10个地方猪群体的系统聚类分析

利用微卫星标记技术分析了中国10个地方猪群体的亲缘关系。结果表明：不同的聚类方法导致的结果不同,根据Nei’s距离所得的NJ聚类结果与实际情况较为符合,它将10个地方猪群体分为3个类群：五指山小型猪、滇南小耳猪、贵州小型香猪及其近交系4个小型猪为一类群：沂蒙黑猪、汉中黑猪与荣昌猪为一个类群;二花脸猪、金华猪与巴马香猪近交系为一个类群。     

贵州小型香猪基因组DNA的AFLP检测研究

报道了AFLP标记在研究贵州小型香猪遗传多性方面的应用和该品系猪个体基因组DNA的AFLP扩增结果,分析了贵州小型香猪的群体遗传结构。实验应用10条AFLP引物,用PstⅠ酶切,对17头猪基因组DNA进行AFLP反应,共获得116个AFLP标记,单引物获得的标记数在2－22间,贵州小型香猪群体相似系数AFLP研究结果为0．866（0．760－0．967）,该研究为贵州小型香猪的遗传稳定性提供了相关的参数,准确评价尚待和其它品种猪对研究后确定。     

版纳小型猪近交系内分泌器官的解剖观察

猪在生理、解剖、组织、免疫及营养代谢等方面与人类有很多相似之处,已被应用于生物学及医学研究的各个领域。近年来随着异种器官移植研究的深入,猪成了人最理想的异种器官供给［１］。版纳小型猪近交系［２］目前已进入１８世代,近交系数达９７．８％,是目前最理想的人类异种器官供体［２］和最理想的实验用小型猪之一［３,４］。但缺乏翔实的解剖学资料。本实验对版纳小型猪近交系的内分泌器官进行了解剖观察,以期提供版纳小型猪近交系内分泌器官的解剖学资料。１　　材料和方法１．１　　材料　　选取中国版纳小型猪近交系５头,１…     

贵州白香猪两品系微卫星座位的遗传分析

采用24个微卫星标记对贵州白香猪2个品系的遗传变异进行了检测.试验结果表明,2个品系在24个微卫星基因座的平均等位基因、平均期望杂合度、平均多态信息含量和平均近交系数分别为2.1667、2.0417,0.4074、0.4188,0.3436、0.3249和0.5377、0.5605.结果 提示贵州白香猪具有一定的遗传稳定性,已成为一个稳定的遗传群体,符合封闭群动物的遗传特征.     

西藏小型猪细胞色素b基因序列的比较

目的对西藏小型猪Cyt b-基因序列进行分析,研究其遗传背景及其与国内家猪的亲缘关系。方法提取西藏小型猪和巴马小型猪、贵州香猪、五指山猪的全基因组DNA,设计引物扩增Cyt b基因,测序后进行碱基序列比对,建立亲缘关系树,分析西藏小型猪的遗传背景。结果西藏小型猪等国内部分品种猪的Cyt b基因序列与欧洲猪相比有14个变异位点;但是西藏小型猪与国内品种猪相比存在两个特殊碱基位点即在420位点T→C转换的同时在883位点存在G→A转换。结论西藏小型猪与巴马小型猪、贵州香猪、五指山猪等国内家猪有很近的亲缘关系。同时进一步证实西藏小型猪群体内存在一定的遗传分化。     

三品系小型猪35个微卫星基因座的遗传学研究

利用35个微卫星基因座对中国三个品系的小型猪（贵州小型香猪、广西巴马小型猪、版纳小耳猪近交系）进行了遗传检测。计算出三个小型猪品系个体样本在35个微卫星基因座的纯合率,并对其进行t检验。计算出各品系的平均杂合度,多态信息含量（PIC）及品系间的遗传距离,并进行了系统聚类。结果表明三个品系的小型猪其基因纯合率均较高,其中版纳小耳猪近交系的基因纯合率最高;PIC和平均杂合度均较低;贵州小型香猪和广西巴马小型猪亲缘关系较近,并均与版纳小耳猪近交系的亲缘关系略远。 Abstract：The polymorphism of 35 microsatellites in the three miniature pig breeds in China(Guizhou miniature pig, Guangxi Bama miniature pig, Banna miniature pig inbred) was analysed. Rates of homozygote for 35 microsatellite loci in three miniature pig breeds were calculated,and t-test for them were performed. Mean heterozygosity and polymorphism information content(PIC) were calculated for all breeds, and genetic distances between these breeds were estimated. The dendrograms were obtained based on genetic distances. The results suggest that rates of homozygote in the three breeds are all high, and that is the highest in Banna miniature pig inbred. The results also suggest that polymorphism information content and mean heterozygosity in all the three breeds are low, and the genetic relationship between Guizhou miniature pig and Guangxi Bama miniature pig is closer than their relationship with Banna miniature pig inbred.     

三种小型猪线粒体DNA控制区的比较研究

目的分析五指山小型猪、巴马小型猪和贵州香猪线粒体DNA控制区碱基序列,比较研究不同猪种的遗传标志。方法应用PCR技术分别对这三种小型猪的血液总DNA样品中线粒体DNA D-loop区进行扩增,测序比对。结果猪的线粒体DNA D-loop区分三个区域。I区（靠近5’端区域）704bp,五指山小型猪在此区共有6个变异位点,通过6个变异位点中归纳出3个单倍体,而巴马小型猪在此区有9个变异位点,通过9个变异位点归纳出4个单倍体,贵州香猪在此区共有6个变异位点,通过6个变异位点归纳出3个单倍体。Ⅱ区（串联重复序列区）,五指山小型猪、巴马小型猪和贵州香猪序列相同。Ⅲ区（靠近3’端区域）三种小型猪的序列几乎相同。结论五指山小型猪、巴马小型猪和贵州香猪三种小型猪之间线粒体DNA碱基序列变异位点较少,五指山小型猪和巴马小型猪亲缘关系较近。     

贵州小型香猪基因组DNA的AFLP检测研究

报道了AFLP标记在研究贵州小型香猪遗传多态性方面的应用和该品系猪个体基因组DNA的AFLP扩增结果,分析了贵州小型香猪的群体遗传结构.实验应用10条AFLP引物,用PstⅠ酶切,对17头猪基因组DNA进行AFLP反应,共获得116个AFLP标记,单引物获得的标记数在2～22间,贵州小型香猪群体相似系数AFLP研究结果为0.866(0.760～0.967),该研究为评价贵州小型香猪的遗传稳定性提供了相关的参数,准确评价尚待和其它品种猪对比研究后确定。 Abstract:We reported the application of AFIP markers to detect genetic polymorphic loci in Guizhou miniaturc pig and their amplified AFLP results.Their genetic construction Of the population was also analysed.TenAFLP primers were used,genomic DNAs from 17 pigs were restrictive by pst I,116 AFLP markers were obtained,the obtaining marker numbers of individual primer were between 2~22.The results indicate as the following:(1)AFLP marker is suitable for analysing genetic polymorphism in pig;(2)The similarty index of population in Guizhou miniaturc pigs was 0.866(0.760~0.967).The study provides a uscful parameter with appraise genetic stability of Guizhou miniature pigs.     

三种小型猪线粒体DNA控制区的比较研究

目的分析五指山小型猪、巴马小型猪和贵州香猪线粒体DNA控制区碱基序列,比较研究不同猪种的遗传标志。方法应用PCR技术分别对这三种小型猪的血液总DNA样品中线粒体DNA D-loop区进行扩增,测序比对。结果猪的线粒体DNA D-loop区分3个区域。Ⅰ区（靠近5′端区域）704 bp,五指山小型猪在此区共有6个变异位点,通过6个变异位点中归纳出3个单倍体,而巴马小型猪在此区有9个变异位点,通过9个变异位点归纳出4个单倍体,贵州香猪在此区共有6个变异位点,通过6个变异位点归纳出3个单倍体。     

中国三种实验用小型猪mtDNA D-l00P多态性分析

分析中国三种实验用小型猪线粒体DNA(mtDNA)D-loop的多态性,建立各品种品系猪的遗传标记,为各品种品系猪的鉴别提供依据.应用PCR对西双版纳近交系小耳猪、广西巴马小型猪、贵州小型香猪和长白猪血液总DNA样品中mtDNA D-loop进行扩增,用23种限制性内切酶消化,观察其酶切多态.PCR扩增其mtDNA D-lcop 5′端227 bp高变区域,应用PCR-SSCP和PCR直接测序分析,观察其单链构象多态和序列多态.结果显示:3种小型猪之间未见酶切长度多态、单链构象多态和序列多态;与长白猪之间表现出单链构象多态和序列多态.本研究认为:3种实验用小型猪之间mtDNA多态性贫乏,证明其在母系起源和进化上的一致性,亲源关系很近,应用PCR-RFLP、PCR-SSCP和PCR直接测序分析,尚不能作为3种实验用小型猪品种品系鉴定的依据,但与长白猪等欧系猪比较有一定差异.     

贵州小型香猪和广西巴马小型猪微卫星位点的遗传学分析

利用35个微卫星位点对贵州小型香猪,广西巴马小型猪的封闭群进行了遗传检测,计算出两个小型猪品系个体样本微卫星位点的平均杂合度,多态信息含量（PIC）、有效等效基因数及品系间的遗传距离。结果表明两个品系的小型猪平均杂合度和PIC均较低,有效等效基因数与实测等位基因数较接近,也表明两品系均有稳定的遗传;两者的遗传距离表明贵州小型香猪和广西巴马小型猪亲缘关系较近,同时表明两者已分别成为两个猛增的封闭群动物。     

中国三种实验用小型猪线粒体DNAD-loop多态性分析

分析中国三种实验用小型猪线粒体DNA（mtDNA）D-loop的多态性,建立各品种品系猪的遗传标记,为各品种、品系猪的鉴别提供依据。应用PCR技术分别对西双版纳近交系小耳猪、广西巴马小型猪、贵州小型香猪和长白猪的血液总DNA样品中mtDNAD-loop进行扩增,用23种限制性内切酶消化,观察其酶切多态。PCR扩增其mtDNAD-loop5′端227bp高变区域,应用PCR?SSCP和PCR直接测序分析,观察其单链构象多态和序列多态。结果显示：三种小型猪之间未见酶切长度多态、单链构象多态和序列多态。与长白猪之间表现出单链构象多态和序列多态。本研究认为：三种实验用小型猪之间mtDNA多态性贫乏,证明其亲源关系很近,在母系起源和进化上有一致性,应用PCR RFLP、PCR SSCP和PCR直接测序分析,尚不能作为三种实验用小型猪品种、品系鉴定的依据,但与长白猪等欧系猪比较有一定差异。 Abstract：the present study is to analyze the polymorphism of the mtDNA D-loop in three breeds of laboratory miniature pigs in China , and to establish its cytoplasmic DNA markers to distinguish among them . The polymorphism of mtDNA D-loop and its 5′-end high variable regions were detected by PCR-RFLP , PCR-SSCP and PCR-direct sequencing on Xishuangbanna Small-ear inbred pig, Guizhou miniature Xiang pig , Guangxi Bama miniature pig and Landrace.There was no polymorphism obtained among or within three breeds of Chinese laboratory miniature pigs besides Landrace. It is concluded that the polymorphism of mtDNA D-loop within the three breeds of Chinese laboratory miniature pigs is poor , These methods cannot be used to distinguish among them , but it can be used to distinguish them from Landrace.     

Genetic diversity of autochthonous pig breeds analyzed by microsatellite markers and mitochondrial DNA D-loop sequence polymorphism

The evaluation of the genetic structure of autochthonous pig breeds is very important for conservation of local pig breeds and preservation of diversity. In this study, 18 microsatellite loci were used to detect genetic relationship between autochthonous pig breeds [Black Slavonian (BS), Turopolje pig (TP), and Croatian wild boar] and to determine phylogenetic relationship among Croatian autochthonous pig breeds and certain Asian and European pigs using the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop sequence polymorphism. Relatively high degree of genetic variation was found between the observed populations. The analysis of mtDNA showed that haplotypes of the studied pig populations are different from the other European and Chinese haplotypes. BS pigs showed some similarities with Mangalitsa and Duroc breeds. The genetic distances of TP can be explained by high degree of inbreeding during the past century. Despite the European origin of Croatian pig breeds with some impact of Chinese breeds in the past, the results of present study show that genetic diversity is still pronounced within investigated breeds. Furthermore, the genetic diversity is even more pronounced between Croatian breeds and other European and Chinese pig breeds. Thus, conservation of Croatian pig breeds will contribute to overall genetic diversity preservation of pig breeds.     

利用微卫星标记分析七品种（类群）小型猪的遗传多样性

采用世界粮农组织（FAO）和国际动物遗传学会（ISAG）推荐的27个微卫星,对久仰香猪、剑白香猪、从江香猪、环江香猪、黑香猪（贵州省种猪场）、五指山猪和滇南小耳猪等我国7小型猪种（类群）及杜洛克、长白和大白等3个外来猪种的群内遗传变异性和群间遗传差异进行了分析。结果表明,7个小型猪品种（类群）均有较高的群内遗传变异,但久仰、剑白、从江和环江4个香猪类群的群内遗传变异（平均多态信息含量（PIC）为0.61～0.64）显著低于其他3个小型猪种（平均PIC为0.80～0.84）。久仰、剑白、从江和环江4个香猪类群彼此间的遗传差异较小（奈氏标准遗传距离为0.12~0.22）,但它们与其他3个小型猪种有较大的遗传差异（奈氏标准遗传距离为1.61～1.96）,与3个外来猪种的遗传差异更大（奈氏标准遗传距离为1.99～3.30）。通过聚类分析,可将这些猪种清晰地分为3大类,久仰、剑白、从江和环江4个香猪类群紧密地聚为一类,其他3个小型猪种聚为一类,3个外来猪种聚为另一类。这一结果基本符合这些猪种的地理分布和品种来源。
     

Blood groups and serum protein polymorphisms in the Pitman-Moore and Ohmini strains of miniature pigs

The variations of blood groups and biochemical polymorphisms in the populations of the two miniature pig strains reared in Japan were investigated in this report. The variations in eight blood group systems were investigated by using serological techniques, and five serum protein systems by using starch gel electrophoresis. The Pitman-Moore strain showed no variations in K, O, Tf, Cp and Am systems, but showed plymorphisms in A, E, F, G, H, L, Pa and Hpx systems. The Ohmini strain showed no or little variations in E, F, G, Tf, Pa and Cp systems, but showed polymorphisms in A, H, K, L, O, Hpx and Am systems. From the results of investigation of genetic similarities among nine pig populations including various breeds, it was made clear that the two miniature pig strains were very different genetically, and the Pitman-Moore strain was genetically closer to European large pig breeds than to East Asian native pigs, while the Ohmini strain was close to Thai and Philippine natives.     

Genomic Diversity in Pig (Sus scrofa) and its Comparison with Human and other Livestock

We have reviewed the current pig (Sus scrofa) genomic diversity within and between sites and compared them with human and other livestock. The current Porcine 60K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) panel has an average SNP distance in a range of 30 - 40 kb. Most of genetic variation was distributed within populations, and only a small proportion of them existed between populations. The average heterozygosity was lower in pig than in human and other livestock. Genetic inbreeding coefficient (F(IS)), population differentiation (F(ST)), and Nei's genetic distance between populations were much larger in pig than in human and other livestock. Higher average genetic distance existed between European and Asian populations than between European or between Asian populations. Asian breeds harboured much larger variability and higher average heterozygosity than European breeds. The samples of wild boar that have been analyzed displayed more extensive genetic variation than domestic breeds. The average linkage disequilibrium (LD) in improved pig breeds extended to 1 - 3 cM, much larger than that in human (~ 30 kb) and cattle (~ 100 kb), but smaller than that in sheep (~ 10 cM). European breeds showed greater LD that decayed more slowly than Asian breeds. We briefly discuss some processes for maintaining genomic diversity in pig, including migration, introgression, selection, and drift. We conclude that, due to the long time of domestication, the pig possesses lower heterozygosity, higher F(IS), and larger LD compared with human and cattle. This implies that a smaller effective population size and less informative markers are needed in pig for genome wide association studies.     

五指山猪IGF2基因5′调控区单核苷酸多态性分析

利用PCR产物直接测序法, 对五指山猪、滇南小耳猪、香猪、梅山猪和大白猪共60个样本的IGF2基因5＇调控区部分片段的单核苷酸多态性进行了研究。找到13个SNP, 分别是: C5872T、C5888T、A5976G、C6010T、T6029A、C6037T、C6043T、C6063T、C6112T、C6164T、G13520A、G13563A和G13669A。T6029A为T←→A碱基颠换, A5976G、G13520A、G13563A和G13669A为A←→G转换, 其他均为C←→T转换。针对13个SNP位点得到23种组合基因型。统计各位点等位基因和基因型以及各组合基因型在总群体与各品种内的分布频率, 发现3个小型猪在A5976G、C6164T和G13669A位点上的优势等位基因均分别为G、T和A, 而梅山猪和大白猪的优势等位基因均分别为A、C和G; H19型为3个小型猪的特征组合基因型, 而另两个猪品种为H15型。同时对123头五指山猪IGF2基因C5888T位点进行了PCR-RFLP分析, 研究表明该位点C为优势等位基因(0.8536), CC为优势基因型(0.7235)。卡方检验表明该位点处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态。这些结果可为五指山猪等小型猪的生长发育规律、矮小机制等方面的研究提供遗传学依据。