森林脑炎自然疫源地样本的监测及病毒的分离研究

为了解森林脑炎疫源地的分布变化趋势及样本分离病毒的特性,采集了森林脑炎高发区周边的森林全沟硬蜱、血蜱样本及森林脑炎患者的脑组织样本,用小白鼠脑内接种法检测、分离病毒分离的病毒经鉴别试验证明为森林脑炎病毒：蜱、脑两种标本检测的阳性率分别为50％和100％、结果表明森林脑炎的疫区有从林区向农业区扩散的趋势,且全沟硬蜱的带毒率较高;森脑患者的脑组织样本与蜱标本病毒的性状育差异     

东北地区人血清虫媒病毒抗体调查

本文报告了东北三省六地396份人血清虫媒病毒抗体的调查结果。乙型脑炎病毒抗体阳性三省均有分布;森林脑炎病毒抗体阳性见于吉林省;从黑龙江省伊春林区人血清中检出辛德毕斯病毒抗体,滴度达1∶160。提示东北地区除已知乙型脑炎、森林脑炎外尚有辛德毕斯等其它虫媒病毒存在的可能。     

中朝边境地区林区鼠类几种重要蜱媒病原体感染的血清学调查

为了解东北林区啮齿动物蜱媒传染病感染状况,采用间接免疫荧光法对吉林省集安、辽宁省宽甸林区捕获的野鼠进行7种蜱媒病原体Ig G抗体检测,检测鼠血清75份,斑点热立克次体、粒细胞无形体、查菲埃立克体、伯氏疏螺旋体、蜱媒脑炎病毒、新布尼亚病毒、土拉弗菌抗体阳性率分别为13.33%、8.00%、14.67%、4.00%、1.33%、6.67%、1.33%,统计学处理差异非常显著(χ2=19.83,P=0.003)。不同鼠种对7种蜱媒病原体抗体检出阳性率各不相同,但差异无统计学意义。75份野鼠标本中,复合感染率为8%。调查地区野鼠中7种蜱媒病原体感染比较普遍,以斑点热立克次体和查菲埃立克体阳性率为高。     

首次从啮齿类和食虫类动物中分离到森林脑炎病毒

1988年,我们从采自云南高黎贡山的卵形硬蜱及患者血液中分离到森林脑炎病毒。1990年,又从该地区10种95只啮齿类中查到森林脑炎病毒抗体;并从社鼠(R.confucianus)、小林姬鼠(A.sylvaticus)和灰腹鼠(R.eha ninus)等8种啮齿类及食虫类中分离到15株病毒,选三株用单克隆抗体进行免疫荧光试验、理化特性、生物学特性及中和试验研究。结果表明,其病毒的抗原性、生物学特性及理化特性与东北株及从卵形硬蜱、患者分离的森林脑炎病毒一致。从啮齿类及食虫类分离到森林脑炎病毒在国内属首次报道。这项研究结果进一步证明,啮食类和食虫类在森林脑炎自然疫源地的保存方面起重要作用。     

1996年延边地区无菌性脑膜脑炎病因病毒的分离及初步鉴定

吉林省延边地区１９９６年６月发生无菌性脑膜脑炎流行,在全地区２１６万人口中,发病人数约５￣６千人,死亡２人,为历史上所罕见。从病人脑脊液和粪便标本中分离到多株病毒,分离率较高（分别达到５２．４％￣６６．７％）。用ＷＨＯ提供的ＲＩＶＭ肠道病毒组合血清进行中和定型,不能确定型别。ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ结果表明为肠道病毒。病人早期血清特异性ＩｇＭ抗性阳性率７２．０％,证明所分离的病毒为此次无菌性脑膜脑炎暴发流行的     

儿童呼吸道肺炎支原体感染的实验室诊断

目的同时用目前常用的几种诊断肺炎支原体（MP）感染的实验方法检测MP,相互比较,得出适于常规诊断MP感染的方法或组合。方法搜集我院于2006年10月至2007年5月间以呼吸道感染入院儿童病例75例,采集其咽拭子和双份血清标本,以多种方法检测有无MP感染：培养法、EIA法测抗原、PCR法测MP-DNA,ELISA法测MP特异性IgG、IgA型抗体以及捕获法ELISA测MP特异性IgM型抗体。结果上述75例儿童中,共计有12例感染MP。以此为基础,上述各方法的敏感度分别是：培养法（25％）、EIA法测抗原（8．3％）、PCR法测MP-DNA（75．0％）、ELISA法测MP特异性IgA型抗体（单份血清为0,双份血清为33．3％）、捕获法ELISA测MP特异性IgM型抗体（单份血清为66．7％,双份血清为100％）。特异度分别是：100％、96．8％、93．7％（93．7％）、98．4％（98．4％）。PCR法和捕获法ELISA测MP特异性IgM型抗体结合后敏感度和特异度分别达到100％和95．2％。结论PCR法测MP-DNA和捕获法ELISA测MP特异性IgM型抗体的组合可高效地诊断MP感染,因而可作为临床诊断MP感染的一个常规组合。     

森林脑炎病毒对鸡胚单层细胞的致病变作用及其实际应用

从人尸脑组织或蜱分离出的森林脑炎病毒株感染鸡胚皮肤肌单层细胞时,均可出现明显的细胞病变TCID50滴度与小白鼠脑内毒力LD50相一致,可达log 7.0—9.0。病毒如加有被确诊的森林脑炎病人恢复期血清或者免疫动物血清则不出现病变,证明细胞病变作用的特异性。病毒经鸡胚细胞传代后仍保持稳定的致病变作用。应用鸡胚细胞作血清中和试验与小鼠腹腔接种法中和试验测定的抗体结果相一致,而其敏感性和特异性都高于用小鼠法所测结果。本文对森林脑炎病毒在鸡胚细胞引起病变的条件和影响因素及其实际应用价值加以讨论。     

白纹伊蚊垂直传播乙型脑炎病毒的研究

用５株乙型脑炎病毒（ＪＥｖｉｒｕｓ）经口感染白纹伊蚊,证明该蚊能感染和传播乙型脑炎病毒,对感染雌蚊的１和子２代卵３４４３粒,幼虫７０２１只和成虫４８５３只,分１７１批检查乙型脑炎病毒,子１代的批阳性率,卵为４６．６７％（１４／３０）,幼虫为２１．２１％（７／３３）。雌性成虫为２３．７８％（９／３８）,雄性成虫为１５．００％（３／２０）;子２代幼虫,雌性和雄性成虫和批阳性率依次为２３．５３％（４／１     

1253例孕妇和新生儿TORCH检测结果分析

目的 了解TORCH感染情况,为妇幼保健提供参考依据.方法 采用捕获ELISA方法对1 253例孕妇和新生儿的血清进行TORCH-IgM抗体检测.结果 689例孕妇CMV、TOX、RV及HSVⅡ特异性IgM抗体阳性率分别为1.89％、0.87％、0.44％和0.73％;564例新生儿CMV-IgM、TOX-IgM、RV-IgM和HSVⅡ-IgM阳性率分别为6.91％、0.18％、0和0.35％.结论 检测TORCH特异性抗体对优生优育有重要关系.     

肿瘤患者血清中SARS-CoV抗体阳性原因分析

探讨SARS冠状病毒(SARS—CoV)抗体在SARS病原学诊断中的特异性及其在肿瘤患血清中的假阳性问题。应用ELISA和荧光定量RT-PCR技术检测了111例正常对照和40例肿瘤患血清中SARS—CoV抗体的阳性率。在111例正常对照中,IgM抗体均阴性,IgG抗体的阳性率为3．6％(4／111);IgG抗体诊断SARS的特异性为96．4％,两种抗体同时阳性诊断SARS的特异性为100％。40例肿瘤患中,IgM抗体均阴性,IgG抗体阳性率17．5％(7／40)。经RT—PCR检测,上述肿瘤患阳性病例均为阴性。结果表明,同时测定SARS—CoV的两种抗体可降低诊断的假阳性率,提高诊断的特异性。用非纯化SARS—CoV抗原制备的ELISA试剂盒测定肿瘤患的SARS—CoV抗体,可能出现假阳性。在肿瘤患中出现假阳性的原因可能与包被的抗原有关。     

Naked DNA vaccines expressing the prM and E genes of Russian spring summer encephalitis virus and Central European encephalitis virus protect mice from homologous and heterologous challenge.

Naked DNA vaccines expressing the prM and E genes of two tick-borne flaviviruses, Russian spring summer encephalitis (RSSE) virus and Central European encephalitis (CEE) virus were evaluated in mice. The vaccines were administered by particle bombardment of DNA-coated gold beads by Accell gene gun inoculation. Two immunizations of 0.5 to 1 microg of RSSE or CEE constructs/dose, delivered at 4-week intervals, elicited cross-reactive antibodies detectable by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and high-titer neutralizing antibodies to CEE virus. Cross-challenge experiments demonstrated that either vaccine induced protective immunity to homologous or heterologous RSSE or CEE virus challenge. The absence of antibody titer increases after challenge and the presence of antibodies to E and prM, but not NS1, both before and after challenge suggest that the vaccines prevented productive replication of the challenge virus. One vaccination with 0.5 microg of CEE virus DNA provided protective immunity for at least 2 months, and two vaccinations protected mice from challenge with CEE virus for at least 6 months.     

Potential use of attenuated langat E5 virus as a live vaccine -- long term protection against Russian spring-summer encephalitis virus in mice

A single inoculation of Langat E5 virus provides 90-100% protection in mice against 3200-16000 lethal doses of Russian Spring-Summer Encephalitis (RSSE) virus when challenged 18 or 24 months later. The observed protection is found in the absence of neutralizing antibody (NA) against RSSE virus at the time of challenge but is associated with anamnestic NA response. Immunized mice have low titer short duration viremia. Immunized mice have late first detection and much lower multiplication in the brains, even though traces of virus could be detected in the brain up to 3 weeks following challenge. The observed protection results from sensitization due to immunization and quick host response following RSSE challenge resulting in significantly altered viral pathogenesis. Long term cross protection studies reported in this study and before coupled with the experience of the use of attenuated Langat E5 virus in humans volunteers suggests to its further testing as a live vaccine for prophylaxis against various members of Russian Spring-Summer virus complex throughout the world.     

吉林珲春地区野猪危害防控研究

近年来人与野生动物冲突日趋严重。2012年7月到2014年10月,利用东北虎(Panthera tigris altaica)粪便、声音在吉林珲春地区开展了野猪(Sus scrofa)危害防控研究。以采取防控措施起始时间到野猪进入实验样地或对照样地的时间间隔作为防控有效期;以实验结束时实验样地内放置东北虎粪便、东北虎声音播放器位置或对照样地中心点与样地内野猪危害发生处的最短距离作为防控范围。将防控有效期和防控范围分别转化为有效期指数和范围指数。结果表明:(1)东北虎粪便对野猪危害防控效果显著,与对照组相比,有效期指数和范围指数均存在显著差异(P0.05);(2)东北虎声音对野猪危害防控效果显著,与对照组相比,有效期指数和范围指数均差异显著(P0.05);(3)同时应用东北虎粪便和声音防控野猪危害效果显著,与对照组相比,有效期指数和范围指数均差异显著(P0.05);(4)单独应用东北虎粪便、单独应用东北虎声音与同时应用东北虎粪便和声音的各种防控方法之间,有效期指数和范围指数无显著差异(P0.05)。本研究认为,东北虎粪便、声音对野猪危害防控效果显著与东北虎是野猪天敌,且珲春地区存在东北虎有关。     

Isolation and identification of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in the Stavropol territory

The results of the isolation and identification of the causative agent of a haemorrhagic fever outbreak in the Stavropol Territory are presented. The virus isolated from blood of haemorrhagic fever patients by virological methods was identified in serological and molecular tests as Crimean haemorrhagic fever virus. This epidemiological analysis testify to increased activity of the natural focus of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in this area due to a number of natural and other factors leading to intensification of its epidemic realization.     

黑龙江密山—宝清早泥盆世盾皮鱼类化石

<正>１９９３年,原地矿部沈阳地质矿产研究所苏养正先生将其在黑龙江省东北部密山及宝清下黑台组中采到的５件泥盆纪鱼化石送交王士涛鉴定。经过修理和观察后认为,这些骨片属于盾皮鱼类(Ｐｌａｃｏｄｅｒｍｓ)。这是迄今为止在东北地槽区内首次发现的泥盆纪鱼类化石,具有重要的生物地层学及古动物地理学意义。     

Cyclocarya cf. paliurus （Batal.） Iljinskaja （Juglandaceae） from the Hunchun Formation （Eocene）, Jilin Province, China

The leaflet architecture of Cyclocarya cf. paliurus （Batal.） Iljinskaja from the Hunchun Formation （Middle Eocene） shows similarity to that of modem C. paliurus （Batal.） Iljinskaja and the specimen is the oldest fossil record in Europe and Asia. The distributions of C. cf. paliurus and other fossil records, such as Glyptostrobus, Metasequoia, Nyssa, and Liquidambar, in Hunchun flora show that it would have been a warmer-temperature to subtropical climate in Hunchun District during the Eocene period.     

Cyclocarya cf. paliurus (Batal.) Iljinskaja (Juglandaceae) from the Hunchun Formation (Eocene), Jilin Province, China

The leaflet architecture of Cyclocarya cf. paliurus (Batal.) Iljinskaja from the Hunchun Formation (Middle Eocene) shows similarity to that of modern C. paliurus (Batal.) Iljinskaja and the specimen is the oldest fossil record in Europe and Asia. The distributions of C. cf. paliurus and other fossil records,such as Glyptostrobus, Metasequoia, Nyssa, and Liquidambar, in Hunchun flora show that it would have been a warmer-temperature to subtropical climate in Hunchun District during the Eocene period.     

基于占域模型的中国珲春地区人虎冲突特征分析

人虎冲突是全球野生虎(Pantheratigris)保护和种群恢复工作迫切需要解决的问题,而人虎冲突的分布特征是开展冲突管理的重要科学依据.珲春地区是东北虎(P.t.altaica)从俄罗斯向中国扩散的重要廊道,随着东北虎种群数量的逐步增加,该地区的人虎冲突特征亟需开展研究.本文以2016-2020年珲春地区的人虎冲突...     

吉林珲春自然保护区东北虎及其猎物资源调查

中国的野生东北虎(Panthera tigris altaica)数量已降到了极低的状态,及时开展有关东北虎及其猎物资源野外调查,对了解东北虎生存现状和制定保护策略都具有重大意义.吉林珲春东北虎国家级自然保护区是我国现存东北虎活动最频繁的地区之一,为了解该保护区的东北虎及其猎物资源状况,2009～2010年冬季,采用样...     

Characterization of the natural foci of Congo-Crimean hemorrhagic fever on the territory of Ukraine

The natural foci of the Congo-Crimean hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) in Ukraine were characterized by their geographical factors. The circulation of CCHF virus was found to occur mainly in forest and forest-steppe zones irrespective of the location of administrative regions. The territories found to be most favorable for the prolonged existence of the focus of CCHF were those having high humidity. The possibility of using geoinformation technologies for the correction of the boundaries of natural foci, the evaluation of the influence of geographical factors on the circulation of the virus was shown.