老年糖尿病患者肠道菌群与糖化血红蛋白的关系CSCD

目的 研究老年2型糖尿病患者肠道菌群的变化,分析肠道菌群与糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)的关系,为老年2型糖尿病患者血糖控制提供指导。方法 选择2019年1月至2020年1月我院169例老年2型糖尿病患者为研究对象,分为血糖控制良好组(67例,HbA1c<7.0%)及血糖控制不良组(102例,HbA1c≥7.0%),并选择同期83例健康老年志愿者为对照组,采用光冈法检测3组研究对象肠道菌群,分析肠道菌群变化与HbA1c关系。结果 对照组、血糖控制良好组以及血糖控制不良组对象肠道双歧杆菌、乳杆菌、拟杆菌数量依次降低,肠杆菌数量依次升高,任意组间差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);但肠球菌数量在3组间差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。2型糖尿病患者肠道双歧杆菌、乳杆菌数量与HbA1c水平呈负相关,相关系数分别为-0.431、-0.356,均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论 2型糖尿病与肠道菌群紊乱相互影响,纠正肠道菌群紊乱对于2型糖尿病患者血糖控制有重要意义。     

糖尿病患者肠道菌群特征及其相关性的系统评价

目的对糖尿病患者肠道菌群特征及其相关性进行系统评价。方法检索知网、维普、万方、PubMed、Cochrane library、Embase等数据库关于糖尿病患者肠道菌群特征及其相关性的文献,同时追踪纳入文献的参考文献,时限为2009年3月至2019年3月,采用统一提取表,由两名研究者独立按照规定的纳入排除标准进行文献提取和方法学质量评估。最后采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta合并,Stata 12.0软件进行亚组分析与发表性偏倚识别。结果共纳入25篇研究,合计2 209例患者。Meta分析显示:(1)糖尿病患者菌群总量(SMD=-0.30,P=0.53)、乳杆菌数量(SMD=-0.79,P=0.20)下降,拟杆菌数量(SMD=1.43,P=0.12)、梭菌数量(SMD=0.28,P=0.40)增加,差异均无统计学意义,双歧杆菌数量(SMD=-1.82,P=0.02)下降,差异有统计学意义。(2)糖尿病患者菌群Shannon指数I~2=91%,r=-0.21[-0.32,0.09],P0.05;Chao1指数I~2=0%,r=-28.17[-40.85,-15.48],P0.05;均下降。(3)拟杆菌、双歧杆菌、梭菌与空腹血糖的相关性分别为:I~2=0%,r=-0.15[-0.27,-0.03];I~2=0%,r=-1.16[-1.42,0.91];I~2=0%,r=-0.28[-0.42,-0.14],均P0.05。而乳杆菌的相关性差异无统计学意义:I~2=47%,r=-0.00[-0.30,0.29],P=0.98。(4)乳杆菌和拟杆菌与炎症因子(TNF-α、IL-6)呈负相关,乳杆菌(r=-0.43;r=-0.60),P0.05;拟杆菌(r=-0.58;r=-0.58),P0.05,差异有统计学意义。结论糖尿病患者肠道菌群总量无明显变化,但有益菌含量和多样性下降,拟杆菌、双歧杆菌和梭菌含量与血糖水平呈负相关,而乳杆菌无相关,其结果还需要大样本、高质量的研究加以论证。     

脑梗死患者肠道菌群特征及其与血清代谢标志物水平的相关性

目的探究脑梗死患者肠道菌群特征,分析其与血清代谢标志物水平的相关性。方法对2018年1月至2018年8月间于我院就诊的43例急性脑梗死患者(脑梗死组)和43例健康体检者(对照组)的肠道菌群特征进行检测,采用16S rDNA实时荧光定量PCR技术对两组患者肠道菌群进行测定、分析,并对两组患者血清代谢标志物(血肌酐、尿素氮、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白及超敏C反应蛋白)水平进行比较,应用Pearson相关系数模型探究患者肠道菌群特征与常用血清代谢标志物水平的相关性。结果脑梗死组患者的空腹血糖、HbA1c、TC、TG、LDL-C和hs-CRP水平显著高于对照组,HDL-C水平显著低于对照组(Ps0.05)。16S rDNA分析结果显示,兼性厌氧菌是肠道的主要菌群,专性厌氧菌其次,需氧菌的比例最小。脑梗死组患者肠道主要优势菌为链球菌、大肠埃希菌和葡萄球菌,而对照组患者为双歧杆菌、乳杆菌等。脑梗死组患者肠道艰难梭菌、肠球菌、链球菌和葡萄球菌水平明显高于对照组(Ps0.05),双歧杆菌、奇异菌和乳杆菌水平明显低于对照组(Ps0.05)。Pearson相关性分析显示,奇异菌和罗伊乳杆菌水平与HbA1c水平呈明显负相关(r=-0.225,-0.348,Ps0.05),植物乳杆菌数量与TC水平呈明显负相关(r=-0.177,P=0.019),双歧杆菌与TG和LDL-C水平呈明显负相关(r=-0.214,-0.305,Ps0.05),艰难梭菌和葡萄球菌分别与LDL-C和hs-CRP呈明显正相关(r=0.375,0.213,Ps0.05)。结论脑梗死患者与健康人群肠道菌群存在明显差异,其中双歧杆菌、乳杆菌及奇异菌水平与糖、脂代谢指标呈负相关,艰难梭菌和葡萄球菌与低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和超敏C反应蛋白呈明显正相关。     

口服双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊制剂对 2型糖尿病患者的辅助治疗作用

目的探讨双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊制剂辅助治疗对新诊断2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者肠道双歧杆菌及胰岛素抵抗的影响。方法 86例新诊断T2DM患者随机分为两组。两组均给予饮食调整和适量运动等基础治疗。对照组给予阿卡波糖联合甘精胰岛素控制血糖;观察组在对照组基础上加用双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊制剂630mg/次,2次/d,温水口服,连用12周。观察两组患者治疗前与治疗12周后血糖达标情况、肠道双歧杆菌数量及胰岛素抵抗的变化。结果治疗12周后,观察组患者空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2h血糖(2hPG)和糖化血红蛋白(HbA1C)的达标率较对照组更高(P0.05);两组患者肠道双歧杆菌数量与胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)水平分别较前明显上升和下降,且观察组变化更显著(P0.05)。结论双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊制剂辅助治疗新诊断T2DM不仅能增加患者肠道双歧杆菌的数量,而且能改善胰岛素抵抗,有利于血糖和糖化血红蛋白达标。     

母乳和新生儿粪便细菌与母乳性黄疸的相关性分析

目的探讨母乳和新生儿粪便细菌与母乳性黄疸(BMJ)的相关性。方法以BMJ患儿为研究对象,并与健康新生儿对照。RT-PCR法检测母乳和新生儿粪便中细菌含量,比较BMJ组和对照组细菌含量的差别,分析血总胆红素与细菌含量的相关性。结果 (1)BMJ组母乳和新生儿粪便中青春双歧杆菌、两歧双歧杆菌和长双歧杆菌浓度显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.01);(2)母乳两歧双歧杆菌与血清TSB显著负相关(r=-534,P=0.000);新生儿粪便青春双歧杆菌(r=-0.675,P=0.000)、两歧双歧杆菌(r=-0.598,P=0.000)和长双歧杆菌(r=-0.472,P=0.000)与血清TSB显著负相关。结论母乳中双歧杆菌含量下降可能与新生儿BMJ相关。     

双歧杆菌三联活菌及常规疗法在老年2型糖尿病中的应用观察

目的探讨双歧杆菌三联活菌及常规疗法在老年2型糖尿病中的应用效果。方法选取2017年3月-2019年12月我院老年T2DM患者118例,依据简单随机数字表法分为研究组与对照组,各59例。对照组采取常规治疗,研究组在对照组基础上采取双歧杆菌三联活菌治疗。检测两组治疗前后血糖指标[空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(2h PG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)]水平、胰岛功能指标[胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA IR)、胰岛β细胞功能指数(HOMA β)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、餐后2 h胰岛素(PINS)]、微炎症状态指标[白介素 1β(IL 1β)、肿瘤坏死因子 α(TNF α)、高敏C 反应蛋白(hs CRP)]、肠道菌群(肠杆菌、酵母菌、乳杆菌、拟杆菌、双歧杆菌)、丙二醛(MDA)、8 异前列腺素F2α(8 iso PGF2α)和不良反应。结果治疗后研究组FPG、2h PG、HbA1c水平低于对照组(P<0.05),HOMA β、FINS、PINS水平高于对照组,HOMA IR水平低于对照组(P<0.05),血清IL 1β、TNF α、hs CRP水平低于对照组(P<0.05),拟杆菌、乳杆菌、双歧杆菌数量高于对照组,酵母菌、肠杆菌数量低于对照组(P<0.05);MDA、8 iso PGF2α水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组不良反应发生率(10.17%)与对照组(6.78%)差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论双歧杆菌三联活菌辅助常规疗法治疗老年T2DM,可改善患者肠道菌群构成,降低血糖水平,改善胰岛β细胞功能,提高胰岛素敏感性,减轻机体微炎症状态,抑制氧化应激反应,安全可靠。     

胃转流术对2型糖尿病患者近期肠道菌群的影响

目的研究2型糖尿病患者行胃转流术前后肠道菌群是否发生变化。方法收集30例2型糖尿病患者术前和术后粪便,测肠道菌群,以25例健康志愿者的粪便为对照组。结果 2型糖尿病患者的肠杆菌较健康人增多,双歧杆菌较正常人减少,胃转流术后双歧杆菌增加,肠杆菌减少。结论 2型糖尿病患者出现肠道菌群失调,胃转流术后控制了血糖,双歧杆菌数量增加。     

维吾尔族新发2型糖尿病患者肠道 乳杆菌属和多形拟杆菌的定量研究

目的定量研究维吾尔族新发2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者和糖耐量正常(NGT)人群肠道中乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus genus)和多形拟杆菌(Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron)的相对水平。方法严格按照纳入标准、排除标准收集维吾尔族新发T2DM患者96例,NGT 98例。提取所有研究对象的粪便细菌总DNA后,采用16SrDNA基因实时荧光定量PCR(Real-time PCR)对乳杆菌属和多形拟杆菌的水平进行定量检测;运用Pearson相关性分析乳杆菌属与研究对象的BMI、腰围、臀围、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、空腹血糖(FBG)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)的相关性。结果 16SrDNA基因Real-time PCR结果显示:(1)与新疆维吾尔族NGT组相比,乳杆菌属水平在新发T2DM中较低,差异有统计学意义(t=8.557,P=0.000)。但是多形拟杆菌在两组差异无统计学意义(t=0.524,P=0.601);(2)新疆维吾尔族上述人群肠道中乳杆菌属水平与FBG呈负相关(r=-0.334,P=0.000),腰围呈负相关(r=-0.170,P=0.018),TC呈负相关(r=-0.178,P=0.013),TG呈负相关(r=-0.157,P=0.030),收缩压呈负相关(r=-0.255,P=0.000)。结论 Lactobacillus genus水平在肠道中降低可能与2型糖尿病的发病,血糖和血脂代谢有关,其机制需进一步研究探讨。     

多形拟杆菌对糖尿病模型小鼠的影响

目的研究多形拟杆菌(BT)干预糖尿病模型小鼠后对血糖、体重和C肽的影响。方法 (1)用四氧嘧啶(200 mg/kg腹腔注射)制备糖尿病模型小鼠,并分成四组:空白组(n=10)、空白给菌组(n=10)、四氧嘧啶糖尿病模型组(n=11)和模型给菌组(n=11),15 d。(2)BHI血琼脂培养基培养ATCC 29148标准菌株,比浊法测定混悬菌液数量。(3)用多形拟杆菌菌液干预空白给菌组和模型给菌组小鼠,观察15 d中四组小鼠的体重、空腹血糖水平的变化;实时荧光定量PCR测定小鼠肠道内多形拟杆菌的数量;运用酶联免疫法(ELISA)测定血清中C肽的水平。结果 (1)给予菌悬液后,空白给菌组与空白组相比,BT在第3天就可以定植并维持到第15天。与模型组相比,模型给菌组在第15天时可以定植;(2)线性回归相关性分析显示,肠道内多形拟杆菌与体重呈负性相关(r=-0.70,P0.05);与空腹血糖(FPG)呈正性相关(r=0.71,P0.05);与C肽呈负性相关(r=-0.62,P0.05);与胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)呈正性相关(r=0.55,P0.05);与胰岛素分泌指数(HOMA-IS)呈负性相关(r=-0.43,P0.05)。结论 (1)外源性灌胃给予多形拟杆菌可以在肠道内定植。(2)肠道内多形拟杆菌的数量变化与糖尿病有相关性。     

老年房颤患者肠道菌群变化及其影响因素

目的探讨老年房颤患者肠道菌群变化及影响菌群变化的相关因素。方法回顾性收集20例老年房颤患者作为房颤组,并选取性别、年龄与患者匹配的30例老年健康体检者作为对照组,分析两组对象肠道优势菌的特点。同时收集房颤组患者C反应蛋白(CRP)、总胆汁酸(TBA)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、B型纳尿肽(BNP)、左室射血分数数值(LVEF)等检测结果,分析上述因素与肠道优势菌群的关系。结果房颤组患者直肠真杆菌数量为(4.66±1.62)lg copies/g粪便,低于对照组的(6.10±1.44)lg copies/g粪便,差异有统计学意义(t=-3.286,P=0.002)。房颤组患者肠道普拉梭菌、肠球菌、类杆菌、乳杆菌、双歧杆菌、柔嫩梭菌、酪酸梭菌、Atopobium cluster(Ato)、肠杆菌数量及双歧杆菌/肠杆菌(B/E)值与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(均P0.05)。在房颤组中,CRP升高患者肠道双歧杆菌数量和B/E值显著高于CRP正常患者,CRP升高与双歧杆菌数量呈正相关(r=0.651,P=0.002);Hcy升高患者肠道肠杆菌数量显著高于Hcy正常患者,Hcy升高与肠杆菌数量呈正相关(r=0.567,P=0.009)。BNP、TBA、LVEF与优势菌群无显著相关性。结论老年房颤患者存在肠道菌群失调。CRP、Hcy和老年房颤患者肠道菌群具有一定的相关性。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细