绝经女性冠状动脉钙化积分与踝臂指数的相关性研究

目的:研究绝经女性中冠脉钙化积分(CACS)与踝臂指数(ABI)之间的相关性。方法:从1918名社区人群筛选出608名无冠心病病史并可以进行CACS检查的绝经女性为样本,对其进行标准化问卷调查、实验室指标检测、ABI及CACS测量。根据CACS将研究对象分为钙化阴性组和钙化阳性组,并根据ABI结果分为五类:外周血管病组(ABI0.9)、临界ABI组(ABI:0.90-0.99)、低-正常ABI组(ABI:1.00-1.09)、正常ABI组(ABI:1.10-1.29)和高ABI组(ABI≥1.3),分析不同冠脉钙化程度与不同等级ABI的相关性。结果:研究人群中钙化阴性514例(84.5%),钙化阳性94例(15.5%)。其中钙化阳性组在年龄、高血压、收缩压、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白及糖尿病方面均高于钙化阴性组,同时绝经女性多数集中在低-正常ABI组和正常ABI组,分别为235例(38.7%)和313例(51.5%)。钙化阳性组存在外周血管病变和临界ABI状态者多(5.3%vs.0.8%,9.6%vs.6.4%),两组间差异有统计学意义(P0.001),并且Logistic回归发现,绝经女性年龄(OR=1.115,95%CI 1.060-1.174,P0.001)、高血压(OR=1.941,95%CI 1.107-3.402,P=0.021)、收缩压(OR=1.018,95%CI 1.003-1.034,P=0.020)、外周血管病变(ABI0.9)(OR=6.771,95%CI 1.483-30.923,P=0.014)是冠脉钙化的独立危险因素。高密度脂蛋白(OR=0.322,95%CI 0.104-0.994,P=0.049)则是防止冠脉钙化的有利因素。结论:绝经女性ABI降低与CACS相关,ABI可以作为一种评估冠脉钙化程度和心血管风险的有效手段为临床医生服务。     

绝经女性冠状动脉钙化积分与臂踝动脉脉搏波传导速度的相关性研究

目的:研究绝经女性中冠脉钙化积分(CACS)与臂踝动脉脉搏波传导速度(ba PWV)之间的相关性。方法:从1918名社区人群筛选出546名无冠心病病史并可以进行CACS检查的绝经女性为样本,对其进行标准化问卷调查、实验室指标检测、ba PWV及CACS测量。根据CACS将研究对象分为CACS=0组和CACS0组,并根据ba PWV四分位数进行分组,利用logistic回归分析冠脉钙化与ba PWV的相关性。结果:研究人群中CACS0组87例(15.9%),CACS=0组459例(84.1%)。其中CACS0组在年龄、BMI、高血压、收缩压、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白及糖尿病方面均高于CACS=0组。同时,CACS0组ba PWV比CACS=0组高(27.6%vs.24.2%,35.6%vs.23.1%),两组间差异有统计学意义(P=0.011),并且Logistic回归发现,绝经女性年龄(OR=1.094,95%CI 1.039-1.152,P0.001)、高血压(OR=1.933,95%CI 1.092-3.422,P=0.024)、ba PWV第三分位数(OR=2.435,95%CI1.141-5.196,P=0.021)、ba PWV第四分位数(OR=3.323,95%CI 1.594-6.930,P=0.001)是冠脉钙化的独立危险因素。结论:绝经女性ba PWV升高与CACS相关,ba PWV可以作为一种评估冠脉钙化程度和心血管风险的有效手段得以应用。     

哮喘儿童父母知识知晓率、用药依从性及影响因素分析

目的:了解哮喘儿童父母的对疾病知识的掌握情况以及儿童的服药依从情况和影响因素,为提高哮喘儿童的控制率提供参考依据。方法:选择2015年1月-2015年12月于上海市第十人民医院儿科门诊诊治的支气管哮喘儿童93例,调查其哮喘控制情况、哮喘服药依从性和父母基本情况与相关知识。依从性与知识知晓率的比较采用双向有序的检验,影响因素采用有序结果的累积优势Logistic回归分析。结果:本次调查93例哮喘儿童中,哮喘完全控制率为23.7%,儿童服药依从性好的比率为25.8%,哮喘儿童父母相关知识知晓率高的比率为25.8%,儿童哮喘控制率与服药依从性之间存在相关性(P=0.029),哮喘儿童服药依从性与哮喘儿童父母相关知识知晓率之间存在相关性(P=0.035)。哮喘儿童的服药依从性受到儿童性别(OR=1.153,95%CI:1.04-1.96)、家族史(OR=1.402,95%CI:1.20-2.33)、知识知晓率(OR=1.828,95%CI:1.05-3.17)和病程(OR=0.758,95%CI:0.35-0.97)等因素的影响(P0.05)。结论:哮喘儿童的服药依从性受到儿童性别、家族史、知识知晓率和病程等因素的影响,要充分发挥儿童父母的作用,从医院内干预逐渐进入家庭干预,通过对父母或者监护人的认知或用药知识的提高,切实提高哮喘儿童的用药依从性和哮喘的控制率。     

单胎妊娠早产胎膜早破呼吸窘迫综合征的危险因素分析

目的:探讨单胎妊娠早产胎膜早破发生新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(respiratory distress syndrome,RDS)的危险因素。方法:选择2017年5月至2019年5月在我院产科分娩的2810例产妇为研究对象,其中97例(3.45%)符合未足月胎膜早破(Preterm premature rupture of membranes,pPROM)标准,包括53例RDS。收集以下信息:PROM潜伏期、出生时胎龄、脐动脉搏动指数(Umbilical artery pulsatility index,UAPI)、大脑中动脉搏动指数(Middle cerebral artery pulsation index,MCAPI)、胎儿窘迫、产前使用类固醇、新生儿实验室参数、性别、体重、Apgar评分、分娩类型、妊娠高血压疾病、妊娠期糖耐量异常或糖尿病等信息,通过Logistic回归分析研究变量对RDS的影响。结果:Logistic回归分析结果显示,以下变量与RDS密切相关:新生儿性别女性(OR=0.517;95%CI:0.312-0.107;P=0.042),产前使用类固醇(OR=0.467;95%CI:0.355-0.698;P0.001),异常UAPI(OR=2.830;95%CI:1.783-6.234;P=0.002),异常MCA PI(OR=2.136;95%CI:1.120-4.017;P=0.032),胎儿窘迫(OR=2.420;95%CI:1.287-4.824;P=0.017),母体HGB(OR=0.689;95%CI:0.511-1.013;P=0.221),新生儿HGB(OR=0.752;95%CI:0.645-0.891;P0.001),新生儿RBC(OR=0.311;95%CI:0.201-0.565;P0.001)。结论:单胎妊娠早产胎膜早破发生RDS危险因素主要是性别、胎儿胎盘循环异常和胎儿窘迫。     

中国西北地区胃粘膜肠上皮化生危险因素调查

目的:明确中国西北地区人群胃粘膜肠上皮化生的危险因素。方法:通过病例对照研究,采用问卷调查表的形式,纳入了从2014年8月到2015年4月西京医院门诊就诊的具有胃镜检查报告单和/或胃粘膜病理检查报告单的患者。幽门螺杆菌的检测采用13C-/14C-尿素呼气试验或者快速尿素酶试验。结果:本研究共纳入了1800例患者,其中胃粘膜肠上皮化生患者261例。胃粘膜肠上皮化生的危险因素为年龄艹60岁(OR,2.317;95%CI 1.668-3.220;P0.001)、幽门螺杆菌感染(OR,2.911;95%CI2.339-3.623;P0.001)、吸烟(OR,2.322;95%CI 1.553-3.470;P0.001)、胃癌家族史(OR,2.229;95%CI 1.444-3.439;P0.001)、高盐饮食(OR,1.557;95%CI 1.118-2.168;P=0.009)、辛辣刺激饮食(OR,1.551;95%CI 1.121-2.147;P=0.008)、胆汁反流(OR,1.851;95%CI 1.135-3.021;P=0.014)。结论:我国西北地区胃粘膜肠上皮化生的危险因素为年龄艹60岁、幽门螺杆菌感染、吸烟、胃癌家族史、高盐饮食、辛辣饮食和胆汁反流。     

卵巢癌中结缔组织生长因子的表达及其临床病理意义

目的:探讨卵巢癌中结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)的表达及其与卵巢癌临床病理特征的关系。方法:采用免疫组化法检测116例卵巢癌和25例正常卵巢组织中CTGF表达,并分析其与卵巢癌临床病理参数的关系。结果:正常卵巢组织及卵巢癌中CTGF的阳性表达率分别96%(24/25)、65%(75/116),卵巢癌中CTGF的阳性表达率显著低于正常卵巢组织(P0.05)。CTGF的表达降低与卵巢癌患者的淋巴结转移、腹膜内转移及对化疗的敏感性显著相关(P0.05);进一步的多因素Logistic回归分析显示CTGF的表达与卵巢癌腹膜转移(P=0.006,OR=4.185,95%CI=1.447-11.352)和淋巴结转移(P0.001,OR=6.336,95%CI=2.563-15.972)均显著相关。结论:卵巢癌中CTGF的表达缺失,是卵巢癌腹膜转移和淋巴结转移的独立影响因素,可能作为预测卵巢癌转移的参考指标。     

MICB基因多态性与乳腺癌的易感关联性研究

目的:研究海南汉族人群MICB等位基因的多态性与乳腺癌易感性之间的关联性。方法:采用PCRSSP(PCR sequence-specific primers)和PCR-SBT(PCR sequence-based typing)方法对样本MICB等位基因的多态性进行检测。结果:乳腺癌患者中检出14种MICB等位基因;和对照组相比较,MICB*002和MICB*014等位基因在乳腺癌患者组分布频率较少,MICB*002和MICB*014等位基因可能对乳腺癌不易感(MICB*002:OR=0.31,95%CI:0.19-0.51,Pc0.05;MICB*014:OR=0.32,95%CI:0.17-0.60,Pc0.05)。MICB*016和MICB*003等位基因在乳腺癌患者组分布较多;MICB*016和MICB*003等位基因可能对乳腺癌易感(MICB*016:OR=10.68,95%CI:2.52-45.28,Pc0.05;MICB*003:OR=3.57,95%CI:1.34-9.49,Pc0.05);MICB*002/002和MICB*014/014基因型可能对乳腺癌不易感(MICB*002/002:OR=0.12,95%CI:0.04-0.36,Pc0.05;MICB*014/014:OR=0.30,95%CI:0.10-0.89,Pc0.05)。结论:MICB等位基因的多态性与乳腺癌的易感性之间存在关联性。     

亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶基因C677T、G1793A 单核苷酸多态性 与散发性乳腺癌易感性的关系

目的:研究亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶(MTHFR)基因C677T、G1793A位点单核苷酸多态性与散发性乳腺癌易感性关系。方法:采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)方法,对200例乳腺癌患者及200例正常对照者MTHFR基因C677T、G1793A位点单核苷酸多态性进行分析,logistic回归分析不同基因型与乳腺癌风险的关系。结果:乳腺癌组MTHFR 677TT基因型频率为25.00%显著高于正常对照组的10.50%(X2=14.401,P=0.001),CT基因型频率为44.50%低于正常对照组的54.50%,CC基因型频率在乳腺癌组和正常对照组中无差别;MTHFR 1793GA基因型频率为18.50%显著高于正常对照者的8.50%(X2=8.563,P=0.003)。乳腺癌患者MTHFR 677T和1793A等位基因频率分别为47.25%、9.25%,显著高于对照组中的37.75%、4.25%。MTHFR 677TT基因型携带者罹患乳腺癌的风险是677CC基因型携带者的2.732倍(95%CI=1.418～5.051,P=0.001),MTHFR1793GA基因型携带者罹患乳腺癌的风险是1793GG基因型携带者的2.444倍(95%CI=1.325～4.505,P=0.003)。另外,乳腺癌组中MTHFR C677T基因多态性与肿瘤大小相关(x2=7.431,P=0.024,MTHFR G1793A基因多态性与淋巴结转移情况(x2=8.939,P=0.011)、癌组织学分级(x2=9.983,P=0.007)相关。结论:MTHFR C677T、G1793A基因多态性与散发性乳腺癌的易感性相关。     

人染色体8p11(CHRNB3-CHRNA6)区域基因多态性与中国汉族人群肺癌易感性的相关性

为探讨人染色体8p11(CHRNB3-CHRNA6)区域基因多态性与中国汉族人群肺癌遗传易感性之间的关系,文章采用病例-对照研究,对784例肺癌患者和782例性别、年龄、籍贯频数与之相匹配的健康对照中该区域6个标签SNP位点进行基因分型,并统计分析其基因型频率分布与肺癌易感性的关系,以及吸烟在其中的影响。结果发现rs16891561位点TT基因型在60岁以上人群(校正OR=0.42,95%CI=0.20-0.88;P=0.022)、女性人群(校正OR=0.34,95%CI=0.13-0.87;P=0.025)、非吸烟人群中(校正OR=0.32,95%CI=0.13-0.79;P=0.013)对肺癌发生具有保护效应;rs4236926位点TT基因型在60岁以上人群(校正OR=0.48,95%CI=0.23-0.99;P=0.048)、非吸烟人群(校正OR=0.32,95%CI=0.13-0.80;P=0.014)中对肺癌发生具有保护效应,这两种保护效应主要是与腺癌相关。对这两个位点进行累积效应分析发现,含有3~4个变异等位基因型的非吸烟者罹患肺癌的风险显著降低(校正OR=0.29,95%CI=0.11-0.71;P=0.007),并且,含有3~4个变异等位基因型的个体累计吸烟量("包-年"平均数=13.2)与其他个体相比显著降低。由此可见人染色体8p11(CHRNB3-CHRNA6)区域基因多态性与中国汉族人群肺癌易感性和吸烟行为相关。     

MTHFR基因多态性与中国北方人群脑膜瘤发病的相关性分析

目的:探讨亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶(MTHFR)基因多态性与中国北方人群脑膜瘤发病的相关性。方法:选择2012年1月-2013年12月在黑龙江省哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院的第一、三病房接受手术治疗的脑膜瘤患者317例(实验组)及320例非脑膜瘤患者(对照组)为研究对象,利用聚合酶链反应限制性多态性片段长度(PCR-RFLP)检测和比较两组MTHFR两个单核苷酸多态性位点(C677T、A1298C)各种基因型(CC、CT、TT)的分布情况及等位基因的频率。结果:两组MTHFR的C677T中CC基因型的频率和TT基因型的频率比较有显著性差异(CC:OR=2.012,95%CI=1.460-2.772;TT:OR=0.399,95%CI=0.254-0.628,P0.05),实验组MTHFR的(0.450)C677T中的T等位基因频率明显高于对照组(0.320)(OR=0.529,95%CI=0.420-0.666,P0.05)。两组A1298C的等位基因分布比较没有统计学差别(P0.05)。结论:MTHFR基因的C677T中TT等位基因提示潜在的易患脑膜瘤的风险,而CC等位基因会降低中国北方人群患脑膜瘤的风险。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.