食品及饲料中马属动物源性成分的PCR检测研究

采用马和驴mtDNA中特异性片段引物 ,利用聚合酶链反应技术 (polymerasechainreaction ,PCR) ,建立了饲料中马属动物源性动物成分的快速检测方法。通过内切酶HaeⅢ、Sau3A和AluⅠ可对扩增结果进行验证并能够区分马成分和驴成分。扩增产物测序结果表明 :驴扩增产物序列与数据库序列完全一致 ,马样品扩增产物与数据库序列的同源性达 99%。该方法的检测低限分别为 0 5 %(w w)和 0 2 5 %(w w) ,可作为食品及饲料中马属动物成分鉴别检测的有效方法。     

PCR-RFLP和多重PCR技术检测常见病原性丝状真菌的实验研究

目的建立检测常见丝状真菌感染病原菌的PCR-RFLP和多重PCR方法。方法建立以PCR技术为基础的限制片段长度多态性(RFLP)方法 ,首先用真菌通用引物扩增丝状真菌的ITS区,然后用限制性核酸内切酶对PCR产物进行酶切。用4种丝状真菌的特异性引物建立多重PCR体系,用该体系检测单模板、双模板和三模板的扩增情况,并测定该体系的特异性和敏感性。结果用PCR-RFLP技术能够鉴别5种常见丝状真菌,多重PCR能够根据扩增片段的不同鉴别菌种,在合适的反应条件下,对单模板、双模板和三模板均能扩增出目的片段。结论 PCR-RFLP和多重PCR技术能够快速鉴定丝状真菌感染病原菌,有临床应用的良好前景。     

大豆fad基因反义表达载体构建及转化烟草研究

使用PCR方法从大豆基因组DNA中扩增出大豆油酸脱饱和酶基因fad2-1,连接到pMD18-T载体中,转化大肠杆菌JM109菌株.测序后,用DNAstar软件进行同源性比对.然后将正确的序列反向克隆到表达载体pBt,并转化农杆菌菌株LBA4404,经双酶切鉴定和PCR扩增检测,获得具有该基因反向序列的农杆菌工程菌,转化...     

用MLVA技术和多重PCR对犬种布氏菌基因分型

目的：对犬种布氏菌的遗传关系进行不同分子分型方法的对比研究,为犬布病分子流行病溯源提供有效方法。方法：采用多重PCR和多位点可变数量串联重复序列分析（MLVA）方法对24株犬种布氏菌的遗传关系进行比较研究。结果：多重PCR只鉴定出1株犬种布氏菌,其余23株均鉴定为猪种鲁氏菌,但不能鉴定型别;MLVA方法对已鉴定为猪种的布氏菌仍可再细分为型,87%（20/23）为猪3型,13%（3/20）为猪1型。结论：MLVA可以对布氏菌种（生物型）进行基因分型鉴定,可以作为传统表型鉴定方法的补充。     

猴副流感病毒SV5 PCR检测方法的建立与初步应用

目的建立检测SV5的PCR方法并加以初步应用。方法根据GenBank中报道的SV5序列,针对其中的SH基因设计引物进行PCR反应,扩增产物进行测序并用BLAST软件进行同源性比对,同时利用限制性内切酶的酶切反应以证实此PCR反应的特异性。在此基础上设计巢式PCR提高此方法的灵敏度。利用此方法对20份猴肾源细胞培养物和40份血清标本进行检测。结果利用设计的引物扩增出的序列测序结果证实与报道的SV5SH基因相对位置的序列一致。AccⅢ限制性内切酶可对PCR产物进行特异性酶切。巢式PCR比一次PCR的敏感度有所提高。用此方法检测的20份猴肾源细胞培养物和40份血清标本结果为阴性。结论初步建立了检测SV5病毒的PCR方法,排除实验室用20份猴肾源细胞培养物和40份血清标本SV5的污染。     

猴副流感病毒SV5的PCR检测方法建立及初步应用

[目的]建立检测SV5的PCR方法并加以初步应用。[方法]根据Genbank中报道的SV5序列,针对其中的SH基因设计引物进行PCR反应,扩增产物进行测序并用BLAST软件进行同源性比对,同时利用限制性内切酶的酶切反应以证实此PCR反应的特异性。在此基础上设计巢式PCR提高此方法的灵敏度。利用此方法对20份猴肾源细胞培养物和40份血清标本进行检测。[结果]利用设计的引物扩增出的序列测序结果证实与报道的SV5SH基因相对位置的序列一致。AccIII限制性内切酶可对PCR产物进行特异性酶切。巢式PCR比一次PCR的敏感度有所提高。用此方法检测的20份猴肾源细胞培养物和40份血清标本结果为阴性。[结论]本文首次初步建立了检测SV5病毒的PCR方法,排除实验室用20份猴肾源细胞培养物和40份血清标本SV5的污染。     

多重PCR技术检测微生物肥料中巨大芽孢杆菌和蜡样群芽孢杆菌的研究与应用

巨大芽孢杆菌是微生物肥料生产中的常用菌种, 与之形态上相似的蜡样群芽孢杆菌(蜡样芽孢杆菌、苏云金芽孢杆菌、蕈状芽孢杆菌)则是产品中常见的污染菌, 传统方法区分两者费时费力, 有必要建立检测这两类芽孢杆菌的PCR方法。本文利用已登录的spoOA基因序列分别设计和筛选了上述两个种(群)的特异引物, 并建立了多重PCR检测技术。使用该方法对巨大芽孢杆菌、蜡样群芽孢杆菌和其他芽孢菌共3属13种24株标准菌株的基因组DNA进行扩增, 以检验其特异性。结果显示, 巨大芽孢杆菌、蜡样群芽孢杆菌基因组DNA分别产生大小不同的唯一产物, 其他芽孢杆菌均为阴性。该多重PCR检测方法的灵敏度经测定为105 CFU/mL。同时对10株待测菌株和8个微生物肥料产品进行检测, 其鉴定结果与常规鉴定结果一致。以上结果表明, 本文建立的多重PCR方法具有较高的特异性和灵敏度, 可快速、准确鉴定巨大芽孢杆菌和蜡样群芽孢杆菌, 在微生物肥料检测方面有良好的实用前景。     

应用改进的通用荧光PCR引物进行多重STR分型

通过设计通用荧光PCR引物并结合DNA测序系统建立了小鼠的多重STR分型方案.实验针对小鼠基因组设计了两对不同的通用引物序列,标记了FAM荧光的通用序列和"加尾"的位点特异性引物共同用于小鼠的多重PCR的STR基因分型.本研究优化了通用引物和特异性引物间的比例,优化了多重STR-PCR的反应条件,并最终利用该技术方案实现了五重STR分型.实验验证了该方案在多重STR分型中的可行性.与传统的荧光检测PCR产物方案相比,应用通用方案完成多重PCR反应大大节省了实验时间与经费.     

大白菜抗软腐病基因BrWRKY33植物表达载体的构建

利用农杆菌侵染法获得抗软腐病转BrWRKY33基因大白菜,首先要构建植物表达载体。本实验根据BrWRKY33基因的序列及pROK2表达载体的酶切位点设计引物(FN/RN),获得BrWRKY33基因,然后将该基因连接到克隆载体pGEM-TEasy,重新构建了克隆载体T-WRKY。经测序及酶切验证,选取PCR反应中错配率最低的产物,构建了表达载体pROK2-WRKY,并将该表达载体转入到根癌农杆菌EHA105中,并对其转化子进行了鉴定。结果表明,PCR扩增获得目的基因BrWRKY33全长约1443bp,PCR及酶切结果鉴定表明克隆载体T-WRKY已经重新构建成功。表达载体的PCR及BamHⅠ和KpnⅠ双酶切鉴定表明有4个重组子表现阳性,表明目的基因已经插入到pROK2表达载体,表达载体构建成功。PCR鉴定表明表达载体pROK2-WRKY已经转入根癌农杆菌EHA105中。本实验结果将为进一步研究大白菜抗软腐病基因的转化奠定基础。     

PCR结合酶切-序列比对法鉴定B群脑膜炎奈瑟菌菌株

目的用PCR结合酶切-序列比对法对B群脑膜炎奈瑟菌菌株进行鉴定。方法用玻片凝集法对不同来源的15株B群脑膜炎奈瑟菌菌株进行初步检定,再用PCR结合酶切-序列比对法对上述15株菌株进行进一步鉴定,即用PCR结合酶切法扩增菌株的唾液酸转移酶sia D基因并对PCR产物进行酶切后,用BLAST软件将PCR产物测序结果与Gene Bank中原始sia D序列比对。结果 15株菌株玻片凝集结果均为阳性;15株菌株的PCR产物片段大小均为460 bp;TaqⅠ酶切后,13株菌株的酶切产物片段大小仍为460 bp,其PCR产物测序比对结果与B群脑膜炎奈瑟菌原始sia D序列同源性均达到99%;其余2株酶切产物片段大小约200 bp,与C群脑膜炎奈瑟菌sia D原始基因序列同源性分别为98%和99%。结论 15株菌株经PCR结合酶切-序列比对法鉴定,13株为B群脑膜炎奈瑟菌菌株,2株为C群脑膜炎奈瑟菌菌株;该方法可准确鉴定B群脑膜炎奈瑟菌菌株。     

Evaluation of three polymerase chain reaction techniques for detection of Brucella DNA in peripheral human blood

Brucellosis is a widespread zoonosis. Currently the diagnosis of this zoonosis is based on microbiological and serological laboratory tests. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been used to detect DNA from Brucella. Different target genes, primer pairs, PCR techniques, and extraction procedures have previously been published for Brucella detection. But only a few of these primers have been used in human samples, and only one study has been carried out to compare sensitivity between them. In the present study, 3 sets of primers and 3 different PCR protocols amplifying 3 different regions of the Brucella genome were compared for detection of Brucella DNA in a peripheral-blood PCR assay to conclude which is most suitable for the clinical diagnostic laboratory. These 3 pairs of primers amplify 3 different fragments included in (i) a gene encoding a 31 kDa Brucella abortus antigen (B4/B5), (ii) a sequence 16S rRNA of B. abortus (F4/R2), and (iii) a gene encoding an outer membrane protein (omp-2) (JPF/JPR). Some modifications on the reported techniques were applied during the present work to improve the outcome. The results showed that the B4/B5 primer pair had the highest sensitivity for detection of positive samples (98%), the JPF/JPR primer pair detected 88.4% of positive samples, whereas F4/R2 primer pair was the least sensitive, being able to detect only 53.1% of positive samples. The specificity of the 3 techniques was 100%. The B4/B5 primer pair was also able to detect the smallest number of bacteria (700 cfu/mL), whereas JPF/JPR was able to detect 7 x 105 cfu/mL and F4/R2 was able to detect 7 x 107 cfu/mL. It is thus concluded that using the B4/B5 primer PCR with the suggested modifications is a robust assay, which meets the sensitivity requirements to be used for testing of human blood samples for brucellosis in the diagnostic laboratory.     

Array-based mutation detection of BRCA1 using direct probe/target hybridization

We describe here an efficient microarray-based multiplex assay to detect Korean-specific mutations in breast cancer susceptibility gene BRCA1 using direct probe/target hybridization. Allele-specific oligonucleotides were covalently immobilized on an aldehyde-activated glass slide to prepare an oligonucleotide chip. From a wild-type sample, a two-step method was used to generate labeled multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification products of genomic regions containing the mutation sites. Amino allyl-dUTP, an amine-modified nucleotide, was incorporated during multiplex PCR amplifications and a monofunctional form of cyanine 3 dye was subsequently attached to the reactive amine group of the PCR products. Hybridization of the labeled PCR products to the oligonucleotide chip successfully identified all of the genotypes for the selected mutation sites. This work demonstrates that oligonucleotides chip-based analysis is a good candidate for efficient clinical testing for BRCA1 mutations when combined with the indirect strategy to prepare labeled target samples.     

Use of a dual priming oligonucleotide system to detect multiple sexually transmitted pathogens in clinical specimens

Aims:  To evaluate a new dual priming oligonucleotide (DPO)-based multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for detection of six sexually transmitted pathogens, including Chlamydia trachomatis , Neisseria gonorrhoeae , Mycoplasma genitalium , Mycoplasma hominis , Ureaplasma urealyticum and Trichomonas vaginalis .
Methods and Results:  Using 130 clinical specimens, the results obtained by the multiplex PCR, previously established in-house PCR and COBAS Amplicor PCR assays were compared. The specimens frequently contained multiple pathogens (34/130 specimens). The multiplex PCR assay had an overall sensitivity of 96% and specificity of 100% compared to the in-house PCR assay at >20 μg ml⁻¹ of DNA concentrations in samples and there was no cross-reaction with nonpathogenic Neisseria species that cause the majority of false-positive results with the COBAS Amplicor PCR assay.
Conclusions:  The DPO-based multiplex PCR assay detected the six sexually transmitted pathogens in clinical specimens with a high sensitivity and specificity, although its sensitivity was dependent on the DNA content of the samples.
Significance and Impact of the Study:  It is the first report about the new DPO-based technique to detect multiple sexually transmitted pathogens in a single assay, which has considerable potential to diagnose the infections accurately and rapidly.     

基因芯片技术检测3种肠道病原微生物方法的建立

目的:建立一种运用多重PCR和基因芯片技术检测和鉴定伤寒沙门氏菌、痢疾杆菌和单核细胞增生利斯特菌的方法。方法:分别选取伤寒沙门氏菌染色体ViaB区域中编码调控Vi抗原表达的基因(vipR)、痢疾杆菌编码侵袭质粒抗原H基因(ipaH)和单核细胞增生利斯特菌溶血素基因(hlyA)设计引物和探针,探针3'端进行氨基修饰,下游引物标记荧光素Cy3。在优化的PCR和杂交反应条件下,进行三重PCR扩增,产物与包括3种致病菌特异性探针的基因芯片杂交。在评价基因芯片的特异性和灵敏度之后,对临床样本进行检测。结果:只有3种目的致病菌的PCR产物在相应探针位置出现特异性信号,其他阴性细菌均无信号出现;3种致病菌的检测灵敏度均可达到103CFU/mL;检测30例临床样本的结果与常规细菌学培养结果一致。结论:所建立的可同时检测伤寒沙门氏菌、痢疾杆菌和单核细胞增生利斯特菌的基因芯片方法快速、准确,特异性高,重复性好,为3种肠道致病菌的快速检测和鉴定提供了新方法和新思路。     

基因芯片技术检测3种食源性致病微生物方法的建立

建立一种运用多重PCR和基因芯片技术检测和鉴定志贺氏菌、沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌O157的方法, 为3种食源性致病菌的快速检测和鉴定提供了准确、快速、灵敏的方法。分别选取编码志贺氏菌侵袭性质粒抗原H基因(ipaH)、沙门氏菌肠毒素(stn)基因和致泻性大肠杆菌O157志贺样毒素(slt)基因设计引物和探针, 进行三重PCR扩增, 产物与含特异性探针的芯片杂交。对7种细菌共26株菌进行芯片检测, 仅3种菌得到阳性扩增结果, 证明此方法具有很高的特异性。3种致病菌基因组DNA和细菌纯培养物的检测灵敏度约为8 pg。对模拟食品样品进行直接检测, 结果与常规细菌学培养结果一致, 检测限为50 CFU/mL。结果表明：所建立的基因芯片检测方法特异性好, 灵敏度高, 为食源性致病菌的检测提供了理想手段, 有良好的应用前景。     

A Multiplex PCR Assay Mediated by Universal Primer for the Diagnosis of Human Meningitis Caused by Six Common Bacteria

The present study aimed to develop a universal primer-multiplex PCR (UP-M-PCR) assay for the detection of six common bacteria associated with human meningitis. One optimal universal primer (UP) was selected from three UPs by comparing their sensitivities and specificities. All specific primers were tagged with the UP sequence at 5' end, and applied to the multiplex PCR system. The multiplex system was further optimized and assessed. This UP-M-PCR can successfully detect the six meningitis-associated pathogens with high specificity, and the sensitivity could reach up to 10 copies. In the identification of clinical specimens, six positive cases infected with Streptococcus agalactiae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae were confirmed. The newly developed multiplex PCR system can be used to detect the six pathogens associated with human bacterial meningitis with high specificity and sensitivity.     

Molecular-beacon multiplex real-time PCR assay for detection of Vibrio cholerae

A multiplex real-time PCR assay was developed using molecular beacons for the detection of Vibrio cholerae by targeting four important virulence and regulatory genes. The specificity and sensitivity of this assay, when tested with pure culture and spiked environmental water samples, were high, surpassing those of currently published PCR assays for the detection of this organism.     

Detection of methicillin-resistant <Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">Staphylococcus aureus</Emphasis> (MRSA) from nasal samples by multiplex real-time PCR based on dual priming AT-rich primers

In this study, we reported on the design of a multiplex real-time PCR assay based on SYBR Green I, incorporating dual priming adenine-thymine (AT)-rich primers for direct detection of MRSA from nasal samples. The multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay reported in this study is based on SYBR Green I with incorporation of six dual priming AT-rich primers designed from the SCCmec/orf junction. A string (4–6 bp) of low-melting bases, such as adenine and thymine, was incorporated into the primers, which virtually divided a single primer in two functional regions, thus decreasing non-specific PCR products. The analytical sensitivity and specificity of the RT-PCR assay was determined with genomic DNA of reference strains (MRSA, MSSA, and MRCoNS). RT-PCR assay was performed for analysis of 72 nasal swab specimens, and the results were confirmed by use of a culture method. Furthermore, the results of RT-PCR were compared with LightCycler MRSA advance test. The multiplex RT-PCR assay reproducibly detected a minimum of 1 pg genomic DNA (31.5 copy of genome) of MRSA reference strains and clinical isolates, with a specific melting peak at 83.5 ± 1.5°C, and neither fluorescence nor a melting peak was detected in non-target isolates. The concordance rate between RT-PCR assay and culture method was 87.5% with Cohen's kappa value (κ) 0.75, which showed good agreement between the two assays. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the assay were 93.5%, 82.9%, 80.5%, and 94.4%, respectively. In a comparative study for the detection of 72 nasal samples, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the multiplex RT-PCR assay with respect to LightCycler MRSA advance test was 84.2%, 88.2%, 89%, and, 83.3%, respectively. The results of RT-PCR assay demonstrated high specificity (88.2%) and positive predictive value (89%) for the direct detection of MRSA from nasal samples.