我国东南沿海地区的AM真菌IV．四个我国新记录种

本文报道了采自我国山东、福建、广西和海南四省土壤中的四种AM真菌新记录种：1．两型球囊霉Glomus dimorphicum Boyetehko ＆ Tewari;2．多产球囊霉Glomus fecundisporum Schenck ＆ Smith;3亮色盾巨孢囊霉Scutellospora fulgida Koske & Walker;4．网纹盾巨孢囊霉Scutellospora reticulata (Koske,Miller ＆ Walker)Walker ＆ Sanders。文中详细描述了其形态特征和生境状况。     

黄土高原的一个VA霉根真菌新种：三红盾巨孢囊霉

在黄土高原中条山区发现一个盾巨孢囊霉属新种,其孢子无色透明,但球茎状连孢菌丝、芽盾及发芽菌丝均呈明显的红棕色,故命名为三红盾巨孢囊霉Ｓｃｕｔｅｌｌｏｓｐｏｒａ ｔｒｉｒｕｂｉｇｉｎｏｐａ Ｘ．Ｌ．Ｐａｎ ＆ Ｇ．Ｙ．Ｚｈａｎｇ近似种Ｓ．ｇｉｌｍｏｒｅｉ Ｗａｌｋｅｒ ＆ Ｓａｎｄｅｒｓ（１９８６）和Ｓ．ｓｃｕｔａｔａ Ｗａｌｋｅｒ ＆ Ｄｉｅｄｅｒｉｃｈｓ（１９８９）,在许多方面均不同于此新种。村     

黄土高原的VA菌根真菌IV．

红色盾巨孢囊霉(S. erythropa)和珊瑚囊盾巨孢囊霉(S.coralloidea)为国新记录种考察过的样片保存在山西农科院棉花研究所。     

红壤中VA菌根真菌(球囊霉目)的种类和生态分布

本文报道了发育于第四纪红色粘土母质上的红壤中的4属13种VA菌根真菌(球囊霉目):1.细齿无梗囊霉 Acaulospora denticulata Sieverding & Toro;2.丽孢无梗囊霉Acaulospora elegans Trappe & Gerdemann:3.光壁无梗囊霉Acaulospora laevis Gerdeman D & Trappe:4.巨大巨孢囊霉Gigaspora gigantea(Nicol.& Gerd.)Gerdemann & Trappe;5.珍珠巨孢囊霉Gigaspora margarita Becket & Hall;6.聚球囊霉Glomus aggregatum Schenck & Smith;7.明球囊霉Glomus clarum Nicolson & Schenck;8.集球囊霉Glomus fasiculatum(Thaxter)Gerdemann & Trappe;9.地球囊霉Glomus geosporum(Nicol.& Gerd.)Walker;10.木薯球囊霉Glomus manihot Howeler,Sieverding & Schenck;11.变形球囊霉Glomus versiforme(Karsten)Berch;12.美丽盾孢囊霉Scutellospora calospora(Nicol.& Gerd.)Walker & Sanders;13.异配盾孢囊霉Scutellospora heterogama(Nicol.& Gerd.)Walker & Sanders。其中细齿无梗囊霉(Acaulospora denticulata)、巨大巨孢囊霉(Gigaspora gigantea)、木薯球囊霉(Glomus manihot)和异配盾孢囊霉(Scutellospora heterogama)4种为国内新记录种。对这13种VA菌根真菌的形态进行了描述讨论,并对这些种群的出现频度、不同利用方式     

黄土高原的VA菌根真菌Ⅳ.

红色盾巨孢囊霉（S.erythropa）和珊瑚囊盾巨孢囊霉（S.coralloidea）为中国新记录种。考察过的样片保存在山西农科院棉花研究所。     

我国东南沿海地区的AM真菌Ⅳ.四个我国新记录种

本文报道了采自我国山东、福建、广西和海南四省土壤中的四种ＡＭ真菌新记录种：１．两型球囊霉ＧｌｏｍｕｓｄｉｍｏｒｐｈｉｃｕｍＢｏｙｅｔｃｈｋｏ＆Ｔｅｗａｒｉ;２．多产球囊霉ＧｌｏｍｕｓｆｅｃｕｎｄｉｓｐｏｒｕｍＳｃｈｅｎｃｋ＆Ｓｍｉｔｈ;３．亮色盾巨孢囊霉ＳｃｕｔｅｌｏｓｐｏｒａｆｕｌｇｉｄａＫｏｓｋｅ＆Ｗａｌｋｅｒ;４．网纹盾巨孢囊霉Ｓｃｕｔｅｌｏｓｐｏｒａｒｅｔｉｃｕｌａｔａ（Ｋｏｓｋｅ,Ｍｉｌｅｒ＆Ｗａｌｋｅｒ）Ｗａｌｋｅｒ＆Ｓａｎｄｅｒｓ。文中详细描述了其形态特征和生境状况。     

黄土高原的VA菌根真菌IV.

红色盾巨孢囊霉和珊瑚囊盾巨孢囊霉为中国新记录种。考察过的样片保存在山西农科院棉花研究所。     

黄土高原柠条锦鸡儿AM真菌多样性及空间分布

通过对陕西安塞、绥德、横山和榆林等4个不同生态条件下柠条锦鸡儿（Caragana korshinskii）AM真菌多样性和生态分布研究,共分离出4属11种AM真菌,其中球囊霉属（Glomus）5种,无梗囊霉属（Acaulospora）3种,巨孢囊霉属（Gigaspom）1种和盾巨孢囊霉属（Scutellospora）2种。结果表明,缩球囊霉（G．constrictum）和摩西球囊霉（G．mosseae）是柠条锦鸡儿的优势种;不同AM真菌种类出现的生境不同,如刺无梗囊霉（A．spinosa）和美丽盾巨孢囊霉（S．calospora）只出现在绥德,浅窝无梗囊霉（A．lacunosa）仅出现在横山,而易误巨孢囊霉（Gi．decipiens）和红色盾巨孢囊霉（S．erythropa）仅发生在延安样地。AM真菌定殖率及孢子密度与样地生态条件密切相关,泡囊定殖率和孢子密度在绥德最高,丛枝定殖率在榆林最高。采样深度对AM真菌定殖率和孢子密度有显著影响,最大孢子密度发生在10～20cm土层;而AM真菌定殖率在0～10cm或20～30cm土层有最大值。孢子密度与泡囊定殖率呈正相关,与丛枝定殖率呈负相关。孢子密度与土壤有机质、速效P、速效K和Cl含量呈负相关;泡囊定殖率与土壤pH呈正相关,而与土壤湿度、速效K和Cl^-含量呈负相关。     

西藏高原针茅草地土壤因子对丛枝菌根真菌物种多样性的影响

在对西藏高原北部针茅草地根围土壤中的丛枝菌根(AM)真菌种类分离鉴定基础上,研究了藏北针茅草地的土壤质地、pH、有机质和有效磷含量对AM真菌孢子密度、分离频度、相对多度、重要值、物种多样性指数和均匀度的影响.结果表明: 针茅草地根围土壤中共分离鉴定出AM真菌3属15种,其中,球囊霉属9种、无梗囊霉属6种、盾巨孢囊霉属1种.球囊霉属和无梗囊霉属为藏北针茅草地AM真菌的优势属;近明球囊霉和光壁无梗囊霉为藏北高寒草原针茅属植物根围AM真菌的优势种.不同质地土壤中AM真菌孢子密度、分离频度、相对多度和重要值均表现出球囊霉属＞无梗囊霉属＞盾巨孢囊霉属的趋势;土壤pH值对AM真菌种群组成无明显影响,球囊霉属和无梗囊霉属真菌分离频度、相对多度和重要值随土壤pH升高而增加,盾巨孢囊霉属则呈现相反趋势;不同土壤有机质含量范围内,AM真菌孢子密度等各项指标均呈球囊霉属＞无梗囊霉属＞盾巨孢囊霉属,而AM真菌属的分布没有明显规律;土壤有效磷含量对AM真菌种丰度和孢子密度影响较小.研究区域内AM真菌物种多样性指数和均匀度随着土壤有效磷含量升高而增加.     

游动放线菌科分类的研究Ⅳ．链孢囊菌属的分类

6株放线菌经形态、培养特征、生理生化特性、细胞壁组份及DNA中GC克分子百分比的鉴定属于链孢囊菌属(Streptosporangium)。其中除粉红链孢囊菌(Streptosporangium roseum)为已知种外,还有二个新种,本文只报道这两个新种：红橙链孢囊菌(Streptosporangium rubro-aurantiacum n. sp.)：紫红链孢囊菌(Streptoporangium violaceorubrum n. sp.)。后一新种产生抗肿瘤抗菌素——洋红霉紊(Carminomycin)及其他组份。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.