酪酸梭菌-双歧杆菌二联活菌制剂对慢性腹泻患者肠道菌群的影响

给慢性腹泻病人口服酪酸梭菌-双歧杆菌二联活菌制剂,然后检测患者服药前后的肠道菌群变化.患者服用药品后,葡萄球菌、酵母菌、消化球菌、真杆菌和小梭菌的数量无明显变化,肠杆菌、肠球菌的数量明显减少,拟杆菌、双歧杆菌、乳杆菌的数量明显增加,其中肠球菌、肠杆菌、拟杆菌和双歧杆菌的变化有显著性(P﹤0.05),提示酪酸梭菌-双歧杆菌二联活菌制剂对慢性腹泻病人的肠道菌群具有明显的影响、具有增殖拟杆菌、双歧杆菌和乳杆菌的作用.     

脑梗死患者肠道菌群特征及其与血清代谢标志物水平的相关性

目的探究脑梗死患者肠道菌群特征,分析其与血清代谢标志物水平的相关性。方法对2018年1月至2018年8月间于我院就诊的43例急性脑梗死患者(脑梗死组)和43例健康体检者(对照组)的肠道菌群特征进行检测,采用16S rDNA实时荧光定量PCR技术对两组患者肠道菌群进行测定、分析,并对两组患者血清代谢标志物(血肌酐、尿素氮、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白及超敏C反应蛋白)水平进行比较,应用Pearson相关系数模型探究患者肠道菌群特征与常用血清代谢标志物水平的相关性。结果脑梗死组患者的空腹血糖、HbA1c、TC、TG、LDL-C和hs-CRP水平显著高于对照组,HDL-C水平显著低于对照组(Ps0.05)。16S rDNA分析结果显示,兼性厌氧菌是肠道的主要菌群,专性厌氧菌其次,需氧菌的比例最小。脑梗死组患者肠道主要优势菌为链球菌、大肠埃希菌和葡萄球菌,而对照组患者为双歧杆菌、乳杆菌等。脑梗死组患者肠道艰难梭菌、肠球菌、链球菌和葡萄球菌水平明显高于对照组(Ps0.05),双歧杆菌、奇异菌和乳杆菌水平明显低于对照组(Ps0.05)。Pearson相关性分析显示,奇异菌和罗伊乳杆菌水平与HbA1c水平呈明显负相关(r=-0.225,-0.348,Ps0.05),植物乳杆菌数量与TC水平呈明显负相关(r=-0.177,P=0.019),双歧杆菌与TG和LDL-C水平呈明显负相关(r=-0.214,-0.305,Ps0.05),艰难梭菌和葡萄球菌分别与LDL-C和hs-CRP呈明显正相关(r=0.375,0.213,Ps0.05)。结论脑梗死患者与健康人群肠道菌群存在明显差异,其中双歧杆菌、乳杆菌及奇异菌水平与糖、脂代谢指标呈负相关,艰难梭菌和葡萄球菌与低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和超敏C反应蛋白呈明显正相关。     

老年房颤患者肠道菌群变化及其影响因素

目的探讨老年房颤患者肠道菌群变化及影响菌群变化的相关因素。方法回顾性收集20例老年房颤患者作为房颤组,并选取性别、年龄与患者匹配的30例老年健康体检者作为对照组,分析两组对象肠道优势菌的特点。同时收集房颤组患者C反应蛋白(CRP)、总胆汁酸(TBA)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、B型纳尿肽(BNP)、左室射血分数数值(LVEF)等检测结果,分析上述因素与肠道优势菌群的关系。结果房颤组患者直肠真杆菌数量为(4.66±1.62)lg copies/g粪便,低于对照组的(6.10±1.44)lg copies/g粪便,差异有统计学意义(t=-3.286,P=0.002)。房颤组患者肠道普拉梭菌、肠球菌、类杆菌、乳杆菌、双歧杆菌、柔嫩梭菌、酪酸梭菌、Atopobium cluster(Ato)、肠杆菌数量及双歧杆菌/肠杆菌(B/E)值与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(均P0.05)。在房颤组中,CRP升高患者肠道双歧杆菌数量和B/E值显著高于CRP正常患者,CRP升高与双歧杆菌数量呈正相关(r=0.651,P=0.002);Hcy升高患者肠道肠杆菌数量显著高于Hcy正常患者,Hcy升高与肠杆菌数量呈正相关(r=0.567,P=0.009)。BNP、TBA、LVEF与优势菌群无显著相关性。结论老年房颤患者存在肠道菌群失调。CRP、Hcy和老年房颤患者肠道菌群具有一定的相关性。     

双歧杆菌制剂对肿瘤化疗患者肠道菌群影响的Meta分析

目的 探讨双歧杆菌制剂对肿瘤化疗患者肠道菌群的影响。方法 通过检索PubMed、Embase、The Cochrane Library、Web of Science以及CBM、CNKI、WanFang Data和VIP数据库,收集各数据库从建库至2022年7月发表的所有关于肿瘤化疗患者应用双歧杆菌制剂的随机对照试验,由2名研究者独立筛选文献,按照系统评价的要求对文献质量进行评估,使用Revman 5.4和Stata 17.0统计学软件进行Meta分析。结果 共纳入25篇文献（2 152例患者）,Meta分析结果显示,双歧杆菌制剂组患者肠道中双歧杆菌和乳杆菌的数量高于对照组[SMD=2.89, 95%CI(2.28, 3.49), P<0.001; SMD=2.20, 95%CI(1.57, 2.84),P<0.001],双歧杆菌制剂组患者肠道中大肠埃希菌、肠杆菌和肠球菌的数量低于对照组[SMD=-1.08,95%CI（-1.64,-0.52）, P<0.001; SMD=-0.88, 95%CI（-1.58,-0.17）, P=0.010; SMD=-0.98, 95...     

老年2型糖尿病患者 肠道双歧杆菌生长与血糖相关性

目的探讨老年2型糖尿病患者肠道双歧杆菌生长与血糖的相关性,从肠道菌群角度为2型糖尿病的防治与研究提供新的途径。方法根据纳入和排除标准,抽取2015年4月-10月福建某三甲医院糖尿病健康教育俱乐部的2型糖尿病患者90例,收集其粪便和血液标本,检测患者肠道双歧杆菌以及血糖状况,采用Spearman等级相关法分析两者之间的相关性。结果老年2型糖尿病患者肠道长双歧杆菌、短双歧杆菌、青春双歧杆菌、婴儿双歧杆菌和双歧杆菌总菌的定量结果分别是(0.0001±0.0006)、(4.405±8.475)、(4.752±2.779)、(0.003±0.005)和(8.069±8.206)logN/g。空腹血糖和早餐餐后血糖分别为(8.638±1.913)、(9.763±1.910)mmol/L。相关分析显示:青春双歧杆菌和婴儿双歧杆菌与早餐后2h血糖呈现负相关(r=-0.213、-0.217,P0.05),但相关性不显著;双歧杆菌总菌与空腹血糖和早餐后2h血糖有负相关关系(r=-0.302、-0.559,P0.01)。结论老年2型糖尿病患者肠道内双歧杆菌数量减少,血糖与肠道双歧杆菌的数量呈负相关,尤其是早餐后2h血糖,其相关机制有待进一步研究。     

益生菌制剂对脑卒中患者肠道菌群及肠道功能影响的Meta分析

目的探讨益生菌制剂对脑卒中患者肠道菌群及肠道功能的影响。方法通过检索PubMed、EMbase、Cochrane Library、CNKI、维普和万方数据库,收集各数据库从建库至2020年3月发表的所有关于脑卒中患者应用益生菌制剂的随机对照试验,由2名研究者独立筛选文献,按照系统评价的要求对文献质量进行评估,使用RevMan 5.3和Stata 14.0统计软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入19篇文献(1 528例患者),Meta分析结果显示,2组患者肠道中肠球菌的数量差异没有统计学意义[SMD=-0.74,95%CI(-1.64,0.17),P=0.110],而益生菌组患者肠道中大肠埃希菌的数量低于对照组[SMD=-1.27,95%CI(-1.81,-0.73),P0.001];益生菌组患者肠道中乳杆菌和双歧杆菌数量高于对照组[SMD=1.50,95%CI(0.96,2.03),P0.001;SMD=1.66,95%CI(1.16,2.15),P0.001]。益生菌组患者血清中二胺氧化酶(DAO)和D-乳酸水平低于对照组[SMD=-1.76,95%CI(-2.39,-1.13),P0.001;SMD=-2.21,95%CI(-2.92,-1.51),P0.001];益生菌组患者粪便中分泌型免疫球蛋白A(sIgA)的量高于对照组[SMD=1.76,95%CI(0.84,2.68),P0.001]。结论在肠内营养的基础上添加益生菌制剂对脑卒中患者进行营养治疗,能够有效调节患者肠道菌群,改善患者的肠道功能。     

肠道菌群与溃疡性结肠炎患者血清ET、SOCS-3、TLRs水平的相关性

目的探究肠道菌群改变与溃疡性结肠炎(UC)患者血清内毒素(ET)、外周血细胞因子信号传导抑制蛋白-3(SOCS-3)及Toll样受体(TLRs)水平的相关性,为后续研究提供参考。方法选择我院2018年1月至2019年2月收治的75例UC患者按照入组时疾病状态分为活动期组(39例)和缓解期组(36例)。选择同期40例健康体检者作为对照组。检测患者粪便样品中肠道菌群种类和数量,并检测患者血清中ET、SOCS-3、TLRs水平。结果活动期组、缓解期组及对照组患者肠道拟杆菌、双歧杆菌、真杆菌、消化球菌、乳杆菌、小梭菌、肠球菌及肠杆菌数量存在明显差异,其中活动期组患者肠道拟杆菌、双歧杆菌、真杆菌、消化球菌及乳杆菌数量最低,小梭菌、肠球菌及肠杆菌数量最高(均P0.05)。3组患者血清ET、SOCS-3、TLR-4水平存在明显差异,其中活动期组患者血清ET[(0.13±0.02)EU/mL]及TLR-4[(13.91±2.18)ng/mL]水平最高,SOCS-3[(33.82±9.18)mg/mL]水平最低(均P0.05)。肠道中拟杆菌、真杆菌、消化球菌、乳杆菌及双歧杆菌水平是影响患者ET及TLR-4的独立保护因素且为影响SOCS-3的独立危险因素(均P0.05)。小梭菌、肠球菌及肠杆菌水平是影响患者ET及TLR-4的独立危险因素且为影响SOCS-3的独立保护因素(均P0.05)。结论活动期UC患者肠道菌群及ET、SOCS-3、TLRs水平均存在显著异常,肠道菌群改变是影响UC患者血清ET、SOCS-3、TLRs水平的独立影响因素。     

肠道菌群分析及粪便炎性标志物检测在 炎症性肠病活动度评估中的作用

目的探讨肠道菌群和粪便炎性标志物在炎症性肠病(IBD)活动度评估中的临床价值。方法共纳入120例IBD患者为研究组,其中溃疡性结肠炎(UC)患者68例,克罗恩病(CD)患者52例。选择30例经结肠镜检查正常的健康体检者为对照组。采集全部研究对象的新鲜粪便标本进行粪便细菌培养及炎性标志物检测,比较不同疾病活动度IBD患者的肠道菌群及粪便钙卫蛋白(FC)、乳铁蛋白(LF)、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)、髓过氧化酶(MPO)水平的变化。结果与对照组比,UC和CD患者肠道中肠杆菌、肠球菌、拟杆菌、消化球菌及酵母菌数量均明显增加(P0.05),双歧杆菌、乳杆菌及真杆菌数量明显减少(P0.05)。UC患者梭菌数量较对照组增加(P0.05),CD患者梭菌数量较对照组减少(P0.05)。UC、CD活动期患者肠杆菌、肠球菌、拟杆菌、消化球菌及酵母菌数量明显多于缓解期患者(P0.05),双歧杆菌、乳杆菌及真杆菌数量明显少于缓解期患者(P0.05),且重度活动期患者肠道菌群改变较轻、中度活动期改变更明显(P0.05)。UC活动期患者梭菌数量明显多于缓解期(P0.05),CD活动期患者梭菌数量明显少于缓解期(P0.05)。UC和CD患者粪便中FC、LF、MMP-9及MPO水平均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。UC、CD活动期患者FC、LF、MMP-9及MPO水平显著高于缓解期患者(P0.05),且重度活动期患者高于轻、中度活动期患者(P0.05)。结论肠道菌群变化和粪便中FC、LF、MMP-9及MPO水平可作为IBD患者疾病活动性评估的辅助指标。     

慢性肾病患者肠道菌群特征及与 微炎症因子水平的相关性

目的 探究慢性肾病(CKD)患者肠道菌群特征及与微炎症因子水平的相关性。方法 选取2018年6月至2018年12月在莆田学院附属医院诊断及治疗的CKD患者25例(CKD组)和健康体检者25例(对照组),对两组研究对象进行肠道微生物检测,同时比较两组研究对象炎症因子水平,应用Pearson模型探究患者肠道微生态特征与炎症因子水平的相关性。结果 CKD组与对照组研究对象的肠道菌群构成具有显著差异,其中对照组双歧杆菌、乳杆菌、产甲酸草酸杆菌、草酸杆菌属、草酸杆菌科和普拉梭菌相对丰度高于CKD组,CKD组克雷伯菌属、大肠埃希菌属、肠杆菌科、瘤胃菌科、毛螺菌科、梭杆菌属和拟杆菌目相对丰度高于对照组,CKD组患者的IL-6、TNF-α、CRP和LPa水平显著高于对照组(t=3.876、4.177、2.236、3.354,P=0.000、0.000、0.030、0.002),Pearson相关性分析显示,双歧杆菌与IL-6、TNF-α水平呈明显负相关(r=-0.272、-0.482,P=0.009、0.002),乳杆菌与IL-6、LPa水平呈明显负相关(r=-0.438、-0.384,P=0.005、0.014),普拉梭菌与TNF-α水平呈明显负相关(r=-0.407,P=0.009),瘤胃菌科与IL-6、CRP水平呈明显正相关(r=0.477、0.508,P=0.002、0.001)。结论 CKD患者肠道菌群与健康人群存在明显差异,其中益生菌水平与炎症因子呈负相关,瘤胃菌科与炎症因子呈明显的正相关。     

双歧杆菌四联活菌片 对重症脑卒中患者肠道功能的影响

目的探讨双歧杆菌四联活菌片对重症脑卒中患者肠道菌群及肠黏膜屏障功能的影响。方法选择重庆市人民医院2017年1月至2017年11月收治的100例重症脑卒中患者,随机将入选患者分为治疗组和对照组各50例。治疗组在常规肠内营养(EN)治疗基础上联用双歧杆菌四联活菌片治疗,对照组给予常规EN治疗。比较两组患者治疗前后营养状况、肠道菌群数量和肠黏膜屏障功能。比较两组患者治疗后消化道并发症发生率。结果治疗前,两组患者营养状况、肠道菌群数量和肠黏膜屏障功能差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者营养状况指标白蛋白(ALB)、血红蛋白(Hb)和三头肌肌围(MAMC)水平,肠道有益菌(双歧杆菌、乳杆菌和拟杆菌)数量均有所上升,肠黏膜屏障功能指标二胺氧化酶(DAO)、D-乳酸水平及肠道有害菌数量(小梭菌和肠球菌)均降低。与对照组相比,治疗组患者ALB、Hb和MAMC水平,肠道双歧杆菌、乳杆菌和拟杆菌数量均显著升高,DAO、D-乳酸水平和小梭菌、肠球菌数量均显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗组患者消化道并发症发生率均低于对照组(P0.05)。结论双歧杆菌四联活菌片能够显著改善脑卒中患者的营养状况,有效调节菌群失衡,改善肠黏膜屏障功能,降低并发症发生。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.