温度对白斑隐蛛个体发育和生殖行为的影响

白斑隐蛛在湖北省以成蛛和幼蛛混合群体越冬,全年可完成3代。3代平均发育历期:雌蛛分别为69.13d、71.80d和76.40d,雄蛛为67.30d、61.39d和69.45d。成蛛寿命一般70～90d,其寿命长短与温度呈负相关。发育起点温度、胚胎期为15.88℃;雌蛛全幼蛛期为13.71℃,雄蛛为14.51℃;全世代为13.69℃。有效积温、胚胎期为128.60日度;雌蛛的全幼蛛期为654.21日度,雄蛛全幼蛛期为655.87日度;全世代为818.67日度。抗高温能力较强,胚胎的最适温度是37℃;幼蛛期是35℃。25～30℃为产卵率最高温区。产卵袋最适温区是20℃～35℃之间,其中以30℃产卵袋数最多。产卵间隔在20℃～35℃温区内,与温度呈负相关。在15℃～35℃温区内,温度对卵袋含卵量影响不大,但超过35℃就显著减少。20℃～30℃为单雌产卵量最高温区,高温(35℃以上)可出现无效卵袋。在正常情况下,卵的孵化率达90％以上。     

星豹蛛生活史的初步观察

据室内观察,星豹蛛在安徽省芜湖市(12.7—29.8℃)一年发生不完全的二代,以若蛛和成蛛越冬。雌蛛一生只交配一次,多次产卵。越冬代雌蛛平均产卵囊2.4个,每个卵囊平均具卵52粒;第一代雌蛛平均产卵囊2.2个,每个卵囊平均具卵39粒。卵粒孵化率最低为65％,最高达100％。从若蛛发育至成蛛,一般蜕皮5—6次,少为7次,雌雄性比为1.5:1,成蛛平均寿命为133.2天。     

纵条绳狮的生物学研究

纵条蝇狮Marpissa magister(Karsch,1879)在湖北省武汉市以幼蛛、亚成蛛和成蛛混合群体于11月下旬在杂草根下部越冬,翌年3月下旬至4月中旬出蜇活动.5月下旬至6月上旬越冬蜘蛛开始产卵,在该地区全年可发生1.5代.雌蛛1生可产2～4个卵袋,单雌平均产卵量为250粒左右,孵化率97%以上.该蛛生长发育的最适温区是25℃～35℃.     

前齿肖蛸的生活史

前齿肖蛸(Tetragnatha praedonia)在湖北省武汉地区一年可发生五代,以低龄幼蛛在杂草丛中越冬。雌蛛一生最多可产5个卵袋,单雌平均产卵量第一代为155.43粒,第二代260.20粒,第三代213.01粒,第四代62.50粒。卵的孵化率各代均在88％以上。各代幼蛛期、产卵前期、全代历期以及成蛛寿命均不相同。能捕食蚊子以及棉田和稻田的多种害虫。     

芦苇卷叶蛛生物学特性的研究

芦苇卷叶蛛在山东青州一年可发生２－３代，以若蛛，成蛛越冬，若蛛经４－５次蜕皮发育为成蛛。雌，雄可多次交配，雌蛛一生可产卵囊３－５个，单雌产卵量平均４１．６粒，孵化率为８７％。世代平均历期１２８．３５天，寿命２３０天左右，♀：♂＝１．３６：１。耐饥力的大小与温度高低，有无水分供应及发育阶段有关，在相同条件下，成蛛的耐饥力在于幼蛛，温度高耐饥力弱，反之，则强。     

温度对三突花蛛个体发育和生殖行为的影响

本研究结果表明:(1)三突花蛛(Misumenops tricuspidatus)的卵在35℃恒温条件下不能孵化。(2)在15°-32℃恒温条件下随温度升高历期逐渐缩短,脱皮次数也随之减少,以25°-30℃恒温条件下幼蛛的存活率较高;同一温度梯度下雄蛛的平均历期均短于雌蛛。(3)在28℃恒温条件下产卵率为最高,产卵量最高;25℃下孵化率最高,30℃下生育力最强。(4)三突花蛛在繁殖力上具有种的稳定性。     

温度对蜘蛛繁殖力和实验种群的影响

从我国常见10科18种蜘蛛的温度实验数据中,找出温度对蜘蛛繁殖和实验种群增长影响的一般规律和不同种类蜘蛛繁殖的最佳温度。根据实验可以看出：大多数蜂蛛在1－35℃温区内均可产卵和孵化;由于蜘蛛种类不同,雌蛛产卵袋数最多、卵袋内含卵量最高、产卵间隔时间最短、产卵率最高、单雌产卵量最多、孵化率最高和种群增长指数最大的最适温度也表现出差异;大多数种类雌蛛产卵袋数最多的温区是25－32℃;产卵间隔最短的温区是30－37℃;产卵率最高的温区是25－32℃;孵化率最高的温区在25℃左右;种群数量增长最多的温区是25－29℃。温度与蜘蛛繁殖力的关系可以用曲线方程和数学模型表示。     

真水狼蛛的生物学和田间种群动态研究

真水狼蛛在湖北武汉1a发生3个不完整的世代,以第2代历期最短,第3代(越冬代)历期最长。主要以亚成蛛越冬。雌、雄均可多次交配。真水狼蛛1生最多可产4个卵袋,平均2.8个,含卵量较大(平均90粒)。雌蛛有较强的护卵、护幼习性。卵的孵化率较高,平均孵化率为91.36％。真水狼蛛共蜕皮6次,有7个龄期。性比各个世代均为雌蛛多于雄蛛。真水狼蛛捕食叶蝉、飞虱等多种水稻害虫,捕食量与龄期、蜕皮和性别有关。真水狼蛛在6月5日左右开始由田埂向稻田内迁移,1a有2个发生高蜂,分析了影响真水狼蛛种群动态因素。     

迷宫漏斗蛛生物学特性研究

迷宫漏斗蛛(AgelenalabyrinthicaClerck,1758)在湖北武汉地区每年发生一代。以卵越冬,卵期长达152.00天;幼蛛期148.14天;成蛛寿命雌蛛84.00天,雄蛛38.60天。雌蛛一生最多可产3个卵袋,单头雌蛛最高产卵量244粒。卵的平均孵化率为92.82%。     

温度对细毛水狼蛛个体发育和繁殖力的影响

本研究结果证明:(1)细毛水狼蛛(Pirata tenuisetae)的卵粒在15℃恒温条件下,不能孵化;(2)在20—32℃恒温条件下随着温度升高历期逐渐缩短;其中以25—30℃恒温条件下幼蛛的成活率较高。在同一温度梯度下雄蛛的历期均短于雌蛛;(3)在28—32℃恒温条件下产卵率为最高,产卵量最大,25—30℃时孵化率最高;(4)母蛛携带卵袋的时间随着温度的升高而缩短,在35℃条件下,有取食自产卵粒习性。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.