结直肠肿瘤围手术期快速康复外科的应用研究

目的探讨结直肠肿瘤围手术期快速康复外科的临床应用价值。方法将我院收治的80例结直肠肿瘤患者随机分为观察组和对照组各40例,观察组以快速康复外科理念为指导进行围术期干预,对照组接受围手术期常规干预,比较两组患者术后胃肠功能恢复情况以及术后并发症发生情况。结果观察组术后首次排气时间、首次排便时间、肠鸣音恢复时间均明显短于对照组(P0.05),且观察组术后并发症发生率低于对照组(P0.05)。结论结直肠肿瘤围手术期采用快速康复外科理念能够降低术后并发症发生率,有利促进患者胃肠功能恢复,具有一定临床应用价值。     

快速康复外科理念对胸腔镜纵隔肿瘤手术患者围术期VAS评分及生活质量的影响

目的探讨快速康复外科理念(FTS)在胸腔镜纵隔肿瘤围术期护理中的应用效果。方法选取2017年1月～2018年1月在我院行胸腔镜下纵隔肿瘤切除术患者70例,随机抽签分为对照组37例和观察组33例。对照组给予常规护理,观察组实施快速康复外科护理理念,比较两组患者视觉模拟评分(VAS)及生活质量量表(SF-36)评分、拔管时间、抗生素使用时间、下床活动时间及住院时间。结果观察组患者的VAS评分显著低于对照组(P0.05),且SF-36评分显著高于对照组(P0.05);观察组患者的拔管时间、抗生素使用时间及住院时间、下床活动时间均短于对照组(均P0.05)。结论对胸腔镜纵隔肿瘤手术患者围术期实施快速康复外科理念,能显著缩短患者住院时间、拔管时间以及下床活动时间,有效缓解患者疼痛,提高生活质量,该护理理念具有积极推广意义。     

系统保留盆腔自主神经的广泛子宫切除术治疗宫颈癌及子宫内膜癌的临床效果分析

目的:探讨系统保留盆腔自主神经广泛子宫切除术治疗宫颈癌及子宫内膜癌的临床效果及安全性。方法:收集2013年6月至2014年6月我院收治的宫颈癌和子宫内膜癌患者82例,将其随机分为观察组与对照组,每组各41例。观察组行系统保留盆腔自主神经的广泛子宫切除术,对照组行传统根治性子宫切除术,比较两组的手术时间、术中出血量、术后拔除尿管时间、残余尿量、术后排气以及排便时间以及术中及术后并发症的发生情况。结果:两组的手术时间及术中出血量比较无明显差异(P0.05),但观察组的术后拔管时间、尿残余量、排气及排便时间均较对照组显著缩短或降低(P0.05)。两组的手术并发症主要包括便秘、血便、腹泻、尿路感染、尿失禁、尿频尿急,观察组并发症的总发生率较对照组显著降低(P0.05)。结论:广泛子宫切除术中系统保留盆腔自主神经有利于保护宫颈癌及子宫内膜癌患者的膀胱和直肠功能,降低手术相关并发症,提高患者的术后康复质量与生活质量。     

肝胆患者外科手术后胃肠恢复功能的临床分析

目的:研究不同处理方式对肝胆患者行外科手术后胃肠恢复功能的影响。方法本组抽取我院于2008年9月至2012年9月收治的肝胆外科手术患者84例,将患者随机分为两组,其中观察组行常规处理,治疗组行针对性处理,观察两组患者的肛门排气时间、进食时间以及腹腔积液情况。结果:观察组患者的肛门排气时间和进食时间分别为(49.22±11.07)h、(43.91±5.07)h,治疗组患者的肛门排气时间和进食时间分别为(31.37±9.64)h、(32.03±4.43)h,观察组的时间明显长于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:肝胆患者行外科手术治疗后,应根据患者的临床症状予以抗生素药物、加强肠内营养干预等,能够促进肠胃功能恢复。     

应用改良快速顺序诱导快速康复外科全麻效果观察

目的:探讨改良快速顺序诱导用于快速康复外科全麻患者的临床效果。方法:随机选择我院2015年1月1日至2015年12月31日胃肠外科行腹腔镜下胃癌根治手术患者共计100例,随机分为观察组和对照组各50例,分别行改良快速顺序诱导和经典快速顺序诱导。并比较术前基本情况、术中情况、术后情况及免疫相关指标。结果:两组患者手术时间、手术方式、肿瘤分期方面分析比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组术中出血量及补液量均少于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组术后排气时间、排便时间、住院时间、进食时间均明显早于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。术前、术后1日、术后3日、出院前,Ig G差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:改良快速顺序诱导用于快速康复外科全麻患者可加速患者术后的恢复,提升术后免疫力。     

加速康复外科护理对直肠癌患者术后营养状况和康复效果的影响

目的：探讨与分析直肠癌患者应用加速康复护理对术后营养情况及康复效果的影响和价值。方法：选择就诊于南京医科大学附属无锡市第二人民医院的直肠癌患者共96例纳入研究并随机分为观察组和对照组,对照组患者给予围手术期常规护理,观察组患者在常规护理基础上接受加速康复外科护理,比较2组术后营养状况及康复效果。结果：观察组患者术后总蛋白、前白蛋白、白蛋白水平明显高于对照组,差异显著（P＜0.05）;观察组术后胃肠功能恢复时间、下床活动时间、并发症发生率均显著优于对照组,以上差别具有统计意义（P＜0.05）。结论：直肠癌手术治疗患者围手术期应用加速康复外科护理,缩短患者胃肠功能恢复时间、降低并发症发生率同时提升患者满意度,值得临床推广。     

快速康复外科可缓解妇科腹腔镜手术围手术期的镇痛和不良反应

为探讨快速康复外科在妇科腹腔镜手术围手术期的应用效果,本研究对2015年5月至2017年6月在本院应用腹腔镜手术治疗的122例患者随机分组,对照组患者应用常规护理,试验组患者实施快速康复外科,观察比较两组患者非切口疼痛持续时间、各时间点视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale, VAS)、术后恶心呕吐发生率、术后恶心程度视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale of nausea, NVAS)、胃复安使用率、围手术情况差异。结果表明,试验组患者2 h疼痛比例1.64%、6 h疼痛比例8.20%、24 h疼痛比例3.28%、48 h疼痛比例0.00明显低于对照组(p0.05);试验组患者手术结束时VAS评分(3.87±1.05)分、术后2 h (3.61±0.87)分、术后6 h (2.34±0.56)分、术后24 h (2.17±0.34)分、术后48 h (0.23±0.09)分明显低于对照组(p0.05);试验组患者恶心呕吐发生率6.56%、术后NVAS评分(1.21±0.68)分和胃复安使用率4.92%,差异具有统计学意义(p0.05);试验组患者引流管拔除时间(2.51±0.96) d、术后排气时间(1.42±0.53) d、住院时间(8.51±2.49) d同对照组比较明显下降(p0.05)。本研究初步表明,针对妇科腹腔镜患者应用快速康复外科可缓解疼痛,降低术后恶心呕吐发生率,提高治疗效果,促进患者康复,值得推广应用。     

妇科联合普外科腹腔镜手术15例临床分析

目的:探讨妇科外科联合进行腹腔镜手术的临床特点。方法:选择因妇科疾病合并普外科疾病而需行联合腹腔镜手术的患者15例为观察组,选取同期因单一妇科疾病行腹腔镜手术的患者例15例为对照组,对两组患者的平均手术时间、肠功能恢复时间、术后平均住院日和术后并发症发生情况等指标进行分析比较。结果:两组患者手术均获得成功,无1例中转开腹,也无1例严重并发症发生。观察组的平均手术时间为(130 92)min,对照组平均手术时间为(110±82)min,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组的术后肠功能恢复时间及术后平均住院日分别为(20±10)h、(3.7±1.5)d,对照组分别为(19±10)h、(3.5±1.3) d;两组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:妇科普外科联合进行腹腔镜手术是安全有效的。     

旋切器配合腹腔镜辅助阴式切除巨大子宫16例临床观察

目的:探讨旋切器配合腹腔镜辅助阴式巨大子宫全切术的可行性及安全性。方法:选择16例子宫肌瘤超过妊娠12w大小的患者,同时选择同期行常规开腹手术治疗的患者16例进行术后恢复情况进行比较分析。对两组患者的手术时间、最高体温、肛门排气时间及平均开始下床活动时间等情况进行分析比较。结果:手术均获得成功,无一例中转开腹,也无一例严重并发症发生。观察组的平均手术时间为140min,观察组的术后肠功能恢复时间及术后开始下床活动时间分别为24h及9.4d,对照组分别为50h及41.3d,两组比较,差异显著性(P<0.01)。术后3天内最高体温观察组为37.6℃,对照组为38.8℃,差异显著(P<0.01)。观察组出血量50-100ml,平均77.3ml,对照组出血量100-150ml,平均开腹手术组均123.4ml。两组比较观察组术中出血量少于对照组。差异显著(P<0.01)。结论:旋切器配合腹腔镜辅助阴式巨大子宫全切术扩大了手术适应症,临床是可行及安全的。     

小剂量纳洛酮硬膜外应用对胃癌术后芬太尼静脉自控镇痛效果及胃肠功能的影响

目的:探讨小剂量纳洛酮硬膜外应用对胃癌术后芬太尼静脉自控镇痛效果及胃肠功能的影响。方法:选取我院2010年7月-2015年7月收治的110例胃癌患者为研究对象,将所有患者随机分为试验组和对照组各55例,两组患者均行根治性肿瘤切除术,术后采用芬太尼静脉自控镇痛,试验组于术后硬膜外注入小剂量纳洛酮,对照组注入等量的生理盐水,对两组术后不同时间点(4 h、8 h、12 h、24 h)疼痛程度进行评分,对比两组肠鸣音恢复时间、肛门排气时间、肛门排便时间、胃动力恢复时间,镇痛泵药物消耗量及并发症发生率。结果:术后4 h,试验组疼痛评分明显低于对照组(P0.05),术后8 h、12 h两组患者的疼痛评分均有显著上升(P0.05),且试验组患者的疼痛评分均远低于对照组(均P0.05),术后24 h,试验组与术后12 h比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),对照组术后24 h疼痛评分与术后12 h分相比有显著差异(P0.01);试验组患者肠鸣音恢复时间、肛门排气时间、肛门排便时间、胃动力恢复时间、镇痛泵药物消耗量、芬太尼用量均远远低于对照组(P0.05);试验组并发症总发生率(7.27%)远远低于对照组(23.64%),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:采用小剂量纳洛酮硬膜外应用方法辅助术后镇痛可以有效的减轻患者的疼痛,降低并发症的发生率,促进胃肠功能恢复,疗效显著,值得在临床上推广使用。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.