双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊辅助治疗对新诊断2型糖尿病患者β细胞功能及胰岛素抵抗的影响

目的探讨双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊辅助治疗对新诊断2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者β细胞功能及胰岛素抵抗的影响。方法选取128例新诊断T2DM患者,随机分为研究组和对照组。两组患者均按照相同要求进行饮食控制和运动干预。对照组患者予以阿卡波糖联合甘精胰岛素控制血糖治疗;研究组患者在对照组治疗基础上加用双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊420mg/次,3次/d,温水口服,两组患者均连用12周。观察并比较两组患者治疗前和治疗12周后糖代谢指标、β细胞功能及胰岛素抵抗的变化。结果治疗12周后,两组患者空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2h血糖(2hPG)和糖化血红蛋白(HbA1C)较前明显下降(P0.05或P0.01),且研究组下降值较对照组更明显(P0.05);同时两组患者HOMA-β较前明显上升,HOMA-IR较前明显下降,且研究组上升或下降值较对照组更明显(P0.05)。结论双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊辅助治疗新诊断T2DM患者可改善其β细胞功能,缓解胰岛素抵抗,提高胰岛素敏感性,从而改善糖代谢功能,有利于血糖稳定,使糖化血红蛋白达标。     

双歧杆菌四联活菌片对血糖控制欠理想2型糖尿病患者 肠道菌群及胰岛β细胞功能的影响

目的探讨双歧杆菌四联活菌片对血糖控制欠理想2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者肠道菌群及胰岛β细胞功能的影响。方法选取2016年3月至2017年3月在我院内科门诊治疗的血糖控制欠理想T2DM患者94例,随机分为观察组和对照组,各47例。两组患者均予以调整饮食、适量运动及控制血糖等治疗。观察组患者加用双歧杆菌四联活菌片1.5g/次,3次/d,温水送服,连用10周。观察并记录两组患者治疗前与治疗10周后血糖控制情况、肠道菌群和β细胞功能的变化。结果治疗10周后,两组患者FBG、2hPG和HbA1C均有不同程度下降(P0.05或P0.01),且观察组患者变化幅度更大(P0.05);同时两组患者肠道乳杆菌和双歧杆菌数量增加,大肠埃希菌数量减少(P0.05和P0.01),且观察组变化幅度更大(P0.05);两组患者HOMA-β水平均有不同程度上升,且观察组变化幅度亦大于对照组(P0.05)。结论血糖控制欠理想T2DM患者予以双歧杆菌四联活菌片治疗不仅可促进胰岛β细胞功能的恢复,而且能纠正肠道菌群失调,恢复肠道微生态平衡,改善糖代谢功能,有利于血糖及糖化血红蛋白的控制。     

双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊辅助治疗对2型糖尿病患者血糖波动及脂质过氧化损伤的影响

目的探讨双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊辅助治疗对2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血糖波动及脂质过氧化损伤的影响,为该类患者的治疗提供参考。方法选取2019年1月至8月我院内科门诊治疗的84例T2DM患者,随机分为观察组和对照组各42例。两组患者均给予饮食控制和适当运动锻炼等基础治疗。对照组患者给予甘精胰岛素与阿卡波糖控制血糖。观察组患者在对照组基础加用双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊630 mg/次,2次/d,温开水服用。两组患者连用12周。观察两组患者治疗前后血糖波动指标[日平均血糖波动幅度(MAGE)、血糖标准差(SDBG)和最大血糖波动幅度(LAGE)]及脂质过氧化指标[谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)、脂质过氧化氢(LHP)、活性氧类物质(ROS)和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)]水平的变化。结果治疗12周后,两组患者血清MAGE、SDBG和LAGE水平较治疗前明显下降,且观察组下降幅度大于对照组(均P0.05);同时两组患者血清GSH-PX和T-AOC水平较治疗前显著上升,血清LHP和ROS水平均较治疗前显著下降,且观察组变化幅度大于对照组(均P0.05)。结论双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊辅助治疗T2DM患者可改善其糖代谢指标水平,减少血糖波动程度,机制可能与其能减轻脂质过氧化损伤相关。     

双歧杆菌三联活菌及常规疗法在老年2型糖尿病中的应用观察

目的探讨双歧杆菌三联活菌及常规疗法在老年2型糖尿病中的应用效果。方法选取2017年3月-2019年12月我院老年T2DM患者118例,依据简单随机数字表法分为研究组与对照组,各59例。对照组采取常规治疗,研究组在对照组基础上采取双歧杆菌三联活菌治疗。检测两组治疗前后血糖指标[空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(2h PG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)]水平、胰岛功能指标[胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA IR)、胰岛β细胞功能指数(HOMA β)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、餐后2 h胰岛素(PINS)]、微炎症状态指标[白介素 1β(IL 1β)、肿瘤坏死因子 α(TNF α)、高敏C 反应蛋白(hs CRP)]、肠道菌群(肠杆菌、酵母菌、乳杆菌、拟杆菌、双歧杆菌)、丙二醛(MDA)、8 异前列腺素F2α(8 iso PGF2α)和不良反应。结果治疗后研究组FPG、2h PG、HbA1c水平低于对照组(P<0.05),HOMA β、FINS、PINS水平高于对照组,HOMA IR水平低于对照组(P<0.05),血清IL 1β、TNF α、hs CRP水平低于对照组(P<0.05),拟杆菌、乳杆菌、双歧杆菌数量高于对照组,酵母菌、肠杆菌数量低于对照组(P<0.05);MDA、8 iso PGF2α水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组不良反应发生率(10.17%)与对照组(6.78%)差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论双歧杆菌三联活菌辅助常规疗法治疗老年T2DM,可改善患者肠道菌群构成,降低血糖水平,改善胰岛β细胞功能,提高胰岛素敏感性,减轻机体微炎症状态,抑制氧化应激反应,安全可靠。     

双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊对胆囊切除术后腹泻患者肠道菌群及sIgA水平的影响

目的探讨双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊对胆囊切除术后腹泻患者肠道菌群及sIgA水平的影响。方法选取胆囊切除术后腹泻患者68例,分为观察组和对照组。两组患者均予以低脂饮食和止泻药等常规治疗。观察组患者予以口服双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊420 mg,3次/d,连用4周。对照组除不口服双歧三联活菌肠溶胶囊外余治疗基本同观察组。观察两组患者治疗前后肠道菌群和sIgA水平的变化,并比较其临床疗效。结果治疗4周后,观察组患者双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌数量较前明显上升,肠杆菌和肠球菌较前明显减少（P〈0.05）,而对照组治疗前后肠道菌群数量均无明显变化（P〉0.05）;两组患者肠道sIgA水平较前明显上升（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,且观察组上升值明显大于对照组（P〈0.05）;同时观察组患者临床总有效率明显高于对照组（χ2=5.31,P〈0.05）。结论双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊治疗胆囊切除术后腹泻的疗效确切,能调节患者肠道菌群失调,从而重建肠道微生态平衡,提高肠道免疫力,改善和保护肠道功能。     

曲美布汀联合双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊对功能性消化不良重叠IBS-D患者肠道的影响

目的探讨曲美布汀联合双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊对功能性消化不良(FD)重叠腹泻型肠易激综合征(IBS-D)患者肠道微生态的影响。方法选取90例FD重叠IBS-D患者,随机分为观察组和对照组各45例。两组患者均予以曲美布汀片100mg/次,3次/d,口服;观察组在对照组基础上加用双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊630mg/次,2次/d,餐后约30min温水服用,两组患者均连用8周。观察两组患者治疗前后肠道菌群的变化,并比较其临床效果及不良反应。结果治疗8周后,观察组患者粪便中双歧杆菌和乳杆菌数量增加,而肠杆菌、肠球菌和酵母菌数量下降(P<0.05)。对照组患者粪便中这5种菌的数量治疗前后无明显变化(P>0.05)。治疗8周后,观察组患者总有效率高于对照组(χ~2=4.05,P<0.05)。观察组和对照组患者治疗中分别出现不良反应6例(13.33%)和8例(17.78%),症状均较轻微,两组比较差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.34,P>0.05)。结论曲美布汀联合双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊治疗FD重叠IBS-D患者疗效较肯定,安全性较高,其作用机制可能是通过调节肠道菌群,重建肠道微生态平衡,从而改善其消化不良及腹泻症状。     

亚临床肝性脑病患者肠道菌群和血清炎症因子水平变化及益生菌的干预作用

目的探讨亚临床肝性脑病(SHE)患者肠道菌群及血清炎症因子水平的变化及益生菌对该病的干预作用。方法选取2015年1月至2018年10月在我院就诊的40例SHE患者为观察组。选择同期我院体检中心检查无明显肝胆胃肠道病变和急慢性炎症性疾病的30例健康者为对照组。观察组患者在低盐饮食和护肝降转氨酶基础上加用双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊630 mg/次,2次/d,温开水送服,连用6周。观察两组对象肠道菌群数量及血清炎症因子水平的变化。结果观察组患者治疗前肠道双歧杆菌和乳杆菌的数量少于对照组,而大肠埃希菌数量多于对照组(均P0.05)。治疗6周后,观察组患者肠道双歧杆菌和乳杆菌的数量较治疗前明显上升,而大肠埃希菌数量较治疗前明显下降(均P0.05);同时观察组患者治疗前血清IL-6和TNF-α水平高于对照组,IL-10水平低于对照组(均P0.05)。治疗6周后,观察组患者血清IL-6和TNF-α水平较治疗前明显下降,而IL-10水平较治疗前明显上升(均P0.05)。结论双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊能调节SHE患者肠道菌群紊乱,重建肠道菌群屏障,同时能调节患者血清炎症因子水平,控制局部炎症反应。     

溃疡性结肠炎患者肠道菌群和肠黏膜屏障的变化及益生菌的干预作用

目的探讨溃疡性结肠炎(UC)患者肠道菌群和肠黏膜屏障的变化及益生菌的干预作用。方法选取2014年1月-2017年12月内科门诊就诊活动期UC患者50例为观察组,予以双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊2粒/次(210mg/粒),饭后30min温水送服,2次/d,连用8周。检测观察组治疗前与治疗后肠道菌群数量及肠黏膜屏障指标的变化。另选择同期肠镜检查未见肠道病变的正常成人30例为对照组。结果观察组患者治疗前双歧杆菌和乳杆菌的数量明显少于对照组,而大肠杆菌数量明显多于对照组(Ps0.05)。治疗8周后,观察组患者双歧杆菌和乳杆菌的数量较治疗前明显上升(Ps0.05),但仍明显低于对照组(Ps0.05);而大肠杆菌数量较前明显下降(Ps0.05),但仍明显高于对照组(Ps0.05)。同时观察组患者治疗前血清ET、D-乳酸和PCT水平明显高于对照组(Ps0.05)。治疗8周后,血清ET、D-乳酸和PCT水平较治疗前明显下降(Ps0.05),但仍明显高于对照组(Ps0.05)。结论双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊治疗活动性UC能纠正患者肠道菌群紊乱,修复肠黏膜屏障。     

双歧三联活菌胶囊联合美沙拉嗪对 溃疡性结肠炎患者肠道微生态影响

目的探讨双歧三联活菌胶囊联合美沙拉嗪肠溶片对溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis,UC)患者肠道微生态的影响。方法选取2015年1月至2017年4月我院内科门诊治疗的活动期轻中度UC患者78例,随机分为观察组和对照组。两组均给予口服美沙拉嗪肠溶片1.0 g/次,4次/d。观察组在此基础上加以双歧三联活菌胶囊420 mg/次,3次/d,口服,两组均连用8周。比较两组治疗前后肠道菌群中乳杆菌、双歧杆菌、大肠埃希菌数量的变化和双歧杆菌(B)与大肠埃希菌(E)的比值变化,并评估两组治疗后临床效果。结果治疗前两组乳杆菌、双歧杆菌与大肠埃希菌及B/E比值比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗8周后,两组双歧杆菌、乳杆菌数量及B/E比值明显上升(P0.01),大肠埃希菌数量下降(P0.05),但观察组变化幅度更大(P0.05),且总有效率较对照组更高(χ2=4.13,P0.05)。结论双歧三联活菌胶囊联合美沙拉嗪肠溶片可治疗UC,能调节肠道菌群紊乱,重建肠道微生态平衡。     

马来酸曲美布汀联合双歧三联活菌胶囊对糖尿病性腹泻患者肠道菌群的影响及疗效观察

目的探讨马来酸曲美布汀联合双歧三联活菌胶囊对糖尿病性腹泻(DD)患者肠道菌群的影响及疗效。方法将86例DD患者随机分为观察组和对照组。两组患者均予以饮食调整、控制血糖和胃肠解痉药等基础治疗。观察组予以双歧三联活菌胶囊(420mg,3次/d,温开水送服)联合马来酸曲美布汀(200mg,3次/d,口服)治疗,对照组予以单用的双歧三联活菌胶囊治疗,两组患者均连用8周。观察并比较两组患者治疗前后肠道菌群数量的变化,比较其临床疗效及药物不良反应。结果治疗8周后,两组患者双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌数量均较前增加,肠杆菌、肠球菌和酵母菌数量较前减少(P0.05),且观察组变化更明显(P0.05);同时观察组患者临床总有效率(94.74%)较对照组(78.95%)更佳(χ2=4.15,P0.05)。观察组患者治疗中发生不良反应3例,对照组发生1例,症状较轻,两组比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.26,P0.05)。结论双歧三联活菌胶囊联合马来酸曲美布汀治疗DD的疗效确切,安全性较佳,能有效缓解其腹泻症状,作用机制与其能纠正肠道菌群紊乱密切相关。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.