濒危植物翅果油树种群的遗传多样性和遗传分化研究

利用微卫星（SSR）标记对来自山西和陕西两省的7个翅果油树（Elaeagnus mollisDiels）种群进行遗传多样性和遗传结构研究。10对SSR标记共检测到126个位点,其中多态位点114个。在物种水平上,平均多态位点百分率为90.79%,有效等位基因数（Ne）、Nei基因多样性指数（H）和Shannon多样性指数（I）分别为1.6072、0.3166、0.4603;在种群水平上,多态位点百分率为61.99%,有效等位基因数（Ne）、Nei’s基因多样性指数（H）、Shannon多样性指数（I）分别为1.5445、0.2683、0.3815。遗传分化系数GST为0.2074,表明了翅果油树种群的遗传变异主要存在于种群内。基因流Nm为1.9111〉1,说明种群间基因交流可以阻止由于遗传漂变导致的遗传分化。聚类结果表明,翅果油树种群间的遗传距离与地理距离有一定的相关性,经Mantel检验,种群的地理距离与遗传距离之间呈正相关,但未达到显著水平（p〉0.05）。结果表明,遗传多样性水平与物种本身特性和不同干扰生境有关,濒危植物并不一定表现为遗传变异水平的降低。     

西藏地区雪层杜鹃遗传多样性的AFLP分析

采用AFLP技术对西藏地区雪层杜鹃（Rhododendron nivale）5个天然种群135份材料进行遗传多样性和遗传分化研究。筛选得出的6对引物共扩增产物273条DNA片段,扩增多态位点百分率为85.71%。5个雪层杜鹃种群的遗传多样性指标表现了相似的变化趋势,Nei基因多样性指数（h）和Shannon信息指数（I）的变化趋势一致,均为工布江达县种群 < 米林种群 < 嘎隆拉种群 < 色季拉山种群 < 红拉山种群。POPGENE分析结果表明雪层杜鹃在物种水平（PPL=85.71%,I=0.415 1,h=0.273）具有较高的遗传多样性,种群水平（PPL=62.26%,I=0.280 3,h=0.184 1）的遗传多样性较低。AMOVA分析结果表明36%的遗传变异存在于种群间,64%的遗传变异存在于种群内,雪层杜鹃种群间的遗传分化系数（G_st=0.324）与AMOVA分析得到的遗传变异分布结果一致。UPGMA聚类结果说明雪层杜鹃的遗传距离与地理距离和海拔高度没有明显的相关性。综合分析,引起雪层杜鹃的遗传变异的原因可能是地理环境不同和种群的生境类型差异。最后就雪层杜鹃的合理开发和保护提出建议。     

不同天然居群小蓬竹的遗传多样性

从分子水平探讨不同居群小蓬竹的遗传多样性以及与环境因子的相关性,揭示其濒危原因,为小蓬竹的保护和后续开发利用提供理论支撑,助力实施极危物种最佳保护策略。运用RAPD标记技术和POPGENE32对16个小蓬竹天然居群进行遗传多样性研究和遗传变异分析。结果表明,8个RAPD随机引物共扩增出105条清晰、重复性高的条带,其中多态性条带有98条,分子量300~2000bp;物种水平多态性位点百分率PPL=93.33%,有效等位基因数Ne=1.4942,Nei’s基因多样性H=0.3005,Shannon多样性指数I=0.4586;落湾(ZY1)居群的遗传多样性水平最高(PPL=60.95%,H=0.2329,I=0.3451),[JP3]桃坡(PT1)居群的最低(PPL=44.76%,H=0.1700,[JP]I=0.2523);16个天然居群的遗传分化系数Gst=0.3231,基因流Nm=1.0478,基于Shannon’s多样性指数的分化系数[(HSP-HPOP)/HSP]为0.3429。小蓬竹居群内存在丰富的遗传多样性,各个天然居群间具有一定的遗传分化但分化水平并不高,主要的遗传变异存在于居群内部。     

秦岭秀雅杜鹃野生种群遗传多样性和遗传分化的AFLP分析

利用AFLP分子标记技术,对秦岭地区7个秀雅杜鹃野生种群的遗传多样性和遗传分化进行研究.结果表明:M52E41、M62E46和M64E94等3个引物组合共扩增出182条DNA片段,其中151条是多态的,多态位点比率为83.1％.7个秀雅杜鹃种群所检测的多态位点百分率(PPL)、Nei的基因多样性指数(h)和Shannon信息指数(I)的变化趋势一致,其排序为眉县种群＞柞水种群＞镇安种群＞户县种群＞宁强种群＞南郑种群＞周至种群.POPGENE分析表明,秀雅杜鹃在物种水平(PPL=91.22％,I=0.7217,h=0.5095)和种群水平(PPL=77.56％,I=0.6409,h=0.4725)都具有较高的遗传多样性.种群间的遗传分化系数(Gst)为7.26％,说明有92.74％的变异存在于种群内部.AMOVA分析表明,在总的遗传变异中,85.3％的变异发生在种群内,14.7％的变异发生在种群间,说明秀雅杜鹃种群的遗传变异主要存在于种群内部.UPGMA聚类分析表明,种群间的遗传距离与种群间的地理距离没有明显的相关性.最后提出了秦岭地区秀雅杜鹃种质资源的保护策略.     

云南南部野生大叶千斤拔资源遗传多样性的ISSR分析

应用ISSR分子标记技术,对云南南部7个地区的野生大叶千斤拔( Flemingia macrophylla)居群进行了遗传多样性分析。结果表明：云南野生大叶千斤拔具有较高的遗传多样性。在物种水平上,平均每个位点的多态位点百分率(PPL)为94.85％,有效等位基因数(Ne)为1.4627,Nei’s基因多样性指数(He)为0.2815, Shannon’s多样性信息指数(Ho)为0.4337;在居群水平上,PPL ＝43.44％,Ne ＝1.2981,He ＝0.1704,Ho ＝0.2499。基于Nei’ s遗传多样性分析可得出,居群间的遗传分化系数( Gst)为0.3975,表明居群内的遗传变异为60.25％,居群间的遗传变异为39.75％,这说明居群间的遗传分化要低于居群内的遗传分化。根据遗传多样性分析和聚类结果,应在大叶千金拔遗传多样性较高的勐腊易武( MY)、丘北( QB)和宁洱( NE)地区,设立保护点对其进行就地保护。     

黄枝油杉遗传多样性的ISSR分析

该研究采用ISSR分子标记,对黄枝油杉7个自然种群的遗传多样性进行了分析。结果表明:用12条ISSR引物对218个黄枝油杉个体进行扩增,共扩增出125个位点。在物种水平上,多态性位点百分数(PPL)为100.00%,Shannon信息多样性指数(I)为0.417 7,Nei’s基因多样性指数(H)为0.266 6;在种群水平上,多态性位点百分数(PPL)在71.20%~92.00%之间,平均值为80.69%,Shannon信息多样性指数(I)在0.327 3~0.388 6之间,平均值为0.354 8,Nei’s基因多样性指数(H)在0.213 9~0.247 8之间,平均值为0.229 1。这说明黄枝油杉在物种水平和种群水平上均显示出较高的遗传多样性。Nei’s遗传多样性分析(Gst=0.143 3)和AMOVA分析(Φst=17.91%)表明,黄枝油杉的遗传变异主要存在于种群内,种群间的遗传分化程度较低,种群间保持一定的基因交流(Nm=2.989 01)。Mantel分析显示,黄枝油杉种群间的遗传距离和地理距离之间不存在显著的相关关系(r=0.456 7,P=0.061 00.05)。     

中日5个岛屿山茶种群遗传多样性研究

运用ISSR分子标记法对中、日两国5个岛屿天然山茶种群共150个个体进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明:筛选出的20条引物扩增得到205条清晰条带,其中183条为多态性条带,多态位点百分比(PPB)为89.27%。经POPGENE软件分析,山茶种群平均多态位点百分比(PPB)为72.00%,Nei’s基因多样性指数(HE)为0.2743,Shannon信息多态性指数(H)为0.4023,种群水平遗传多样性较高。基因分化系数Gst=0.2033,表明遗传变异主要存在于种群内个体间。Mantel检验(r=0.7989,P<0.05)和UPGMA聚类表明岛屿地理隔离对山茶种群遗传分化具有重要影响。基于岛屿山茶种群遗传结构的分析,建议加强我国岛屿自然种群的就地保护力度。     

广西特有珍稀濒危植物小花异裂菊遗传多样性分析

采用ISSR分子标记技术,对广西特有珍稀濒危植物小花异裂菊6个野生种群的遗传多样性进行了研究。结果表明:10条引物对141个个体共检测到96个位点,其中29个位点具有多态性,多态位点百分率(PPB)为30.21%。在物种水平上,小花异裂菊PPB为30.21%,Nei’s基因多样性指数(H)为0.105 4,Shannon’s信息指数(I)为0.154 6。在种群水平上,PPB为9%~19%,H为0.021 2~0.051 3,I为0.033 9~0.080 5。基于Nei’s遗传多样性分析所得出的种群间基因分化系数Gst=0.690 5,表明种群内的遗传变异为30.95%,种群间的遗传变异为69.05%,小花异裂菊的遗传变异主要存在于种群间。AMOVA分析结果与前面结果相符。小花异裂菊种群间的基因流(Nm)为0.224 2。从遗传距离看,杨堤和兴坪种群的遗传距离最小,为0.039 8,白沙和阳朔之间的遗传距离最大,为0.160 9。在UPGMA聚类图中,6个种群可分为两组,阳朔和高田为一组,普益、白沙、兴坪、杨堤聚为一组。研究认为小花异裂菊的自交亲和的繁育系统和分布区域的片段化可能是导致种群遗传多样性较低和种群间高遗传分化的主要原因。该研究结果为该物种种质资源的保护提供了科学依据。     

珍稀药用植物红根草野生及离体快繁群体的遗传多样性

红根草是一个有重要药用价值的珍稀濒危药材植物。为了更好地了解红根草野生和组培快繁种质的遗传多样性信息,本文用RAPD和ISSR分子标记技术,对红根草4个野生种群及一个离体快繁群体进行遗传多样性分析,为物种保护和繁育提供理论依据。结果显示,在物种水平上,该物种的遗传多样性水平中等,Nei基因多样性指数（H）、Shannon信息多样性指数（I）和多态性位点百分率（PPL）分别为0.237/0.248（RAPD/ISSR,下同）、0.365/0.380和78.4%/81.1%;遗传变异大多数（70.5%/81.5%）发生在种群内、少部分（29.5%/18.5%）发生在种群间;野生种群的基因流为1.21/2.20,但UPGMA聚类分析结果表明,距离35km以上的种群遗传分化明显,因此推测基因流动主要存在于种群内,地理距离是种群分化的主要原因。在居群水平上,H、I和PPL三项遗传多样性参数分别为0.167/0.202、0.253/0.303和51.7%/58.0%;离体快繁群体的RAPD分析结果显示,其遗传多样性高于其原野生种群,这一结果暗示,离体快繁过程中可能发生了体细胞变异,这些变异与RAPD-PCR区域有关。     

汶川震区不同气候区受损植被土壤有机碳储量和碳密度分布特征

采用ISSR分子标记技术,对广西特有珍稀濒危植物小花异裂菊6个野生种群的遗传多样性进行了研究。结果表明：10条引物对141个个体共检测到96个位点,其中29个位点具有多态性,多态位点百分率( PPB)为30.21％。在物种水平上,小花异裂菊 PPB 为30.21％, Nei ’ s 基因多样性指数( H )为0.1054, Shannon’s信息指数(I)为0.1546。在种群水平上,PPB 为9％~19％,H 为0.0212~0.0513,I 为0.0339~0.0805。基于Nei’ s遗传多样性分析所得出的种群间基因分化系数Gst＝0.6905,表明种群内的遗传变异为30.95％,种群间的遗传变异为69.05％,小花异裂菊的遗传变异主要存在于种群间。 AMOVA分析结果与前面结果相符。小花异裂菊种群间的基因流( Nm)为0.2242。从遗传距离看,杨堤和兴坪种群的遗传距离最小,为0.0398,白沙和阳朔之间的遗传距离最大,为0.1609。在UPGMA聚类图中,6个种群可分为两组,阳朔和高田为一组,普益、白沙、兴坪、杨堤聚为一组。研究认为小花异裂菊的自交亲和的繁育系统和分布区域的片段化可能是导致种群遗传多样性较低和种群间高遗传分化的主要原因。该研究结果为该物种种质资源的保护提供了科学依据。     

Crystal structure, detonation performance, and thermal stability of a new polynitro cage compound: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptacyclo [5.5.1.13, 11. 15, 9] pentadecane

A new polynitro cage compound 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptcyclo [5.5.1.1(3,11).1(5,9)] pentadecane (NNNAHP) was designed in the present work. Its molecular structure was optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level of density functional theory (DFT) and crystal structure was predicted using the Compass and Dreiding force fields and refined by DFT GGA-RPBE method. The obtained crystal structure of NNNAHP belongs to the P-1 space group and the lattice parameters are a = 9.99 ?, b = 10.78 ?, c = 9.99 ?, α = 90.01°, β = 120.01°, γ = 90.00°, and Z = 2, respectively. Based on the optimized crystal structure, the band gap, density of state, thermodynamic properties, infrared spectrum, strain energy, detonation characteristics, and thermal stability were predicted. Calculation results show that NNNAHP has detonation properties close to those of CL-20 and is a high energy density compound with moderate stability.     

Relations of the Al,B, Ba,Br, Ca,Cl, Cu,Fe, K,Li, Mg,Mn, Na,P, S,Si, Sr,and Zn mass fractions to morphometric parameters in pediatric and nonhyperplastic young adult prostate glands

The variation with age of the 18 trace element mass fractions and some histological characteristics of intact prostate glands of 50 subjects aged 0–30 years was investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and a quantitative morphometric analysis. Mean values ± standard error of the mean (M ± SΕΜ) for the mass fractions (in milligrams per kilogram wet tissue) of these trace elements in pre-puberty were: Al 28.5 ± 9.0, B 0.40 ± 0.11, Ba 1.48 ± 0.44, Br 10.5 ± 1.5, Ca 241 ± 30, Cl 3,203 ± 278, Cu 3.51 ± 0.89, Fe 33.7 ± 4.1, K 2,364 ± 145, Li 0.020 ± 0.004, Mg 153 ± 23, Mn 0.46 ± 0.06, Na 2,286 ± 130, P 1,391 ± 100, S 1,698 ± 132, Si 62 ± 11, Sr 0.38 ± 0.08, and Zn 27.6 ± 2.3. During puberty and postpuberty, when there is a significant increase in circulating androgens, the mean values were: Al 7.2 ± 1.4, B 0.21 ± 0.05, Ba 0.25 ± 0.06, Br 5.8 ± 1.0, Ca 433 ± 81, Cl 2,314 ± 201, Cu 1.77 ± 0.13, Fe 20.9 ± 1.6, K 2,585 ± 118, Li 0.0088 ± 0.0014, Mg 232 ± 27, Mn 0.34 ± 0.04, Na 1,875 ± 107, P 1,403 ± 98, S 1,673 ± 73, Si 22.2 ± 3.1, Sr 0.22 ± 0.03, and Zn 93.3 ± 8.9. Mean values (M ± SΕΜ) of percent volumes (%) of the stroma, epithelium and lumen in the prostate before puberty were 73.4 ± 2.6, 20.4 ± 1.7, and 4.45 ± 0.94, respectively, versus 46.5 ± 2.5, 38.5 ± 1.9, and 14.9 ± 1.2 during puberty and postpuberty. This work’s results confirm that the Zn mass fraction in prostate tissue is an androgen-dependent parameter. For the first time it has been demonstrated that the glandular lumen is a main pool of Ca, Mg, and Zn accumulation and that the stroma is a main pool of Al, B, Ba, Br, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, and Si accumulation in the normal human prostate, for the age range 0–30 years. It was concluded that the Ca, Mg, and Zn binds tightly within the prostatic fluid, because the volume of glandular lumen reflects the volume of prostatic fluid.     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Simultaneous measurement of the trace elements Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum and their reference ranges by ICP-MS

The goal of this article was to establish reference ranges of the concentration of trace elements in human serum and to compare these results with those reported by other authors. We describe the sample preparation and measurement conditions that allow the rapid, precise, and accurate determination of Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum samples (n=110) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing three reconstituted reference serum samples by comparison with other methods and by the standard addition procedure. The advantages of the ICP-MS method include short time of analysis of the elements mentioned, low detection limit, high precision, and high accuracy. Disadventages include a high risk of contamination due to the presence of some of the elements of interest in the environment, the relatively delicate sample handling, and the high cost of the equipment.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.     

Reference values for the concentrations of As,Cd, Co,Cr, Cu,Fe, I,Hg, Mn,Mo, Ni,Pb, Se,and Zn in selected human tissues and body fluids

This report attempts to formulate reference ranges of elemental concentrations for 15 trace elements in selected human tissues and body fluids. A set of samples consisting of whole blood, blood serum, urine, milk, liver, and hair were chosen and considered for 15 elements of biological significance: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, I, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. The results represent wholly or partially data received from 40 countries of the global regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North, South, and Central America, Australia, and New Zealand. This survey, even if qualitative, has been useful in demonstrating certain trends of trace-element scenarios around the world. It is of course recognized that both diet and environment exert a strong influence on the distribution pattern of several elements, such as As, Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn. A limited comparison of the available information on soil status of different countries reflected some interesting associations for elements, such as Mn and Zn. Importantly, this study revealed that only a few countries were in a position to identify a reasonable amount of data on samples requested for this project. Regretably, for a number of countries, any dependable data for even such essential elements as Cu, Fe, and Zn were not available. In view of the nutritional importance of many elements, the time is ripe for concerted efforts by intergovernmental agencies to initiate investigations or commission task forces/projects to generate reliable reference data for selected global regions, which sadly lack data of any kind at present.     

Potential Compounds for Oral Cancer Treatment: Resveratrol,Nimbolide, Lovastatin,Bortezomib, Vorinostat,Berberine, Pterostilbene,Deguelin, Andrographolide,and Colchicine

Oral cancer is one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths in South-Asian countries. There are very limited treatment options available for oral cancer. Research endeavors focused on discovery and development of novel therapies for oral cancer, is necessary to control the ever rising oral cancer related mortalities. We mined the large pool of compounds from the publicly available compound databases, to identify potential therapeutic compounds for oral cancer. Over 84 million compounds were screened for the possible anti-cancer activity by custom build SVM classifier. The molecular targets of the predicted anti-cancer compounds were mined from reliable sources like experimental bioassays studies associated with the compound, and from protein-compound interaction databases. Therapeutic compounds from DrugBank, and a list of natural anti-cancer compounds derived from literature mining of published studies, were used for building partial least squares regression model. The regression model thus built, was used for the estimation of oral cancer specific weights based on the molecular targets. These weights were used to compute scores for screening the predicted anti-cancer compounds for their potential to treat oral cancer. The list of potential compounds was annotated with corresponding physicochemical properties, cancer specific bioactivity evidences, and literature evidences. In all, 288 compounds with the potential to treat oral cancer were identified in the current study. The majority of the compounds in this list are natural products, which are well-tolerated and have minimal side-effects compared to the synthetic counterparts. Some of the potential therapeutic compounds identified in the current study are resveratrol, nimbolide, lovastatin, bortezomib, vorinostat, berberine, pterostilbene, deguelin, andrographolide, and colchicine.     

New Coleoptera records from New Brunswick, Canada: Stenotrachelidae, Oedemeridae, Meloidae, Myceteridae, Boridae, Pythidae, Pyrochroidae, Anthicidae, and Aderidae

We report 19 new species records for the faunal list of Coleoptera in New Brunswick, Canada, six of which are new records for the Maritime provinces, and one of which is new Canadian record. We also provide the first recent records for five additional species in New Brunswick. One new species of Stenotrachelidae, Cephaloon ungulare LeConte, is added to the New Brunswick faunal list. Additional records are provided for Cephaloon lepturides Newman, as well the first recent record of Nematoplus collaris LeConte. Two species of Oedemeridae, Asclera puncticollis (Say) and Asclera ruficollis (Say), are newly reported for New Brunswick, and additional locality and bionomic data are provided for Calopus angustus LeConte and Ditylus caeruleus (Randall). The records of Ditylus caerulus are the first recent records for the province. Three species of Meloidae, Epicauta pestifera Werner, Lytta sayi LeConte, and Meloe augustcollis Say are reported the first time for New Brunswick; Epicauta pestifera is newly recorded in Canada. Lacconotus punctatus LeConte and the family Mycteridaeis newly recorded for New Brunswick. The first recent records of Borus unicolor Say (Boridae) are reported from the province. One new species of Pythidae, Pytho siedlitzi Blair, and the first recent records of Pytho niger Kirby are added to the faunal list of New Brunswick. Three species of Pyrochroidae are newly reported for the province, including Pedilus canaliculatus (LeConte) and Pedilus elegans (Hentz), which are new for the Maritime provinces. Five species of Anthicidae and the first recent record of Anthicus cervinus LaFerté-Sénectére are newly reported for New Brunswick. Anthicus melancholicus LaFerté-Sénectère, Sapintus pubescens (LaFerté-Sénectère), Notoxus bifasciatus (LeConte), and Stereopalpus rufipes Casey are new to the Maritime provinces faunal list. Ambyderus granularis (LeConte) is removed from the faunal list of the province. Three species of Aderidae, Vanonus huronicus Casey, Zonantes fasciatus (Melsheimer), and Zonantes pallidusWerner, are newly recorded for New Brunswick; Zonantes fasciatus and Vanonus huronicus are new for the Maritime provinces' faunal list. Collection data, bionomic data, and distribution maps are presented for all these species.