海湾扇贝血细胞的表面结构及超微结构

通过光镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜的观察对海湾扇贝血细胞的形态、表面结构及超微结构进行了研究。根据细胞的大小、形态结构可将血细胞分成四种类型:Ⅰ型小透明细胞,大小约(2·38±0·08)μm,约占比例30%-35%;Ⅰ型大透明细胞,大小约(4·41±0·33)μm,约占比例15%-25%;Ⅱ型小颗粒细胞,大小约(4·15±0·26)μm,约占比例20%-25%;Ⅱ型大颗粒细胞,大小约(8·26±0·52)μm,约占比例25%-30%。血细胞在血淋巴中的平均密度为(3·75±0·65)×107cell/ml。其中Ⅰ型透明细胞占55·3%,Ⅱ型颗粒细胞占44·7%。表面结构观察结果显示有5种形态:圆形血细胞,梨形或梭形血细胞,松果形血细胞,阿米巴样细胞,大型细胞,表面结构与功能密切相关。透射电镜观察结果表明血细胞主要归属于两大类型:Ⅰ型透明细胞和Ⅱ型颗粒细胞。超微结构显示颗粒细胞的细胞质颗粒可区分成三种类型:Ⅰ型高电子密度颗粒,Ⅱ型低电子密度颗粒和Ⅲ型中等电子密度颗粒,并推测Ⅰ型高电子密度颗粒是细胞吞噬的异物(微生物等)或细胞内的废物(沉积颗粒,衰老的胞器或碎片);Ⅱ型低电子密度颗粒是溶酶体类的胞内分泌颗粒,来源于高尔基复合体或内质网;Ⅲ型中等电子密度颗粒可能是次级溶酶体,由Ⅰ型颗粒向Ⅱ型颗粒融合并注入裂解酶类而形成[动物学报51(3):486-494,2005]。     

栉孔扇贝血细胞的形态和功能研究

栉孔扇贝Chlamys farreri血细胞可分为三大类:非颗粒细胞(约34.75%)、颗粒细胞(约61.25%)和桑葚胚样细胞.非颗粒细胞可进一步分为透明细胞和成血细胞;颗粒细胞可分为嗜中性、嗜碱性和嗜酸性颗粒细胞.颗粒细胞能够吞噬酵母菌,其中嗜中性颗粒细胞吞噬能力最强.     

用流式细胞仪测定扇贝血细胞吞噬活性

采用流式细胞仪技术对栉孔扇贝(Chlamysfarreri)和海湾扇贝(Argopectenirradians)血细胞吞噬活性进行了测定。通过对缓冲体系的筛选和比较,建立了扇贝血细胞吞噬活性的流式细胞仪检测方法,并应用该技术对两种扇贝血细胞的吞噬活性进行了比较研究。结果发现在TBS(0.05mol.L-1Tris-HCl,pH7.4;2%glucose;2%NaCl;20mmol.L-1EDTA)和PBS体系中,扇贝血细胞的吞噬活性几乎完全受到抑制,在CMPBS(0.1mol.L-1PBS,pH7.4;2%NaCl;2%glucose;1.0mmol.L-1CaCl2;0.5mmol.L-1MgCl2)体系中细胞吞噬活性略有升高,而在海水缓冲液中细胞吞噬活性最高,其中海湾扇贝和栉孔扇贝血细胞的吞噬率分别达到了26.73%和19.89%,且海湾扇贝血细胞的吞噬率显著高于栉孔扇贝(P<0.05)。研究结果为进一步探讨扇贝血细胞吞噬功能提供了方法依据。     

流式细胞术结合组织学方法对柄海鞘血细胞的分类

用流式细胞术研究柄海鞘(Styela clava)血细胞的分类,依据细胞大小及颗粒的复杂程度将血细胞分为5类:即类群R1-R5,各类群分别占血细胞总数的37.15%4±1.01%、15.85%4±2.91%、16.15%4±1.58%、23.65%±3.05%、5.87%±0.31%,上机血样品的密度约106个/ml.组织学方法依据细胞大小、所含颗粒的情况及细胞的染色特征将血细胞分为5类:成血细胞、透明细胞、嗜碱性颗粒细胞、嗜酸性颗粒细胞及吞噬细胞.对两种方法各自所分5类细胞的对应关系进行了讨论.     

长毛对虾血细胞与血淋巴液的生化特性初步研究

长毛对虾(Fenneropenaeus penicillatus)是我国东南沿海一带一种主要的水产经济动物.为了解其血淋巴液的基本特性,借助显微观察、生化实验等方法对长毛对虾的血细胞和血浆的细胞化学特征进行了初步研究.结果表明,长毛对虾血细胞密度为(0.43±0.11)×107个/ml;可明显分无颗粒细胞:长径(9.7±1.4)μm、短径(5.8±0.8)μm,占细胞总数的16.2%±1.8%;大颗粒细胞:长径(11.3±1.3)μm、短径(6.7±1.7)μm,占细胞总数的46.6%±3.2%;小颗粒细胞:长径(7.1±0.4)μm、短径(5.4±0.4)μm,占细胞总数的35.7%±4.5%.在16～18℃下,60 min的反应时间内,血细胞对金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcusaureus)菌体细胞悬液(106～107个/ml)的吞噬率为67%±5%.长毛对虾血浆蛋白浓度为11.78 mg/ml,对3%的鸡血红细胞悬液的溶血相对活性为2.6,对5%的鸡血红细胞悬液的凝集效价为15～18.血浆平板抑菌实验表明,长毛对虾血浆对金黄色葡萄球菌有明显的抗菌效果,抑菌圈大小为(10±1)mm,对大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)的抑菌圈大小为(6±2)mm.本工作为长毛对虾血浆中诸多活性多肽的后续研究奠定了基础.     

罗氏沼虾与克氏原螯虾血细胞的比较研究

对罗氏沼虾与克氏原螫虾血细胞的分类与组成进行了染色观察比较研究。根据染色后光镜下血细胞的核质比、颗粒的大小和数量等来对血细胞进行分类,罗氏沼虾与克氏原螯虾的血细胞均可分为透明细胞、半颗粒细胞和颗粒细胞三类;其血细胞浓度分别为1.02±0.21×10⁷ Ind·ml^-1和0.85±0.15×10⁷Ind·ml^-1。2种虾血细胞的颗粒形态存在显著差异;透明细胞、半颗粒细胞和颗粒细胞占血细胞总量的百分比在罗氏沼虾为21.3±6.3%,45.7±2.5%,33.0±6.8%:在克氏原螯虾为12.0±5.8%、49.5±5.1%和38.5±9.5%。     

池蝶蚌(贝)血细胞显微观察

本文对池蝶蚌血细胞的形态结构及其动态变化进行了研究。根据血细胞形态、大小和密度等特征,把血细胞分为六类：颗粒细胞、透明细胞、浆液细胞、类淋巴细胞、梭形细胞和血栓细胞;并对各种血细胞显微结构予以描述,统计了血细胞胞体大小、细胞核大小、核质比、密度及所占比例,其中颗粒细胞所占比例最大,透明细胞次之,类淋巴细胞最少,颗粒细胞和透明细胞是两种主要的细胞类型,约占总数的82%,担负着最基本的代谢和免疫功能;通过对池蝶蚌血细胞形态的连续观察,发现血细胞存在形态变化现象,推测细胞间可能存在相互转化的情况。     

四种对虾血细胞组成及超微结构

本文应用电镜超薄切片技术,对中国对虾,日本对虾,长毛对虾和草虾的血细胞进行超微结构的研究,根据血细胞形态,超微结构特点,特别是胞质中特征性颗粒的大小和内部结构,区分为四类：１．透明细胞,其胞质不含特征性颗粒,具有较强的吞噬能力;２．小颗粒细胞,其胞质含有高电子密度的小圆形颗粒和条纹状大颗粒,在对虾防御反应中起着关键性作用;３．大颗粒细胞,其胞质中含有高电子密度的均质大颗粒,在宿主防御反应中起着细胞     

栉孔扇贝血细胞吞噬和包囊化作用实验方法的改进

为了建立一种快速、准确观察血细胞吞噬和包囊化作用的实验方法,通过抽取栉孔扇贝(Chlamysfarreri)血淋巴,与杆菌或茶花花粉作用30 min,制片,吖啶橙染色,用荧光显微镜观察吞噬或包囊化现象。结果表明,在荧光显微镜下可以明显看到扇贝血细胞呈现绿色,杆菌和茶花花粉呈现红色,两者颜色反差大,易于观察和计数。是研究血细胞吞噬和包囊化作用一种效果更好的实验方法。     

贝类血细胞及其免疫功能研究进展

贝类由于是开放性系统,不存在特异性体液免疫,贝类的宿主免疫防御包括以血细胞为基础的细胞和体液系统。血细胞能够在体内或体外吞噬各种有机和无机颗粒,清除病原生物和自身损伤或死亡细胞,而且血细胞能够产生各种非特异性体液因子来参与宿主的免疫防御过程。所以贝类的血细胞在宿主免疫防御机制中起着重要作用。近年来,随着贝类养殖规模的扩大,贝类病害日益严重,给中国的贝类养殖业造成了重大经济损失[1,2]。所以研究贝类免疫学,特别是贝类血细胞的免疫防御功能和机制,以解决贝类养殖中发生的病害问题已成为研究的热点。本文依据国内外有关文献,就贝类血细胞的分类、结构及免疫功能方面的研究作一综述,为国内外研究提供理论基础及资料。1贝类血细胞结构、分类贝类血细胞的分类一直分歧很大,有人将其分为三类:无颗粒细胞、小颗粒细胞、大颗粒细胞,也有人将其分为四类:大颗粒细胞、小颗粒细胞、透明细胞、浆细胞,还有人将其分为八类,甚至几十类,至今无统一命名[3]。关于血细胞的分类,Moore等[4]根据血细胞超微结构和对染色反应的不同,将紫贻贝(Mytilus galloprovincialis)血细胞分为两大类,无颗粒的嗜碱性细胞和有颗粒的嗜酸性颗粒细胞...     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细