Hcy, hs-CRP与急性脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化关系的研究

目的:探讨急性脑梗死患者血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)与颈动脉粥样硬化的相关性及临床意义。方法:收集确诊为急性脑梗死患者90例,对患者进行颈动脉超声检查,根据颈动脉狭窄程度将患者分成颈动脉内膜正常组、轻度狭窄组、中-重度狭窄组。比较三组患者斑块检出率、Hcy、hs-CRP水平和IMT厚度,同时对Hcy、hs-CRP与IMT进行相关性分析。结果:中-重度狭窄组斑块检出率为86.4%,显著高于轻度狭窄组和颈动脉内膜正常组(P0.05);颈动脉内膜正常组Hcy、hs-CRP水平以及IMT厚度均显著低于颈动脉轻度狭窄组、中-重度狭窄组(P0.05);hs-CRP与IMT呈正相关(r=0.71,P0.05);Hcy与IMT呈正相关(r=0.79,P0.05)。结论:血清Hcy和hs-CRP水平与颈动脉粥样硬化程度密切相关,Hcy、hs-CRP联合检测对急性脑梗死的早期诊断和预后有着重要临床意义。     

急性脑出血患者颈动脉斑块与血清hs CRP 及HbAlc的相关性研究

目的:探究急性脑出血患者颈动脉斑块与血清超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)及糖化血红蛋白(Hb Alc)的相关性。方法:随机选取我院2013年5月至2015年1月脑科收治的急性脑出血患者84例,根据颈动脉粥样硬化标准将所有患者分为单纯脑出血组(n=25)、轻度粥样硬化组(n=34)和重度粥样硬化组(n=25)三组,另选取同期我院健康体检者50人(对照组)。对比分析四组颈总动脉膜厚度(IMT)空腹血糖(FPG)、三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、hs-CRP与Hb Alc水平,分析急性脑出血患者颈动脉斑块的危险因素。结果:四组的IMT、TC、TG、HDL、LDL、hs-CRP和Hb Alc水平差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05),其中hs-CRP和Hb Alc水平在单纯脑出血组轻度粥样硬化组重度粥样硬化组(P0.05);IMT与hs-CRP和Hb Alc均呈现正相关(r=0.388、0.420,P0.05);IMT、hs-CRP和Hb Alc均为颈动脉粥样硬化的危险因素(OR=3.065、1.978、1.647,P0.05)。结论:急性脑出血患者体内hs-CRP及Hb Alc水平是颈动脉斑块形成的危险因素。     

早期原发性高血压患者血管内皮功能与颈动脉弹性功能、颈动脉内-中膜厚度的相关性研究

目的:研究早期原发性高血压患者血管内皮功能与颈动脉弹性功能、颈动脉内-中膜厚度(IMT)的相关性。方法:选取2017年4月至2018年5月福建医科大学附属宁德市医院收治的早期原发性高血压患者80例为研究对象,记为研究组,另选取同期于我院进行体检的健康志愿者69例记为对照组,采用彩色超声诊断仪分别检测并比较两组受试者血管内皮功能、颈动脉弹性功能和IMT,并采用Pearson相关性分析早期原发性高血压患者血管内皮功能与颈动脉弹性功能参数和颈动脉IMT的相关性。结果:与对照组比较,研究组基础内径明显增厚,内皮依赖性血管扩张值(FMD)明显降低(P0.05),而两组内皮非依赖性血管扩张值(NMD)比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。与对照组比较,研究组顺应性(AC)均明显降低,而硬度指数、压力应变弹性系数(Ep)、IMT明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。经Pearson相关性分析显示,早期原发性高血压患者FMD与AC呈正相关,与硬度指数、Ep、IMT呈负相关(P0.05),而NMD与硬度指数、Ep、AC、IMT无相关性(P0.05)。结论:早期原发性高血压患者血管内皮功能明显受损、颈动脉弹性功能下降、IMT增厚,同时,患者血管内皮功能受损与颈动脉弹性功能下降、IMT增厚密切相关。     

血清同型半胱氨酸及超敏C反应蛋白水平与老年原发性高血压患者颈动脉粥样硬化程度的关系研究

目的:探讨血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)及超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平与老年原发性高血压患者颈动脉粥样硬化程度的关系。方法:选择我院于2015年5月至2017年10月收治的141例老年原发性高血压患者作为研究对象。检测所有患者颈动脉内膜-中层厚度(IMT),并根据IMT将其分为正常组(IMT≤1.0 mm,n=28)、增厚组(1.0 mmIMT1.5 mm,n=53)和斑块组(IMT≥1.5 mm,n=60)。比较三组患者血清Hcy、hs-CRP、总胆固醇(TC)及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平,采用Pearson相关分析四项指标与IMT的相关性,采用多元线性逐步回归分析IMT增厚的影响因素。结果:增厚组与斑块组血清Hcy、hs-CRP、TC、LDL-C水平均明显高于正常组,且斑块组血清Hcy、hs-CRP、TC、LDL-C水平明显高于增厚组,差异具有统计学意义(均P0.05)。Pearson相关分析结果表明,血清Hcy、hs-CRP、TC、LDL-C水平均与IMT呈正相关关系(r=0.775、0.836、0.492、0.415,均P0.05)。多元线性逐步回归分析结果显示,血清Hcy、hs-CRP均为IMT增厚的独立危险因素(OR=5.689、7.381,均P0.05)。结论:老年原发性高血压患者颈动脉粥样硬化程度与血清Hcy、hs-CRP关系密切,临床上检测其Hcy、hs-CRP水平可在一定程度上评估颈动脉粥样硬化程度。     

冠心病患者颈动脉粥样硬化超声相关参数与病变严重程度的关系

目的:研究冠心病患者颈动脉粥样硬化超声相关参数与病变严重程度的关系,为冠心病的诊断提供依据。方法:选取2015年1月至2016年6月我院收治的冠心病患者100例作为研究组,根据冠状动脉造影结果分为1支病变组(24例),2支病变组(44例)和3支病变组(32例)。根据Gensini评分分为轻度病变组(Gensini评分20分,n=26),中度病变组(20分≤Gensini评分40分,n=45)和重度病变组(Gensini评分≥40分,n=29)。另选取同期医院体检的健康体检者30例作为对照组。应用颈动脉超声多普勒检查各组颈动脉超声相关参数,采用Pearson相关性分析超声相关参数与病变严重程度的关系。结果:研究组颈动脉中膜厚度(IMT)、颈总动脉硬化度(β)、颈动脉顺应性(AC)、弹性系数(EP)、脉搏波传导速度(PEVβ)均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。随着冠状动脉病变支数增加,受试者IMT、β、EP、AC、PEVβ升高,其中3支病变组2支病变组1支病变组对照组(P0.05)。随着冠状动脉病变程度增加,受试者IMT、β、EP、AC、PEVβ升高,其中重度病变组中度病变组轻度病变组对照组(P0.05)。经Pearson相关性分析显示:冠心病患者IMT、β、EP、AC、PEVβ与病变血管支数呈正相关(r=0.607,0.428,0.532,0.507,0.556,均P0.05),与Gensini评分呈正相关(r=0.624,0.432,0.517,0.521,0.543,均P0.05)。结论:冠心病患者颈动脉粥样硬化超声相关参数与患者病变程度相关,颈动脉超声检查可以作为冠心病的诊断手段。     

老年原发性高血压患者血清SF、hs-CRP、Hcy、Cys C水平及血脂指标与颈动脉内膜中层厚度的相关性研究

目的:研究老年原发性高血压(EH)患者血清铁蛋白(SF)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、胱抑素C(Cys C)水平及血脂指标与颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)的相关性。方法:选择从2016年6月到2018年1月在广州军区广州总医院心血管内科接受治疗的100例老年EH患者作为研究对象。根据颈动脉的IMT值将患者分为斑块形成组(IMT≥1.3 mm)30例、IMT增厚组(1.0 mmIMT1.3 mm)42例、IMT正常组(IMT≤1.0 mm)28例,对比各组血脂指标以及血清SF、hs-CRP、Hcy、Cys C水平,分析IMT与血脂指标及SF、hs-CRP、Hcy、Cys C的相关性,并分析IMT增厚的危险因素。结果:斑块形成组和IMT增厚组的总胆固醇(TC)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平明显高于IMT正常组(P0.05),且斑块形成组又高于IMT增厚组(P0.05)。斑块形成组和IMT增厚组的血清SF、hs-CRP、Hcy及Cys C水平明显高于IMT正常组(P0.05),且斑块形成组又高于IMT增厚组(P0.05)。根据Spearman相关性分析显示,老年EH患者IMT与SF、hs-CRP、Hcy、Cys C、TC及LDL-C均呈正相关(P0.05)。根据Logistic回归分析结果显示,SF、hs-CRP、Hcy、Cys C均是老年EH患者IMT增厚的危险因素(P0.05)。结论:血脂指标中TC、LDL-C及血清SF、hs-CRP、Hcy、Cys C水平与老年EH患者颈动脉IMT密切相关,且SF、hs-CRP、Hcy、Cys C是IMT增厚的危险因素。     

高原地区高血压患者红细胞指标和血清高迁移率族蛋白2与颈动脉粥样硬化的相关性

目的:探讨高原地区高血压患者红细胞指标和血清高迁移率族蛋白2(HMGB2)与颈动脉粥样硬化的相关性。方法:本研究共纳入244例高原地区高血压患者,通过检测颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)分三组:内膜正常组(0.8 mm≤IMT1.0 mm);内膜增厚组(1.0 mm≤IMT1.2 mm);斑块形成组(IMT≥1.2 mm)。收集患者的临床资料,检测患者红细胞指标和血清HMGB2水平及其他生化指标。通过分析IMT与各项指标之间的相关性,评价颈动脉硬化的相关因素。结果:三组间红细胞压积(HCT)、红细胞计数(RBC)、红细胞分布宽度(RDW)、血清HMGB2水平差异均具有统计学意义(均P0.05)。相关分析结果显示,RBC(r=0.368)、HCT(r=0.409)、RDW(r=0.596)、HMGB2(r=0.291)与IMT呈正相关(均P0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示RBC、HCT、RDW、HMGB2是颈动脉硬化的独立危险因素。结论:高原地区高血压患者RBC、HCT、RDW、HMGB2水平与IMT密切相关,且RBC、HCT、RDW、HMGB2水平升高是颈动脉硬化发生的危险因素,可作为动脉硬化早期预测因子。     

H 型高血压患者血清Hcy、Cyst-C及UA水平变化及其在颈动脉粥样硬 化中的预测价值

目的:探讨H型高血压患者血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、尿酸(UA)及胱抑素C(Cyst-C)水平对颈动脉粥样硬化发生的预测价值。方法:本研究于2014年5月~2015年5月期间,选择我院收治确诊为H型高血压患者163例为研究对象,根据其颈动脉内膜中层厚度(c IMT)的不同分为c IMT正常组(51例)、c IMT增厚组(54例)和颈动脉斑块组(58例)。检测并比较三组间性别、年龄、血清Hcy、Cyst-C、UA、血糖(GLU)、血脂、血尿素氮(Bun)、血肌酐(Scr)水平,分析其与颈动脉c IMT的关系,并采用logistic回归分析颈动脉粥样硬化的影响因素。结果:三组间HDL-C、Hcy、Cyst-C、UA水平比较,差异均存在统计学意义(均P0.05);c IMT与Hcy、Cyst-C、UA均呈现正相关关系(r=0.23,0.32,0.30;P0.05),与HDL-C水平呈现负相关关系(r=-0.410,P0.05);Logistic回归分析显示Hcy、Cyst-C、UA水平是颈动脉粥样硬化危险因素(OR=1.203,6.395,1.023;均P0.05)。结论:H型高血压患者血清Hcy、Cyst-C及UA水平均与c IMT正相关,是导致颈动脉粥样硬化的独立危险因素,可用于临床早期预测动脉粥样硬化发生与发展。     

脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2对急性前循环脑梗死患者颈动脉斑块易损性的预测价值

目的:探讨脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2(Lp-PLA2)对急性前循环脑梗死患者颈动脉斑块易损性的预测价值。方法:选取2015年9月至2017年3月我院收治的急性前循环脑梗死患者150例作为研究组,另选同期我院体检健康者100例作为对照组,检测两组血清Lp-PLA2、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平,并应用彩色多普勒超声检查研究组患者颈动脉粥样硬化情况,分析不同颈动脉粥样硬化情况以及不同病情患者血清Lp-PLA2、hs-CRP、颈动脉内膜-中层厚度(IMT),并分析血清Lp-PLA2对颈动脉斑块易损性的预测价值。结果:研究组血清Lp-PLA2、hs-CRP和IMT均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。易损斑块组、稳定斑块组、内膜增厚组血清Lp-PLA2、hs-CRP和IMT均显著高于内膜正常组,易损斑块组、稳定斑块组血清Lp-PLA2、hs-CRP和IMT均显著高于内膜增厚组(P0.05),易损斑块组血清Lp-PLA2、hs-CRP显著高于稳定斑块组(P0.05),而IMT比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。重度组、中度组脑梗死患者血清Lp-PLA2、hs-CRP和IMT均显著高于轻度组,重度组脑梗死患者血清Lp-PLA2、hs-CRP和IMT显著高于中度组(P0.05)。ROC曲线显示血清Lp-PLA2、hs-CRP对脑梗死患者颈动脉斑块易损性预测的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.809(95%CI:0.739-0.883)、0.598(95%CI:0.495-0.694),血清Lp-PLA2对脑梗死患者颈动脉斑块易损性的预测价值显著高于hs-CRP(P0.05)。结论:急性前循环脑梗死患者血清Lp-PLA2出现异常升高,其水平可以反映颈动脉斑块易损性,可为脑梗死诊断提供依据。     

血清尿酸水平对急性脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的影响

目的:探讨血清尿酸(UA)水平对急性脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的影响。方法:回顾性分析2011年6月至2016年1月我院收治的251例急性脑梗死患者的临床资料,根据有无颈动脉粥样硬化斑块分为伴颈动脉粥样硬化斑块组(观察组)176例和无颈动脉粥样硬化斑块组(对照组)75例,观察组根据颈动脉粥样硬化程度分为斑块形成组(113例)、内中膜增厚组(63例),根据颈动脉斑块稳定程度分为不稳定组(106例)、稳定组(70例),比较各组血清UA水平,根据UA水平不同分为高UA组(134例)和正常UA组(117例),进行颈动脉斑块发生情况比较。结果:观察组的血清UA水平显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。(1)斑块形成组和内中膜增厚组血清UA水平显著高于对照组(P0.05),而斑块形成组和内中膜增厚组血清UA水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);(2)不稳定组血清UA水平显著高于对照组和稳定组(P0.05),而稳定组和对照组血清UA水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);(3)正常UA组和高UA组颈动脉斑块的发生情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:血清UA水平可以作为表征急性脑梗死患者伴随出现颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的生物学指标之一,此外,血清UA的水平在颈动脉粥样硬化斑块形成者和不稳定者表达更高,但血清UA水平与颈动脉斑块形成无明显联系。     

白蚁与动物及微生物的共生类型及其机制

综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中,已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生（宾主共栖和异种共栖）、互利共生和无关共生三种;在与微生物的共生关系中,存在与内生菌（原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌）和外生菌（蚁巢伞菌等）间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题,给出了解决方案,并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向,为白蚁的综合利用（如纤维素酶）及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。     

New amino-dithiaphospholanes and phosphoramidodithioites and their rhodium and iridium complexes

New sulfur derivatives of phosphoramidite ligands were synthesized and the impact of the sulfur unit on the spectroscopic properties of their rhodium and iridium complexes was investigated. The new ligands Bn₂NPSCH₂CH₂S^a(P-S^a) (Bn = benzyl, 4), Bn₂NPSCHCHS^a(CH₂)₃C^aH₂(P-S^a)(C^a-S^a) (6) and Bn₂NP(4-XC₆H₄OMe)₂ (X = S, 7a; X = O, 7b) were converted to the rhodium and iridium complexes trans-[Rh(CO)Cl(L)₂] (L = 4, 6, 7), [RhCl(COD)(L)] (L = 4, 6, 7), [IrCl(COD)(7a)] and [IrCl₂Cp∗(6)]. For comparison, some phosphoramidite complexes of these formulations also were synthesized. The new metal complexes were spectroscopically analyzed. For the carbonyl complexes, the ν_CO IR stretching frequencies were lower than for the corresponding phosphite and phosphoramidite ligands. The ¹J_PRh coupling constants for the rhodium complexes with the new ligands were also smaller than for the respective phosphoramidite and phosphite complexes. Finally, the ¹J_PSe coupling constants of the selenides of the new ligands were lower than those of the phosphoramidite ligands but higher than for PPh₃. The spectroscopic data reveal that the new thio ligands 4, 6 and 7a are more electron donating than phosphites and phosphoramidites but less electron donating than PPh₃.     

Astrocytes and Synaptosomes Transport and Metabolize Lactate and Acetate Differently

Astrocytes transport the monocarboxylate acetate, but synaptosomes do not. The reason for this is unknown, because both preparations express monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). The transport and metabolism of lactate, another monocarboxylate, was examined in these two preparations, and the results were compared to those for acetate. Lactate transport is more rapid in astrocytes than in synaptosomes, but of lower affinity (Kms of 17 and 4 mM, respectively). Lactate (0.2 mM) is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in synaptosomes than in astrocytes (rates of 0.37 and 0.07 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). The reason for this is unclear, but cellular differences in lactate dehydrogenase isotype expression may be involved. Acetate is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in astrocytes than in synaptosomes (rates of 0.43 and 0.02 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). This is likely due to cellular differences in the expression of monocarboxylate transporter subtypes.     

Rapporteur report: Basics and technology and metrology and standards

The first and second sessions of the Workshop focussed on the basics of ultrasound and infrasound, their applications in both industry and medicine, and metrology and protection standards for ultrasound applications.     

Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on strontium and barium bone content and fecal and urinary excretion

To elucidate accumulation of minerals in human iliac arteries with aging, the content of minerals was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Bilateral common, internal, and external iliac arteries of 16 men and 8 women, ranging ages from 65 to 93 yr, were examined. It was found that an extremely high accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred in the common iliac artery at old age, being higher than that of the internal and external iliac arteries. It should be noted that the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus is the highest in the common iliac artery among the human arteries examined to date. Regarding sexual differences, the content of calcium and phosphorus in the common and internal iliac arteries was higher in women than in men, whereas their content in the external iliac artery was lower in women than in men.     

Chemokines and cytokines: axis and allies in asthma and allergy

Allergic asthma can be precipitated by many factors. For the atopic person, fungus, pollen, dust mites, cockroach antigens, and diesel exhaust are all agents that may trigger an allergic attack. Cytokines and chemokines are integral mediators of fungal asthma. From the earliest time points, they recruit and activate the cells required for the clearance of fungus as well as being critical factors involved in the immunopathology of this disease. In the final analysis, it is clear that these mediators can act to the benefit or the detriment of the host.     

Oxidation and nitration of ribonuclease and lysozyme by peroxynitrite and myeloperoxidase

In spite of the many studies on protein modifications by reactive species, knowledge about the products resulting from the oxidation of protein-aromatic residues, including protein-derived radicals and their stable products, remains limited. Here, we compared the oxidative modifications promoted by peroxynitrite and myeloperoxidase/hydrogen peroxide/nitrite in two model proteins, ribonuclease (6Tyr) and lysozyme (3Tyr/6Trp). The formation of protein-derived radicals and products was higher at pH 5.4 and 7.4 for myeloperoxidase and peroxynitrite, respectively. The main product was 3-nitro-Tyr for both proteins and oxidants. Lysozyme rendered similar yields of nitro-Trp, particularly when oxidized by peroxynitrite. Hydroxylated and dimerized products of Trp and Tyr were also produced, but in lower yields. Localization of the main modified residues indicates that peroxynitrite decomposes to radicals within the proteins behaving less specifically than myeloperoxidase. Nitrogen dioxide is emphasized as an important protein modifier.     

Prostaglandin and thromboxane production by human and guinea-pig macrophages and leucocytes

The ability of partially purified human and guinea-pig haematogenous cell populations, when cultured in vitro, to metabolise arachidonic acid (AA) has been studied. Supernatants from 24 hour cell culture have been subjected to analysis for products of AA metabolism by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection.The cell types studied were human peripheral blood monocytes (both glass adherent and non-adherent), neutrophils, eosinophils and leukemic leucocytes; thoracic duct lymphocytes and lung alveolar macrophages. From the guinea-pig, induced and non-induced macrophage or neutrophil enriched peritoneal exudate populations, lymph node cells, peritoneal eosinophils and peripheral blood platelets were examined. Supernatants were assayed for the presence of PGE₂, PGD₂, PGF_2α, TXB₂ and 6-keto-PGF_1α. In all types studied PGE₂ and TXB₂ were the major products formed. The identification of PGE₂ and TXB₂ was confirmed by GC/MS with multiple ion monitoring.The results have been compared with other reports and their possible significance discussed in relation to the proposed role of prostaglandins as mediators and modulators in immunopathology.