国产西番莲属二种植物的考订

根据对海南、广东、广西、云南、贵州、四川和湖北西番莲属标本的研究,将月叶西番莲归入杯叶西番莲中,乐东西番莲旭入尖峰西番莲中。     

国产西番莲属二种植物的考订

根据对海南、广东、广西、云南、贵州、四川和湖北西番莲属标本的研究,将月叶西番莲归入杯叶西番莲中,乐东西番莲归入尖峰西番莲中。     

桑叶西番莲——中国西番莲科植物新归化种

外来物种的归化和入侵对全球环境和社会发展造成了严重影响,已成为当今各国生物多样性管理和生态保护中所面临的全球性问题。我国是遭受外来入侵危害最为严重的国家之一,在外来物种入侵的预警、管理和治理等方面形势严峻。该研究报道了中国西番莲科(Passifloraceae)西番莲属(Passiflora Linn.)一个新归化种,即桑叶西番莲(P.morifolia Mast.),并提供了形态描述和野外生态照片。桑叶西番莲原产于中美洲和南美洲的热带地区,现发现新归化于我国云南省普洱市孟连县的竜山龙血树省级自然保护区。桑叶西番莲的主要鉴别特征为叶片草质,掌状3浅裂,疏被短硬毛,托叶卵形,半抱茎,聚伞花序退化,苞片线状,具1~2花,花梗长3~6 cm,花瓣白色,副花冠基部紫色,浆果成熟时紫黑色,被短刺毛和白霜。国产种类中,桑叶西番莲与龙珠果(Passiflora foetida)最为近似,但后者全株被柔毛和腺毛,叶柄不具腺体,花序苞片一至三回羽状分裂,丝状的副花冠基部常粉红色。此外,还简要评估了桑叶西番莲的危害和入侵风险。     

西番莲对镉、铅的吸收累积特性

以紫果西番莲和黄果西番莲为试材进行盆栽试验,研究镉、铅处理后西番莲体内镉、铅含量变化。结果表明,镉、铅在西番莲体内分布的一般规律是枝蔓> 叶> 果。不同品种西番莲的镉含量未见显著差异,而铅含量则呈显著差异。西番莲枝蔓和叶对镉、铅的吸收量分别随着各自处理浓度的增加而增加;统计显示,西番莲枝蔓和叶的镉、铅含量与各自土壤的添加量呈极显著正相关。值得注意的是,西番莲对镉有较强的吸收能力(枝蔓和叶对土壤镉的富集系数均大于1),而对铅的吸收能力较差。在本试验中,铅处理浓度为1 000 mg/kg时,西番莲果实可食部分铅的含量也低于无公害果品标准,说明西番莲作为果树生产时,即使在铅含量较高的污染土上种植,也是安全的;但要特别注意镉的污染风险。     

西番莲生物技术研究进展(综述)

本文综述近年来西番莲组织培养、原生质体培养以及基因工程的研究进展,并提出应用前景。     

花果迷人的西番莲

西番莲科植物，包含１２属５５０种。其中西番莲属（Ｐａｓｓｉｆｌｏ－ｒａ）约４００种。大多数生长在南美洲热带地区，只有４０种左右分布在亚洲和南太平洋岛屿。绝大多数西番莲植物为藤本，具卷须，善攀援。叶多为单叶，互生或近对生。叶柄有腺体。花为两性花，子房上位，多三心室，柱头三裂。而且花色美丽，色彩丰富，气味芬芳。进入花期后，只要温度、湿度适宜，几乎每天开花，从中午花蕾绽放，到夜间９时才闭合凋谢。果实为浆果或蒴果，含多数种子，种子外包被有肉质的假种皮，大约有５０－６０种的西番莲属植物的果实可以食用。由于…     

西番莲的扦插快繁

著名的热带水果西番莲(Passiflora coerulea),别名时计草,属于西番莲科的多年生攀缘藤本植物。由于该植物喜温暖、潮湿和充足的阳光,在我国华南地区可露天种植,而北方仅夏季可露地栽种,到了冬季则要移入温室内,越冬温度6—8℃。2001年12月我们从福建农科院引进黄果西番莲,栽植在本所试验农场塑料大棚内。一年来,长势良好,现已结果。为了尽快实现热带果树西番莲能在北方地区快速繁殖,我们进行了绿枝扦插试验。其过程如下:     

西番莲采后品质劣变及贮藏保鲜技术研究进展

西番莲(Passiflora caerulea)是一种营养丰富的热带亚热带特色水果,采后易发生果实品质劣变现象,是制约采后西番莲果实保鲜期的重要因素。本文就西番莲采后果实褶皱及失重、果皮色泽变化、营养物质含量减少和采后病害发生等品质劣变机理,及其低温、热处理、包装、1-MCP、多糖和化学保鲜剂等西番莲果实采后保鲜技术的国内外相关研究进行综述,以期为维持西番莲果实贮藏品质、延长果实保鲜期提供指导。     

镰叶西番莲的化学成分

从镰叶西番莲（Passiflora wilsonii）的腾茎中分离到6个化合物,经理化性质和波谱分析,分别确定为：glut-5-en-3β-ol（I）、maslinic acid(Ⅱ）,friedelin(Ⅲ）,ergosterol epidioxide(Ⅴ）和β-谷甾醇（Ⅳ）。以上化合物均为首次从镰叶西番莲的腾茎中分离得到。     

西番莲花叶病研究及防治方法的进展

西番莲Passiflora edulis是热带亚热带重要水果之一。病毒病害能造成西番莲叶片花叶、褪绿，果实畸形、木质化以及植株矮化，严重危害西番莲种植、制约增产。花叶病是危害西番莲的主要病毒病之一，引起西番莲花叶病的主要病毒有：黄瓜花叶病毒属Cucumovirus病毒、马铃薯Y病毒属Potyvirus病毒、双生病毒属Geminivirus病毒等。本文综述了西番莲花叶病分布及症状特征，病毒生物学特性、传播途径以及检测技术，为研究其发病机制提供参考，同时提出西番莲花叶病害综合防治方法。     

A new fused tetracyclic heterocyclic antioxidant from Serratia sp. PAMC 25557

A new fused tetracyclic heterocyclic compound, (4bR,10bR)-4b-hydroxy-10b,12-dihydrodibenzo[c,h][2,6]naphthyridine-5,11(4bH,6H)-dione (1), and a known compound, butyl 2-[(benzoyloxy)methyl]benzoate, spatozoate 2, were isolated from the broth culture of Serratia sp. PAMC 25557. The structure of 1 was determined by analyzing spectroscopic data. Compound 1 did not exhibit antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, or Candida albicans. In addition, up to 100 μg/ml compound 1 did not show any toxicity against Artemia salina larvae. However, compound 1 showed DPPH free radical scavenging activity (IC₅₀ = 16.7 ± 0.34 μg/ml). This was the first report of spatozoate isolation from bacterial sources.     

儿茶素分光光度法与微量法抗氧化活性研究

为比较微量法和分光光度法的差异,以Trolox为参比物,PG、BHA和BHT为阳性对照品,比较其IC50和TEAC;以儿茶素的抗氧化活性为研究对象,对2种方法的相关性做Paired—samplet t est。发现2种方法所得到的TEAC基本一致,4个标准品和儿茶素的抗氧化活性顺序一致,即：PG〉儿茶素〉BHA〉Trolox〉BHT;2种方法的相关系数r=0．998,显著性P=0．501。研究结果表明,分光光度法操作繁琐费时,用样量大;微量法操作简单快速,用样量小,准确性好,适合对微量天然产物抗氧化活性的评价。     

Isolation and Structure of a Novel Indophenol-reducing and 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl Radical-scavenging Compound from a Fungus

A novel indophenol-reducing and DPPH radical-scavenging compound (1) was isolated from a fungal metabolite. The structure of 1 was determined by a spectroscopic analysis, and the absolute configuration of 1 was determined by the modified Mosher’s method. Compound 1 showed slow-reacting DPPH radical-scavenging activity (ED₅₀ value of 298 μM after 96 hr).     

荔枝果皮乙醇提取液抑菌及抗氧化作用的研究(英文)

以乙醇为溶剂的荔枝果皮提取液,用滤纸片法测定其对常见细菌、霉菌的抑菌圈大小,同时研究了不同浓度乙醇的提取液对抑制柑橘青霉的影响,并通过清除DPPH自由基、OH·试验,测定了荔枝果皮的抗氧化效果.结果表明:荔枝果皮的95%乙醇提取液对大肠杆菌、变形杆菌、柑橘青霉均有不同程度的抑制作用,抑菌圈在8.6～18.7 mm之间.其中,柑橘青霉对95%乙醇提取浓度、含量5 mg/mL的荔枝果皮最为敏感,抑菌圈为18.7 mm.不同含量(2.5、5、10、20、40mg/mL)的荔枝果皮提取液DPPH自由基清除率在90%左右,而OH·清除率分别为1.7%、12.9%.78.6%、97.5%和100%.     

枸杞子提取液抗氧化活性的研究

用Folin-Ciocalteu法、DPPH法和Fenton法分别对脱脂及未脱脂枸杞子的水和50%、80%、95%乙醇提取液的抗氧化活性进行测定。结果显示:3种方法所得结果具有一致的规律,相同提取条件下,未脱脂枸杞子的抗氧化活性大于脱脂枸杞子;随着乙醇浓度增大,枸杞子提取液的抗氧化活性逐渐减小,即水>50%乙醇>80%乙醇>95%乙醇枸杞子提取液。表明枸杞子中水溶性提取物的抗氧化活性高于脂溶性提取物;不同提取液抗氧化能力的差异说明枸杞子的抗氧化能力是枸杞子中水溶性和脂溶性多种成分协同作用的结果。     

红曲菌产生的DPPH自由基捕捉物质的筛选

从浙江长兴县农村传统家酿红酒的小曲中分离出一 红曲菌菌株(Monascus sp.),对它产生的DPPH自由基捕捉物质进行了筛选。结果表明：自由基捕捉活性和得率以醋酸乙酯的中性提取物较高;培养时间以30℃,100r/min摇床5d为好;对醋酸乙酯的中性提取物进一步进行了硅胶柱层析、LH20柱层析、MPLC、HPLC分部收 集,并用HPLC检验其纯度,获得收量在2mg以上,纯度在85%以上的自由基捕捉物质15个,对其中有代表性的B13、C317进行了1HNMR和13CNMR分析,确定它们的大致结构为苯的三取代衍生物,C317很可能是3羟基,4甲氧基苯甲酸;并对B13、C317的自由基捕捉活性进行了测定,40μmol/L的B13其自由基捕捉活性约为65%,40μmol/L的C317其自由基捕捉活性小于56%,均略低于Vc和Ve。     

Chemical constituents from Tribulus terrestris and screening of their antioxidant activity

Two oligosaccharides (1, 2) and a stereoisomer of di-p-coumaroylquinic acid (3) were isolated from the aerial parts of Tribulus terrestris along with five known compounds (4–8). The structures of the compounds were established as O-β-d-fructofuranosyl-(2 → 6)-α-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-d-fructofuranosyl-(2 → 6)-β-d-fructofuranosyl-(2 → 1)-α-d-glucopyranosyl-(6 → 2)-β-d-fructofuranoside (1), O-α-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-α-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-α-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-fructofuranoside (2), 4,5-di-p-cis-coumaroylquinic acid (3) by different spectroscopic methods including 1D NMR (¹H, ¹³C and DEPT) and 2D NMR (COSY, TOCSY, HMQC and HMBC) experiments as well as ESI-MS analysis. This is the first report for the complete NMR spectral data of the known 4,5-di-p-trans-coumaroylquinic acid (4).The antioxidant activity represented as DPPH free radical scavenging activity was investigated revealing that the di-p-coumaroylquinic acid derivatives possess potent antioxidant activity so considered the major constituents contributing to the antioxidant effect of the plant.     

Potential antioxidant activity of Morita-Baylis-Hillman adducts

The wide variety of potent biological activities of Morita-Baylis-Hillman adducts (MBH) encouraged us to synthesize new series of products belonging to this class of compounds, possessing different functionalities and exhibiting potential antioxidant activity.As part of our on-going program on targeting molecules with antioxidant activity, we describe herein different DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging activities of MBH alcohols and their derivatives including acetates, phosphonates and hydrazonophosphonates. The obtained results showed that the strongest DPPH radical scavenging activity was observed in the case of hydrazonophosphonates in comparison to the other MBH derivatives.     

Monocyte-macrophage membrane possesses free radicals scavenging activity: stimulation by polyphenols or by paraoxonase 1 (PON1)

Abstract

In the current study, we analysed free radicals scavenging activity of monocytes-macrophages in the absence or presence of antioxidants such as polyphenols or paraoxonase 1 (PON1). THP-1 human monocytic cell line, murine J774A.1 macrophages, as well as human primary monocytes have the capability to scavenge free radicals, as measured by the 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay. This effect (which could be attributed to the cell's membrane) was cell number and incubation time dependent. Upon incubation of J774A.1 macrophages with acetylated LDL (Ac-LDL), with VLDL, or with the radical generator, AAPH, the cells’ lipid peroxides content, and paraoxonase 2 (PON2) activity were significantly increased. While non-treated cells decreased DPPH absorbance by 65%, the Ac-LDL-, VLDL- or AAPH-treated cells, decreased it by only 33%, 30%, or 45%, respectively. We next analysed the effect of J774A.1 macrophage enrichment with antioxidants, such as polyphenols or PON1 on the cells’ free radicals scavenging activity. Non-treated cells decreased DPPH absorbance by 50%, whereas vitamin E-, punicalagin- or PJ-treated cells significantly further decreased it, by 75%. Similarly, in PON1-treated cells DPPH absorbance was further decreased by 63%, in association with 23% increment in PON1 catalytic activity. In cells under oxidative stress [treated with AAPH-, or with oxidized LDL], PON1 activity was decreased by 31% or 40%, as compared to the activity observed in PON1 incubated with non-treated cells. We conclude that monocytes-macrophages possess free radicals scavenging activity, which is decreased under atherogenic conditions, and increased upon cell enrichment with potent antioxidants such as nutritional polyphenols, or PON1.     

New acylated flavonol glycosides from the aerial parts of Gouania longipetala

Two new flavonol diglycosides kaempferol-3-O-(6-O-E-coumaroyl)-β-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-l-rhamnopyranoside and kaempferol-3-O-(6-O-E-feruloyl)-β-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-l-rhamnopyranoside were isolated from the aerial parts of Gouania longipetala in addition to seven known compounds. The structure elucidation of these compounds was based on analyses of spectroscopic data including 1D- and 2D-NMR and HR-ESI-MS techniques. The abilities of these compounds to scavenge the DPPH were evaluated. Results showed that compounds 2, 3, 8 and 9 have antioxidant potential with EC₅₀ values ranging from 13.8 to 47.4 μM, compared with ascorbic acid (EC₅₀ 60 μM) which was used as positive control.