人原发性肝细胞肝癌中丙型肝炎病毒C_（33c）抗原及HBxAg的分布及意义

作者应用抗ＨＣＶＮＳ３区Ｃ３３ｃ抗原２Ｂ６株单克隆抗体和抗ＨＢｘＡｇ多克隆抗体,采用ＡＢＣ法对１０２例人原发性肝细胞肝癌（ＰＨＣ）组织进行了ＨＣＶ及ＨＢＶ抗原定位研究。ＨＣＶＣ３。抗原及ＨＢｘＡｇ在ＰＨＣ中的阳性检出率分别是８１．４％及７４．５％,Ｃ３３ｃ抗原或ＨＢｘＡｇ阳性占所检病例９４．１％,相同病例二者同时阳性为６１．８％。１０２例ＰＨＣ中５０例有癌旁肝组织,其Ｃ３３ｃ抗原和ＨＢｘＡｇ的阳性检出率分别是６２％和９２％。ＨＣＶＣ３３ｃ抗原定位于肝癌细胞的胞浆内,胞核未见阳性信号。Ｃ３３ｃ抗原阳性细胞在ＰＨＣ中呈散在、局灶分布为主,在癌旁肝组织呈弥漫分布为主。本文结果提示ＨＣＶ感染在ＰＨＣ的发生中可能起重要作用。     

大鼠酰胺化酶的信号肽引导的昆虫细胞表达外泌系统

将大鼠酰胺化酶的信号肽及前导肽编码序列引入昆虫核多角体病毒转移表达载体,构建ＰＡＢＣｈＧＲＦ（Ｇｌｙ）、ＰＡＢＣＩＧＦＩ融合基因的昆虫细胞分泌表达质粒ｐＢａｃＰＡＧ２、ｐＢａｃＰＡＩ,并与经修饰的银纹夜蛾核多角体病毒ＢａｃＰＡＫ６线性化ＤＮＡ共转染秋粘虫细胞Ｓｆ２１,通过同源重组、筛选和鉴定,得到它们的重组病毒ＢａｃＰＡＧ、ＢａｃＰＡＩ。将重组病毒感染Ｓｆ２１细胞,ＰＡＢＣｈＧＲＦ（Ｇｌｙ）和ＰＡＢＣＩＧＦＩ均得到有效外泌表达,表达产物通过ＩｇＧＳｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ柱可获得快速纯化。     

用Bac-to-Bac杆状病毒表达系统高效表达绿色荧光蛋白标记的HBVe抗原

通过基因工程操作,使乙型肝炎病毒ｅ抗原（ＨＢｅＡｇ）基因与绿色荧光蛋白基因（ＧＦＰ）融合,用新型Ｂａｃ－ｔｏ－Ｂａｃ杆状病毒表达系统在昆虫细胞中高效表达了ＨＢｅＡｇ－ＧＦＰ双功能融合蛋白。经ＥＬＩＳＡ法和荧光显微镜观察证实,表达产物既能发射易于检测的绿色荧光,又具有ＨＢＶ的ｅ抗原活性,为免疫诊断新方法的建立进行了有益的探索     

用Bac—to—Bac杆状病毒表达系统高效表达绿色荧光蛋白标记的HBVe抗原

通过基因工程操作,使乙型肝炎病毒ｅ抗原（ＨＢｅＡｇ）基因与绿色荧光蛋白基因（ＧＦＰ）融合,用新型Ｂａｃ－ｔｏ－Ｂａｃ杆状病毒表达系统在昆虫细胞中高效表达了ＨＢｅＡｇ－ＧＦＰ双功能融合蛋白。经ＥＬＩＳＡ法和荧光显微镜观察证实,表达产物既能发射易于检测的绿色荧光,又具有ＨＢＶ的ｅ抗原活性,为免疫诊断新方法的建立进行了有益的探索。     

尖吻蝮蛇毒酸性磷脂酶A2泊表达及其生化特征

将尖吻蝮蛇毒酸性磷脂酶Ａ２Ｉ（Ａ．ａＡＰＬＡ２Ｉ）的基因克隆至表达载体ｐＢＬＭＶＬ２,在大肠杆菌ＲＲ１中成功表达,表达产物Ａ．ａＡＰＬＡ２Ｉ约占细菌蛋白质总量的３０％,以包含体的形式存在。纯化包含体后,将产物变性,复性,然后用ＦＰＬＣ Ｓｕｐｅｒｏｓｅ ＾ＴＭ１２纯化,产物经过ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ检测只有单一条带。     

乳腺癌HSV—1,HSV—2与c—erbB—2的免疫组化研究

采用免疫组织化学Ｓ－Ｐ法检测５２例手术切除乳腺癌组织ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２蛋白和ＨＳＶ－１、ＨＳＶ－２表达情况。结果发现癌组织中ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２阳性３４例（６５．４％）;ＨＳＶ－１阳性３８例（７３．１％）;ＨＳＶ－２阳性１５例（２８．８％）。癌旁组织３２例,阳性分别为３例（９．４％）;１２例（３７．５％）;２例（６．３％）。乳腺癌中ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２阳性率明显高于癌旁组织。乳腺癌及癌旁的ＨＳＶ－１阳性率明显高于ＨＳＶ－２,乳腺癌ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２阳性组中ＨＳＶ－１和ＨＳＶ－２的表达有显著差异,而在阴性组二者无差异,提示乳腺癌的发生可能和ＨＳＶ－１感染密切相关,ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２表达也可能和ＨＳＶ－１感染有关。     

利用谷氨酰胺合成酶基因（GS）作扩增标记在CHO细胞中高效表达乙型…

利用谷氨酰胺合成酶基因（ＧＳ）作扩增选择标记,结合ＣＭＶ－ＩＥ启动子,在ＣＨＯ细胞中高效表达乙型肝炎的基因。初筛克卫表达水平ＲＰＨＡ检测为１：６４,经过谷氨酰胺合成酶基因的抑制剂ＭＳＸ的两轮基因扩增。ＨＢｓＡｇ的表达水平ＲＰＨＡ在１：２５６以上。方静置培养收液,ＲＩＡ检测ＨＢｓＡｇ最高产量为９．５μｇ／毫升。表达水平较以前利用ｄｈｆｒ基因扩增选择系统所得到的高表达细胞系Ｂ４３高一倍以上。利用ＧＳ基     

胸苷激酶基因治疗胃癌的体外实验

将单纯疱疹病毒胸苷激酶基因（ＨＳＶ－ｔｋ）导入恶性肿瘤细胞,随后可应用药物丙氧鸟苷（ｇａｎｃｉｃｌｏｖｉｒ, ＧＣＶ）选择性杀死肿瘤细胞．构建了含胸苷激酶与潮霉素磷酸转移酶（ｈｐｈ）融和基因（ＨｙｔＫ）的真核表达载体ＬＸｐｓｐ－ＨｙｔＫ．以脂质体（ｌｉｐｏｆｅｃｔｉｎ）为介导,将这种质粒与仅含潮霉素Ｂ基因的质粒ＬＸＳＨ 分别转染胃癌细胞系ＢＧＣ－８２３,用６０ Ｕ／ｍ ｌ潮霉素Ｂ进行筛选,得到了可稳定传代的阳性克隆,分别命名为ＢＧＣ－ＨｙｔＫ 和ＢＧＣ－Ｈｙ．三种细胞的生长曲线无明显差别．用不同浓度的ＧＣＶ 分别作用于ＢＧＣ－ＨｙｔＫ, ＢＧＣ－Ｈｙ 及ＢＧＣ－８２３,０．０２～２００ μｇ／ｍ ｌ 的ＧＣＶ 对ＢＧＣ－ＨｙｔＫ 细胞有明显的杀伤作用（ＩＣ５０＝ ０．０２ μｇ／ｍ ｌ）,而对另外两种细胞几乎无毒性作用（ＩＣ５０＞ ２００μｇ／ｍ ｌ）．２０ μｇ／ｍ ｌＧＣＶ 作用９６ ｈ 后,仅存在２０％ 的ＢＧＣ－ＨｙｔＫ 就可使周围的大部分ＨＳＶ－ｔｋ－ 的肿瘤细胞死亡,说明存在较显著的“旁观者效应”     

腺病毒载体介导的肝癌细胞专一性自杀基因表达

构建由肝癌细胞专一的ａｆｐ基因表达调节元件控制自杀基因ＨＳＶ－ｔｋ的穿梭质粒,将它与缺陷型腺病毒载体重组,得到ＡｄｒＡＦＰＴＫ病毒。经ＰＣＲ及Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交等证实它们含ａｆｐ元件和ｔｋ基因。空斑形成试验表明病毒效价达１×１０１５ｐｆｕ／Ｌ。同时构建由ＣＭＶ启动子控制ｔｋ基因的类似载体作为对照。将这两个重组腺病毒分别感染ＡＦＰ阳性（ＨｅｐＧ２）或阴性（ＨｅＬａ,ＢＲＬ－３Ａ）细胞株（ｍ．ｏ．ｉ．＝１００）,以丙氧鸟苷（ｇａｎｃｉｃｌｏｖｉｒ,ＧＣＶ）处理后,用ＭＴＴ法测定杀伤细胞的效应。结果,ＡｄＣＭＶＴＫ感染这三种细胞后,ＧＣＶ半杀伤浓度分别为１．３、２、＜１μｍｏｌ／Ｌ;但是,ＡｄｒＡＦＰＴＫ感染的ＨｅＬａ和ＢＲＬ－３Ａ细胞的ＧＣＶ半杀伤浓度都＞１０００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ,而对ＨｅｐＧ２细胞只有＜１μｍｏｌ／Ｌ,表现出极高的细胞专一性。重组腺病毒ＡｄｒＡＦＰＴＫ可望用于肝癌的专一性基因治疗     

兰科植物传粉生物学研究概述

兰科植物传粉生物学研究概述赵运林（湘潭师范学院,湘潭４１１２０１）ＡＳＵＲＶＥＹＯＮＴＨＥＳＴＵＤＹＯＦＰＯＬＬＩＮＡＴＩＯＮＢＩＯＬＯＧＹＯＦＯＲＣＨＩＤＡＣＥＯＵＳＰＬＡＮＴＳ￥ＺｈａｏＹｕｎ－ｌｉｎ（ＸｉａｘｇｔａｎＴｅａｃｈｅｒ＇ｓＣｏｌｌｅ...     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布。结果表明（1）HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40％（55／136）和82％（112／136）。HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;（2）HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81％（133／164）及86％（141／164）。C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的浆内;核心抗原毁定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中。C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细胞在癌组织以弥漫核阳性常见,在癌旁肝组织以胸浆阳性为主;（3）HBxAg在肝细胞肝 癌中的检出率为75％（123／164）,C33c和HBxAg二者同时阳性占63％（103／164）。HCV感染在我国肝细胞肝癌中比较普遍,HCV和HBV重叠感染占相当比例,可能在肝细胞肝癌的发生中起着重要作用。     

Discovery of a Novel Mutation (X8Del) Resulting in an 8-bp Deletion in the Hepatitis B Virus X Gene Associated with Occult Infection in Korean Vaccinated Individuals

Universal infantile hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination may lead to an increase in vaccine escape variants, which may pose a threat to the long-term success of massive vaccination. To determine the prevalence of occult infections in Korean vaccinated individuals, 87 vaccinated subjects were screened for the presence of HBV DNA using both the nested PCR protocol and the VERSANT HBV DNA 3.0 assay. The mutation patterns of variants were analyzed in full-length HBV genome sequences. Their HBsAg secretion and replication capacities were investigated using both in vitro transient transfection and in vivo hydrodynamic injection. The presence of HBV DNA was confirmed in 6 subjects (6.9%). All six variants had a common mutation type (X8Del) composed of an 8-bp deletion in the C-terminal region of the HBV X gene (HBxAg). Our in vitro and in vivo analyses using the full-length HBV genome indicated that the X8Del HBxAg variant reduced the secretion of HBsAg and HBV virions compared to the wild type. In conclusion, our data suggest that a novel mutation (X8Del) may contribute to occult HBV infection in Korean vaccinated individuals via a reduced secretion of HBsAg and virions, possibly by compromising HBxAg’s transacting capacity.     

野生型及突变型乙型肝炎病毒X基因在pGEX-6P-2系统中的克隆、表达、纯化及免疫鉴定

构建野生型和A1762T/G1764A双突变型乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)X基因原核表达系统,为深入研究HBV X基因及其双突变后对HBV慢性感染者病情发展和肿瘤发生的作用奠定基础。从慢性乙型肝炎患者血清中抽提HBV基因组DNA,经PCR扩增和基因测序,证实并获得野生型及A1762T∕G1764A双突变型HBV X基因。应用TA克隆及亚克隆技术将2基因分别插入pGEX-6P-2载体,构建pGEX-6P-2-hbvxw(野生型)及pGEX-6P-2-hb-vxm(A1762T∕G1764A突变型)重组表达载体;转化入宿主菌进行诱导表达;包涵体复性后,GSTrap FF蛋白纯化柱纯化带有GST标签的野生型和A1762T∕G1764A突变型HBV x抗原(HBxAg);应用SDS-PAGE、Westernblot和ELISA方法对表达的野生型和突变型HBxAg进行鉴定。结果SDS-PAGE证实本研究构建的2个表达系统均能高效表达目的蛋白;复性、纯化后野生型和突变型GST-HBxAg分别达到4.88mg/mL和5.07mg/mL;Western blot鉴定证实所纯化的野生型和突变型HBxAg均能被特异性的单克隆抗体所识别;ELISA方法检测显示2种抗原都能成功包被于微量滴定板上并与乙肝患者血清反应。证实本研究成功地构建了野生型和A1762T∕G1764A突变型HBxAg表达系统,为进一步研究A1762T∕G1764A基因突变对肿瘤发生学和慢性HBV感染者疾病进展的作用和分子机制奠定了基础。     

蛋白激酶底物p36在肝硬变、肝细胞肝癌中的表达及与HBV、HCV感染的关系

本文应用鼠抗蛋白激酶底物ｐ３６单克隆抗体,采用免疫组织化学法对ｐ３６在５４例肝硬变,７９例肝细胞肝癌中的表达分布进行了研究,同时结合ＨＢＶ、ＨＣＶ感染情况分析其相互关系,结果显示：ｐ３６在肝硬变及肝细胞肝癌中定位于肝细胞或癌细胞胞浆内,在胞浆内弥漫分布,阳性细胞呈灶状或弥漫分布,部分病例癌周肝细胞信号较癌组织为强,ｐ３６在肝硬变、肝细胞癌中的阳性率分别为８８．８％（４８／５４）及８２．３（６５／７９）,ＨＢｘＡｇ在两种组织的阳性率分别为７０．４％及７６％,ＨＣＶ核心抗原在两种组织的阳性率分别为８０％及７８．５％;三者同时阳性分别为５５．５％及５８．２％;ｐ３６、ＨＢｘＡｇ同时阳性分别为６８．５％及６４．５％;ｐ３６、核心抗原同时阳性分别为７４．１％及７０．８％,我们的结果提示,肝硬变、肝细胞肝癌组织中ｐ３６存在高表达,其高表达可能与ＨＢＶ、ＨＣＶ感染密切相关     

A hepatocellular carcinoma cell line producing mature hepatitis B viral particles

Current in vitro models for hepatitis B virus (HBV) are based on human hepatoblastoma cell lines transfected with HBV genome. The objective of this work was to develop an in vitro, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-based system supporting HBV full replication and producing mature viral particles. The FLC4 human HCC cell line was stably transfected with a plasmid carrying a head-to-tail dimer of the adwHBV genome. One of the clones, FLC4A10II, exhibited prolonged expression of HBV, as was demonstrated by secreted levels of HBsAg, HBeAg, and HBV DNA in the culture medium of the growing cells. Furthermore, the cells produced HBV particles that were detected by a cesium chloride density gradient performed on the culture medium. Analysis by Southern blot revealed that HBV DNA has integrated into the FLC4A10II cell genome. The presence of HBV in the FLC4A10II cells did not cause alterations in cell morphology and the cells continued to resemble mature hepatocytes. They do exhibit a high mitotic activity. The new HBV stably transfected cell line, FLC4A10II, can serve as an important tool for further exploration of HBV host-pathogen interaction, viral life cycle, and for assessing new antiviral agents.     

The role of the IGF axis in hepatocarcinogenesis.

Primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common forms of malignant cancer with the fourth highest mortality rate worldwide. Major risk factors for the development of HCC include chronic infections with the hepatitis B or C virus, alcohol consumption, exposure to dietary aflatoxin B1, hereditary liver disease or liver cirrhosis of any etiology. Recent studies have discovered changes in the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis that affect the molecular pathogenesis of HCC, including the autocrine production of IGFs, IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs), IGFBP proteases, and IGF receptor expression. Characteristic alterations detected in HCC and hepatoma cell lines comprise the overexpression of IGF-II and the IGF-I receptor emerging as critical events in malignant transformation and growth of tumors. Simultaneous reduction of IGFBP expression and the increase in proteolytic cleavage of IGFBPs result in an excess of bioactive IGFs. Finally, defective functions of the IGF-II/mannose 6-phosphate receptor involved in degradation of IGF II, the activation of the growth inhibitor TGF-beta1, and the lysosomal targeting of cathepsin proteases capable to degrade extracellular matrix proteins may contribute to the development of HCC.