经胸超声胸骨右缘切面对Stanford A型主动脉夹层诊断价值的研究

目的:通过经胸超声心动图获取胸骨右缘升主动脉长短轴切面观察Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者的升主动脉结构,探讨对该类患者进行检查时该切面的应用价值。方法:31例经CTA或手术证实为A型主动脉夹层的连续性患者,超声心动图检查除常规通过胸骨左缘切面观察升主动脉结构外,均做胸骨右缘切面以进一步观察升主动脉结构,包括最大内径,有无撕脱内膜及内膜活动情况,同时应用常规胸骨左缘切面和胸骨右缘切面对A型主动脉夹层能够清晰显示出的病例比例加以比较。结果:胸骨左缘切面能够清晰显示升主动脉结构9例,占比例29%。胸骨右缘切面能够清晰显示升主动脉结构20例,比例65%。将两种切面结合能够清晰显示升主动脉结构的比例升高到74%。胸骨右缘肋间切面测得的升主动脉最大径线数值与CTA结果的一致性更好。结论:胸骨右缘肋间切面对A型主动脉夹层显示的清晰度更好,有助于临床诊断,具有重要的参考价值,值得临床广泛推广。     

经胸壁超声心动图在先天性心脏病患者左心室功能评价中的应用价值

目的:比较常规超声和经胸壁超声心动图筛查胎儿先天性心血管畸形的应用价值。方法:选择2012年1月到2017年2月在我院诊治的35例疑似胎儿先天性心脏病的产妇作为研究对象,所有产妇都接受常规超声和经胸壁超声心动图检查,再将结果与病理检查结果进行对比分析,判断其诊断效能。结果:在35例产妇中,病理检查结果显示102处心脏异常情况,其中房室间隔异常35处,动脉心室连接异常28处,房室连接异常25处,动脉干异常14处。二维联合超声心动图对各种类型心血管畸形的正确诊断率都高于常规超声(P0.05)。35例产妇胎儿的PI值为53.44±7.55,CPR值为62.99±5.39。常规超声检查对胎儿先天性心血管畸形的诊断敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值分别为84.9%、50.0%、96.6%和16.7%,而二维联合超声心动图检查的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值分别为97.0%、100.0%、100.0%和66.7%,二维联合超声心动图检查的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值都高于常规超声(P0.05)。结论:超声检查在胎儿先天性心血管畸形诊断中具有重要的意义,经胸壁联合超声心动图检查有利于对心脏形态学进行客观评估,提高诊断效果,有很好的应用价值。     

超声心动图对心肌致密化不全的诊断价值

目的:探讨超声心动图对心肌致密化不全(noncompaction of ventricularmyocardium,NVM)的诊断价值.方法:采用二维、M型及多普勒超声心动图对疑似NVM患者进行多切面扫查.结果:9例患者均为左室受累.超声心动图检查可见左室内多发杂乱的肌小梁和深陷的小梁间隙(即隐窝)交织成的"海绵"样网状结构,其中小梁间隙与心室腔相通,深陷的隐窝内血流与心室腔相交通.非致密化心肌层与致密化心肌层厚度之比大于2.结论:超声心动图是诊断NVM的重要手段,在无明显临床症状时即可诊断,具有特征性意义.     

超声心动图联合心电图对妊娠中期心脏畸形胎儿的诊断价值

摘要 目的：探讨超声心动图联合心电图对妊娠中期心脏畸形胎儿的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析我院2019年1月到2021年1月出生后确诊与尸检确诊为心脏畸形的80例胎儿的临床相关指标,分析80例胎儿超声心动图检查与胎儿心电图检查结果,并分析超声心动图联合心电图对妊娠中期心脏畸形胎儿的诊断价值。结果：80例胎儿有56例出现不同程度的心电图异常现象,其中胎心早搏3例、FQRS振幅增高12例、ST段改变15例、FQRS时限增宽3例、胎心不齐4例、胎心过缓3例、胎心过速16例;80例胎儿通过尸检和出生后随访最终确定左心发育不良综合征（HLHS）4例,单心室6例,完全性心内膜垫缺损（ECD）8例,法洛四联症（TOF）14例,卵圆孔直径大于 6 mm 17例,室间隔缺损（VSD）31例,与超声心动图诊断结果对比无显著差异（P＞0.05）,超声心动图有7例漏诊;联合诊断与超声心动图和心电图对左心发育不良综合征、单心室、完全性心内膜垫缺损胎儿的诊断对比无明显差异（P＞0.05）,对法洛四联症、卵圆孔直径大于 6 mm、室间隔缺损和心脏畸形诊断总数方面联合诊断优于超声心动图和心电图单一诊断（P＜0.05）;通过不同检查的检测价值对比发现,超声心动图联合心电图检查的准确度、敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值明显高于超声心动图与心电图单一检查。结论：超声心动图和心电图对于妊娠中期心脏畸形胎儿的诊断均具有重要价值。心脏畸形胎儿在妊娠中期进行心电图检查会出现异常现象,但是并不能确诊为心脏畸形,还需后续继续应用超声心动图进行检查,最终确诊胎儿是否存在心脏畸形现象。     

彩色多普勒超声快闪伪像与二维超声检查对泌尿系结石的诊断价值研究

目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声快闪伪像与二维超声检查对泌尿系结石的诊断价值。方法 选择2019年6月至2022年5月在我院治疗的86例疑似泌尿系结石患者为研究对象,所有患者均接受彩色多普勒超声快闪伪像与二维超声检查。统计泌尿系结石检出情况,并以CT检查结果作为“金标准”,计算彩色多普勒超声快闪伪像与二维超声检查诊断泌尿系结石的敏感度、特异度及准确率。结果 86例疑似泌尿系结石患者经CT检查发现阳性60例,阴性26例。彩色多普勒超声快闪伪像诊断泌尿系结石的敏感度为91.67%及准确率为91.86%高于二维超声的76.67%及77.91%,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);彩色多普勒超声快闪伪像与二维超声检查诊断泌尿系结石的特异度比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 彩色多普勒超声快闪伪像诊断泌尿系结石的敏感度及准确率高于二维超声,能降低误诊和漏诊率,提高泌尿系结石诊断效能。     

非侵入性起搏器负荷超声心动图对永久起搏器植入术后合并冠脉病变的临床诊断意义

目的：探讨非侵入起搏器负荷超声心动图对永久起搏器植入术后合并冠脉病变的临床诊断意义。方法：采用前瞻性研究,实验对象为24名因房室传导阻滞或慢性心房纤颤而植入永久起搏器的患者（男12人,女12人,平均年龄70.2±6.1岁）,所有患者均因不典型心绞痛入院和完全起搏依赖,心电图改变无法判断是否存在心肌缺血。通过体外程控进行非侵入性起搏器负荷超声心动图检测室壁运动幅度如左室射血分数评估心功能,检测后行冠脉造影术评估冠脉狭窄情况,及实验前后测定B型脑钠肽的变化。结果：24例患者中,有13例通过起搏器负荷超声心动图应激实验测得LVEF随起搏心率增加而降低,这其中又有11例患者通过冠状动脉造影证实其冠脉存在不同程度的狭窄,诊断的准确性84.62%;11例冠脉造影结果阳性的患者实验后30分钟测得的BNP水平较实验前明显升高。结论：非侵入性起搏器负荷超声心动图应激实验作为一种简单、快速、安全及具有诊断意义的方法,可用来评价植入起搏器术后完全起搏依赖,心电图继发性ST-T改变难以判断的心肌缺血,为进一步检查及治疗提供可靠临床数据。     

坐位手术下TEE监测右心房水平反常性动脉空气栓塞(一例病例报道)

女性病人,36岁,右桥小脑角脑膜瘤,拟在坐位下行右枕下乙状窦后入路桥小脑角脑膜瘤切除术.术前患者无系统合并症,意识及定向力正常.麻醉诱导后放置经食道超声心动图(TEE)监测探头,行术中TEE监测;在TEE引导下将中心静脉导管放置至右心房顶端,以备清除术中气栓.手术开始前未见右心房气栓及心房水平的左向右分流;术中肿瘤切除过程中发现右心房气栓,并反常性经卵圆孔进入左心房,经中心静脉导管可有效清除由上腔静脉进入的右心房气栓.术后病人恢复良好出院.坐位手术中常合并空气栓塞,气栓可反常性经卵圆孔进入左心房,TEE可指导中心静脉导管定位,并可及时发现气栓并有效治疗.TEE应成为坐位手术的必备监测手段.     

超声心动图检查对慢性肺源性心脏病患者右心功能的诊断价值

目的:探讨超声心动图检查对慢性肺源性心脏病患者右心功能的诊断价值。方法:选取2016年8月至2017年12月间本院收治的35例慢性肺源性心脏病患者作为实验组,并选择同期健康体检者35例作为对照组,全部受试者均给予超声心动图检查。分别比较两组右房横径(RA)、右室前后径(RV)、肺动脉平均压(MPAP)、射血分数(EF)、舒张晚期A波峰值流速与舒张早期E波峰值流速的比值(A/E)和右心室Tei指数。同时比较实验组采用常规12导联心电图检查及超声心动图检查的诊断阳性率、右心扩大阳性率和右心扩大伴心衰阳性率。结果:与对照组相比,实验组RA、RV以及MPAP均升高,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。与对照组相比,实验组EF明显降低,而A/E值、Tei指数明显升高,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。实验组超声心动图检查的诊断阳性率、右心扩大阳性率和右心扩大伴心衰阳性率均高于常规12导联心电图检查(P0.05)。结论:应用超声心动图检查能够有效诊断慢性肺源性心脏病患者的右心功能,而且操作简单方便,诊断阳性率较高。     

超声心动图检测人工心脏瓣膜功能的价值

自从1951年开展人工心脏瓣膜置换,迄今已有30余年。换瓣适应症的选择,要求系列的观察瓣膜的质地、性能和左室的功能。超声心动图对瓣膜病的诊断经历了M型、二维、脉冲,连续多普勒超声及彩色多普勒的发展过程。近年来,经食道超声、负荷多普勒超声及术中超声越来越得到了广泛应用。本文对各种估价人工瓣的超声心动图方法及一些功能指标的价值进行综述。     

超声联合钼靶X线对直径小于1 cm的乳腺癌诊断价值分析

目的:探讨超声联合钼靶X线对直径小于1 cm的乳腺癌诊断价值。方法:选择我院2012年1月至2017年12月收治的66例乳腺疾病患者,所有患者术前均经钼靶X线及彩色多普勒超声检查,分析其病理结果,分析钼靶X线、彩色多普勒超声及二者联合对乳腺肿块的检查结果(边缘毛刺征、血管、淋巴结、微小钙化),比较其对乳腺癌的灵敏度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值。结果:66例患者中,经病理检查发现恶性肿瘤34例,良性肿瘤32例。与病理检测相比,彩色多普勒超声联合钼靶X线对乳腺肿块的良恶性检出率无差异性(P0.05),而彩色多普勒超声,钼靶X线的良恶性检出率均显著降低(P0.05)。彩色多普勒超声与钼靶X线良恶性检出率对比无差异(P0.05),但均低于彩色多普勒超声联合钼靶X线的检出率(P0.05)。彩色多普勒超声与钼靶X线对乳腺癌的边缘毛刺征的检出率对比无统计学意义(P0.05);彩色多普勒超声对血管和淋巴结的检出率明显高于钼靶X线,而微小钙化的检出率明显低于钼靶X线,对比差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。彩色多普勒超声联合钼靶X线的灵敏度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值均明显高于彩色多普勒超声及钼靶X线(P0.05),钼靶X线及彩色多普勒超声间对比无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:彩色多普勒超声与钼靶X线对直径小于1 cm乳腺癌的诊断各有优势,二者联合应用的诊断价值优于单一诊断方法。     

¿Neurologist's contribution to the diagnosis of sine materia respiratory insufficiency: case report¿

ABSTRACT: Right-to-left shunt (RLS) can be the reason of marked hypoxemia, this diagnosis of respiratory insufficiency is usually difficult to make by Respiratory Physicians as it develops in absence of an intrinsic lung disease. We report a case of RLS in a patient with a hepatopulmonary syndrome caused by chronic autoimmune cholangitis which was suspected clinically by physical examination and by standard CT imaging and MIP reconstruction of the pulmonary vascular bed. Repeated previous transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) studies didn't reveal the shunts. The final diagnosis was performed by a minimally invasive doppler transcranial examination with the use of agitated saline as contrast solution. Transcranial Colour-Coded Duplex Sonography (TCCS) with saline contrast medium injection is described to have an higher sensitivity compared with TTE and comparable with transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in RLS diagnosis. The collaboration of Neurologists to this diagnosis of respiratory insufficiency is really important, as the examination is simple, well tolerated in comparison with the discomfort associated with transesophageal echocardiography, and of minimal invasivity in comparison with angiography which is the ultimate diagnostic procedure in this clinical scenario. TCCS with saline contrast medium injection, should be performed for the diagnosis of chronic hypoxemia for which causes are not detected with routine clinical examinations, in order to confirm RLS.     

Comparison of m-mode echocardiographic left ventricular mass measured using digital and strip chart readings: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study

In contrast with transthoracic echocardiography, transesophageal echocardiography provides a sure way to make the diagnosis of sinus venosus atrial septal defect; on the other hand this abnormality is more complex than that seen with the secundum atrial septal defect, and inexperienced operators may fail to recognize properly the defect. In front of a high reported sensitivity using transesophageal echocardiography, specificity is difficult to assess, due to possible underreporting of diagnostic errors. We describe a false positive diagnosis of sinus venosus atrial septal defect, in the setting of enlarged right chambers of the heart because of pressure overload. Modified anatomy of the heart, together with the presence of a prominent linear structure(probably Eustachian Valve) and an incomplete examination in this case made image interpretation very prone to misinterpretation. In this anatomical setting transesophageal longitudinal "bicaval" view may be sub-optimal for examining the atrial septum, potentially showing false images that need to be known for correct image interpretation. Nonetheless, a scan plane taken more accurately at the superior level would have demonstrated/excluded the pathognomonic feature of sinus venosus atrial septal defect in the high atrial septum, between the fatty limbus and the inferior aspect of the right pulmonary artery; moreover TEE allows morphological information about the posterior structures of the heart that need to be investigated in detail for a complete diagnosis.     

经食道超声心动图评估特发性房颤左心房左心耳的价值

目的:研究经食道超声心动图(TEE)评估特发性房颤左心房左心耳的临床价值。方法:选择自2015年1月到2016年8月在医院接受诊治的特发性房颤患者100例纳入本次研究,阵发性房颤92例,记为阵发性房颤组;持续性房颤8例,记为持续性房颤组。另选同期在医院进行健康体检的心功能正常志愿者90例作为对照组。利用TEE对受试者进行检查,对比房颤组与对照组的左心房及左心耳参数,是否含有自发性显影(LASEC)的房颤患者的左心房及左心耳参数,利用TEE分析对房颤患者的预后情况。结果:阵发性房颤组左心房的前后径和左右径,左心耳血流最大的排空速度(Lev)均明显小于对照组,左心耳的面积变化率及最大的充盈速度(Lfv)均明显大于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。持续性房颤组左心房的前后径和左右径均明显大于对照组,左心耳的面积变化率、Lev及Lfv均明显小于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。阵发性房颤组左心房的前后径和左右径均明显小于持续性房颤组,左心耳的面积变化率、Lev及Lfv均明显大于持续性房颤组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。有LASEC者左心房的前后径和左右径均明显大于无LASEC者,左心耳的面积变化率、Lev及Lfv均明显小于无LASEC者,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。100例房颤患者中发现34例LASEC,占34.00%,其中有18例患者合并有左心耳血栓,占18.00%。总计有66例患者接受导管射频消融疗法,占66.00%,均未在术中及术后7d内出现血栓及栓塞并发症。结论:利用TEE对特发性房颤的患者左心房及左心耳进行评估,有利于更好的辅助患者的临床治疗,值得重视。     

Diagnosis of intra- and pericardial tumor with transthoracic and transesophageal 2D echocardiography

To examine the value of the combined approach of transthoracic and transesophageal 2D-echocardiography in diagnosis of heart tumors this study was performed on 30 patients (11 males, 19 females, age 15 to 82 years) with atrial (n = 17) and pericardial (n = 13) tumors. Echocardiography was performed using an electronic sector scanner (Varian 3400 R) and a 2.25 MHz transducer for the transthoracic approach and a 3.5 MHz transducer at the tip of a 9 mm gastroscope for examination from the esophagus. In 9 of 11 patients with atrial myxoma diagnosis was established by transthoracic echocardiography, whereas in 2 cases with reduced image quality at the conventional approach the tumor was identified by the transesophageal technique. In one of 5 patients with atrial thrombi acoustic properties and mobility could be better judged by transesophageal echocardiography. In 7 of 13 cases with pericardial tumors diagnosis was established by transthoracic echocardiography, whereas in 6 cases diagnosis was achieved by the transesophageal approach only. Thus, transesophageal echocardiography is suggested a decisive additional tool in diagnosis of heart tumors.     

Cor Triatriatum Sinister diagnosed in adult life with three dimensional transesophageal echocardiography

Background

Cor triatriatum is a very rare congenital abnormality, usually symptomatic during childhood, diagnosis in adult age is less common.

Case Presentation

We report the case of a 40 years old woman referred to our hospital for atrial flutter ablation, transthoracic cardiac bidimensional echocardiography showed an abnormal membrane bisecting the left atrium, the diagnosis of cor triatriatum was fully made via three dimensional transesophageal echocardiography. More interstingly three other cardiac anomalies were associated: ostium secundum atrial septal defect, dilated coronary sinus due probably to persistent left superior vena cava and normally functioning bicuspid aortic valve.

Conclusions

Cor triatriatum sinister in adult life is important to recognize because it may be easily surgically correctable when hemodynamically significant. Three Dimensional transesophageal echocardiography is a minimally invasive and highly sensitive diagnostic modality.     

术前使用左心耳3D模型及左心耳封堵体外模拟治疗心房颤动患者的疗效

摘要 目的：探讨术前使用左心耳3D模型及左心耳封堵体外模拟治疗心房颤动患者的疗效。方法：回顾性选择2021年1月至2022年10月来我院诊治的心房颤动患者,对照组行经食管超声心动图检查、心脏CT造影检查及左心耳封堵术。观察组行经食管超声心动图检查、心脏CT造影检查、基于心脏CT造影数据打印左心耳3D模型、应用3D打印模型进行左心耳封堵体外模拟演练及左心耳封堵术,对比两组相关指标。结果：两组经食管超声心动图检查左心耳各径线对比无差异（P>0.05）。两组经CT检查左心耳各径线对比无差异（P>0.05）。两组封堵器固定大小对比有差异（P<0.05）。术后经食管超声心动图检查发现,观察组术后3个月及12个月血流通过封堵器几率高于对照组,但组间对比无差异（P>0.05）。术后3个月及12个月时,两组的左心房内径降低,且同时间点观察组较对照组（P<0.05）;两组术后3个月及12个月时左心室内径对比无差异（P>0.05）。观察组的封堵器型号匹配率较对照组高,手术操作时间、X线曝光量、造影剂使用量、封堵器术中释放次数较对照组低（P<0.05）,观察组的残余分流及手术并发症较对照组低,但组间对比无差异（P>0.05）。观察组术后3个月封堵器位置、有无残腔及不良心血管事件与对照组相比无差异（P>0.05）,术后12个月,封堵器位置良好率较对照组低（P<0.05）,其余两组间对比无差异（P>0.05）。结论：术前使用左心耳3D模型及左心耳封堵体外模拟可提高心房颤动患者的疗效。     

Characterization of pulmonary vein reconnection post Cryoballoon ablation

BackgroundThe Arctic Front Cryoballoon System is a technology in which substrate alterations in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence have not been well characterized. In this study, we evaluated sites of pulmonary vein (PV) reconnections and the accuracy of the Achieve? circular mapping catheter in detecting these reconnections after cryoablation.MethodsThis study included 15 patients undergoing redo AF ablation after a prior single cryoablation procedure. PV reconnection sites were determined by measuring PV signals and high output pacing from 4 vectors of the Achieve catheter. The results were compared with a roving mapping catheter guided by rotational intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) in the left atrium.ResultsAll patients had PV reconnections (2.1 ± 0.8 veins/patient). The left superior PV was most commonly reconnected (n = 11), whereas the right inferior PV was least likely (n = 3). Both carinas (left: n = 11; right: n = 7) and left atrial appendage ridge (n = 11) were also frequently reconnected. Mapping with the Achieve catheter showed a positive predictive value (PPV) 100% and negative predictive value (NPV) 96% when compared with ICE guided mapping. In 2 patients, right superior PV reconnection was not identified by the Achieve.ConclusionDuring redo AF ablation after index cryoablation, multiple PVs are usually reconnected, with both carinas and left atrial appendage ridge being common sites of reconnection. The Achieve mapping catheter was able to identify reconnection with high positive and negative predictive values.     

小波阈值降噪的超声多普勒技术在胎儿中枢神经系统畸形筛查中的临床应用价值

摘要 目的：探究小波阈值降噪的超声多普勒技术在胎儿中枢神经系统（CNS）畸形筛查中的临床应用价值。方法：选择2018年1月-2021年1月于本院进行规范化妊娠早期超声结构筛查的1092例11-13+6周单胎妊娠孕妇,所有孕妇均进行常规超声和小波阈值降噪的超声多普勒技术的检查,并对其妊娠过程和结果进行随访。结果：1092例胎儿产后病理或超声检查显示,胎儿CNS畸形共计19例,发生率为1.74％（19/1092）。其中,露脑畸形8例,无脑畸形5例,前脑无裂畸形3例,脑膜膨出2例,脊柱裂1例。基于小波阈值降噪的超声多普勒技术对胎儿CNS畸形检出的符合率94.74%（18/19）显著高于常规超声63.16%（12/19）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;且基于小波阈值降噪的超声多普勒技术检出胎儿CNS畸形的准确性、敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值均显著高于常规超声,差异均均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：小波阈值降噪的超声多普勒技术对妊娠早期孕妇进行规范化结构筛查更有助于及早发现胎儿CNS畸形,对降低畸形胎儿的出生率以及指导临床治疗方案的选择具有重要指导意义。