与OA组相比,PCL/柚皮素纳米纤维膜组大鼠的细胞活性较高,细胞数量明显增多,炎症标志基因表达明显降低,软骨标志基因表达明显增高(均P0.05)。结论 PCL/柚皮素能降低IL-1β诱导的SD大鼠体外骨关节炎症标志基因的表达,对SD大鼠关节炎有一定治疗作用,且能上调关节炎细胞中软骨标志基因COL2a1的表达。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.