猪水泡病病毒HK′1／70株基因组全长cDNA的构建及其序列测定

从实验感染猪水泡病病毒(SVDV)的乳鼠组织中提取RNA,利用长距离的RACE技术,扩增出覆盖SVDVHK′1/70株全基因组的2个忠实性的cDNA重叠片段(3′PCR片段和5′PCR片段),分别克隆进pGEM-T Easy载体。利用AatⅡ和BssHⅡ酶切含5′PCR片段的重组质粒,回收目的片段,定向克隆于含3′PCR片段的重组质粒,构建出了SVDV HK′1/70株全长cDNA重组质粒,然后进行序列测定。结果表明,HK′1/70株基因组全基因组序列长7 401 nt(poly A除外),其中5′NCR长743 nt,该毒株蛋白编码区的核苷酸序列为6 558 nt,编码一个长2 185个氨基酸的聚合蛋白,3′NCR长102 nt,其后是至少含有74个A碱基的poly A尾。在HK′1/70株全长cDNA序列的5′端引入了T7启动子序列,在poly A3′端引入了Psp1406Ⅰ识别序列。通过序列同源性和进化树分析,结果表明,HK′1/70属于第Ⅱ抗原遗传群,SVDV与CB5的遗传关系最近,且位于CB5遗传进化树的分支上。HK′1/70株全长cDNA的序列测定及构建,为拯救SVDV和在分子水平进一步深入研究SVDV打下坚实的基础。     

猪水泡病病毒HK'1/70株基因组全长cDNA的构建及其序列测定

从实验感染猪水泡病病毒(SVDV)的乳鼠组织中提取RNA,利用长距离的RACE技术,扩增出覆盖SVDV HK'1/70株全基因组的2个忠实性的cDNA重叠片段(3'PCR片段和5'PCR片段),分别克隆进pGEM-T Easy载体.利用AatⅡ和BssHⅡ酶切含5'PCR片段的重组质粒,回收目的片段,定向克隆于含3'PCR片段的重组质粒,构建出了SVDV HK'1/70株全长cDNA重组质粒,然后进行序列测定.结果表明,HK'1/70株基因组全基因组序列长7 401 nt(poly A除外),其中5'NCR长743 nt,该毒株蛋白编码区的核苷酸序列为6 558 nt,编码一个长2 185个氨基酸的聚合蛋白,3'NCR长102 nt,其后是至少含有74个A碱基的poly A尾.在HK'1/70株全长cDNA序列的5'端引入了T7启动子序列,在poly A 3'端引入了Psp1406Ⅰ识别序列.通过序列同源性和进化树分析,结果表明,HK'1/70属于第Ⅱ抗原遗传群,SVDV与CB5的遗传关系最近,且位于CB5遗传进化树的分支上.HK'1/70株全长cDNA的序列测定及构建,为拯救SVDV和在分子水平进一步深入研究SVDV打下坚实的基础.     

鹅源新城疫病毒ZJI株基因组cDNA克隆的序列修饰

将鹅源新城疫病毒ZJI株全基因组cDNA克隆通过酶切切下包含T7启动子区域和转录载体的片段,将其自身环化后获得约6．5kb的质粒。设计引物,利用基因定点突变技术,在此质粒上T7启动子与NDV Leader序列之间突变插入额外的3个G碱基,将此突变最终引入到原基因组cDNA克隆中。应用RT—PCR技术从尿囊液中扩增NDV基因组F／HN基因区域部分片段,利用限制性内切酶BsmBI将扩增片段连接,最终将原cDNA克隆中相应片段替换下。测序结果表明,原基因组cDNA克隆中特定位置碱基插入突变成功,F／HN基因区域碱基突变均得以纠正。以上cDNA克隆的修饰与替换为该毒株的反向遗传研究打下了基础。     

人呼吸道合胞病毒兰州株基因组全长cDNA克隆的构建及鉴定

目的构建用于呼吸道合胞病毒(respiratory syncytial virus,RSV)体外拯救的RSV基因组全长cDNA克隆,并进行鉴定。方法根据RSV Long株基因组序列设计并合成引物,利用RT-PCR技术分6段扩增RSV LZ01/09基因组序列并构建克隆载体;测序后,利用重叠PCR与酶切连接技术,根据基因组序列选择特异性酶切位点,引入Kpn I、Xma I和Sal I酶切位点,构建成4个亚克隆载体;将亚克隆载体的插入片段连接至经过改造且包含T7启动子、锤头状核酶、多克隆位点、丁肝核酶、T7终止子的p RSV1载体中,构建RSV基因组全长cDNA克隆;对克隆全长cDNA序列进行测定,与亲本RSV LZ01/09基因组进行同源性比对分析,并与RSV实验参比株进行系统进化树分析。结果测序结果显示,RSV LZ 01/09的基因组全长为15 204 bp,与GenBank公布的RSV基因组序列长度相当,将完整的序列提交GenBank,登录号为KY782635;酶切及测序结果显示,用于RSV全长cDNA克隆构建的基本载体p BSKS-MCS(简称p RSV1)与预期相符,RSV全长基因组cDNA克隆质粒(简称转录载体p RSV1-4F)酶切片段大小与预期一致;同源性比对结果显示,全长cDNA序列与亲本RSV LZ01/09基因组序列同源性高达99.83%;系统进化树分析结果显示,其与RSV-A亚型序列同属于一个分支。结论测序及酶切分析结果表明已成功构建RSVLZ01/09基因组全长cDNA克隆,为建立拯救RSV重组病毒的反向遗传学系统平台奠定了基础。     

鹅源新城疫病毒ZJI株基因组cDNA克隆的序列修饰*

将鹅源新城疫病毒ZJI株全基因组cDNA克隆通过酶切切下包含T7启动子区域和转录载体的片段,将其自身环化后获得约6.5kb的质粒。设计引物,利用基因定点突变技术,在此质粒上T7启动子与NDV Leader序列之间突变插入额外的3个G碱基,将此突变最终引入到原基因组cDNA克隆中。应用RT-PCR技术从尿囊液中扩增NDV基因组F/HN基因区域部分片段,利用限制性内切酶BsmB I将扩增片段连接,最终将原cDNA克隆中相应片段替换下。测序结果表明,原基因组cDNA克隆中特定位置碱基     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒S1株基因组序列测定和分析

应用RT-PCR方法分段扩增出PRRSV上海分离株S1毒株的4条基因大片段,扩增后的产物分别克隆于pCR-XL-TOPO载体鉴定后测序,同时应用RACE方法对S1毒株的3′和5′基因末端进行了成功的扩增并克隆于pMD-18T载体进行测序,按顺序将这些序列进行拼接得到PRRSVS1株全基因组cDNA序列。测序结果表明PRRSVS1株基因组全长15441bp,包含9个开放式阅读框,5′UTR含有189nt,3′端UTR含有181nt,其中包含30ntPoly(A)。基因组序列分析结果显示该病毒与ATCCVR-2332和BJ-4分离株的核苷酸同源性分别99.5%和99.6%。与另一国内分离株CH-1a的核苷酸同源性为90.8%。     

狂犬病病毒CVS-11株全序列测定及其感染性克隆的构建

[目的]测定狂犬病病毒标准攻击毒CVS-11株全基因组序列,构建CVS-11株全长cDNA感染性克隆.[方法]RT-PCR扩增CVS-11株全基因组得到有重叠的12个片段,分别克隆至平端载体pEASY-Blunt,测定CVS-11株全基因组核苷酸序列.用软件DNAMAN分析CVS-11全序列单一性酶切位点,设计引物,分4段扩增CVS-11全基因组,扩增产物经多步酶切、连接逐步插入至真核表达载体pcDNA3.1,获得全长质粒pcDNA3.1-CVS-11.pcDNA3.1-CVS-11与其辅助质粒pcDNA3.1-N、P、L、G共转染NA细胞,经免疫荧光染色、RT-PCR鉴定,拯救得到重组病毒rCVS-11.[结果]CVS-11全基因组序列由11 927个核苷酸组成,编码5个结构蛋白,结构基因排列同已知的其他狂犬病病毒一致.成功构建了CVS-11全长cDNA重组质粒pcDNA3.1-CVS-11和其辅助质粒pcDNA3.1-N、P、L和G.经共转染,成功拯救了重组病毒rCVS-11.[结论]CVS-11株感染性克隆的构建为从分子水平上进一步研究狂犬病病毒奠定了基础.     

乙型脑炎病毒减毒中间株SA14—12—1—7基因组全序列的测定

本研究通过对乙型脑炎活疫苗减毒过程中间株SA14 12 1 7株进行全序列测定和分析 ,进一步了解乙脑活疫苗减毒及其稳定性的分子机制。根据已发表的SA14 14 2株及SA14 株的序列 ,设计 6对重叠引物 ,涵括整个乙脑病毒的基因组 ,通过RT PCR扩增出SA14 12 1 7株的各cDNA片段 ,分别克隆到pGEM T载体 ,转化至TG1受体菌中 ,挑取阳性克隆进行鉴定后测序。结果表明SA14 12 1 7株基因组全序列长 10 976个核苷酸 ,从 96到 10 394为一个长开放读码框 ,编码 3432个氨基酸。与野毒株SA14 和疫苗株SA14 14 2的核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列相比 ,同源性均在 99%以上 ,突变位点分散于各个区域 ,E区有 5个位点与疫苗株一致而与野毒株不同 ,3个位点与野毒株一致而与疫苗株不同 ,推测与其容易产生回复突变、恢复毒力有关。此外 ,NS3、NS5和 3′NTR的几个位点可能与病毒毒力稳定性相关。综上所述 ,乙脑病毒减毒中间株的基因组全序列基本类似于已发表的序列 ,若干突变位点影响病毒的弱毒性及毒力的稳定性。全序列的测定对于研究疫苗株的减毒机理具有重要意义     

中国首次分离的辛德毕斯病毒XJ-160病毒株感染性全基因组cDNA克隆的构建与分析

报告了中国首次分离的辛德毕斯病毒XJ-160株的感染性全基因组cDNA克隆的构建与鉴定。利用RT—PCR方法获得覆盖病毒全长基因组的cDNA片段,以低拷贝质粒pBR322作为骨架,将基因组cDNA置于SP6RNA聚合酶启动子之后,基因组3’末端带有35个连续的A,通过DNA重组技术组装成病毒基因组全长cDNA克隆。该克隆可在大肠杆菌DH5a中稳定扩增。经体外转录,RNA转录体转染BHK-21细胞,细胞发生病变,恢复病毒滴度达到10^7～10^8PFU／ml。全基因组cDNA克隆构建过程中引入的沉默突变(8453位核苷酸由C变为T)产生XbaⅠ酶切位点作为遗传标记,在子代恢复病毒的基因组中稳定存在。从细胞病变的特征、BHK-21细胞的空斑形态、病毒的抗原性、病毒在细胞中的生长动力学特征以及对乳鼠的致病性等方面比较,恢复病毒和亲本病毒XJ-160没有显著区别,提示获得了具有感染性的XJ-160病毒全长cDNA克隆。该病毒感染性全基因组cDNA克隆可以作为反向遗传学系统,为进一步研究病毒复制和致病机制,以及开发相应的载体表达系统提供分子生物学工具。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。     

The mechanism of hatching of eggs of Haemonchus contortus

Fluid collected from hatching eggs of Haemonchus contortus contained a lipase which hydrolysed 2-naphthyl laurate (about 0·7 μmol naphthol freed /h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid also hydrolysed l-leucinamide (about 2·3 μmol leucine freed/h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid when added to normal or heated eggs caused ‘hatching’. ‘Hatching’ also occurred in exsheathing fluid from infective juveniles and in a preparation of pancreatic lipase containing leucine aminopeptidase. A purified mammalian leucine aminopeptidase in combination with several different lipases did not attack egg shells.The ‘spontaneous’ hatching of eggs of H. contortus was strongly inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline, 10^?3M, and this inhibition was reversed by Zn²⁺. However, the inhibition of ‘hatching’ of eggs in externally applied hatching fluid, or the hydrolysis of leucinamide in hatching fluid was generally less marked.