光倒刺鲃的年龄与生长的初步研究

研究了光倒刺鲃(Spinibarbus hollandi)的年龄与生长规律,结果表明:光倒刺鲃鳞片年轮特征主要为疏密切割型。体长与鳞长呈直线相关L=44.44R-11.69,体重与体长呈指数函数相关W=0.0258L2.9125,4龄以前生长较快,生长指标高,体长指标高,体长和体重的相对增长率大,其生长规律可用Von Bertalanffy方程表达:Lt=67.3[1-e-0.2018(t-0.1338)],Wt=5441.44[1-e-0.2018(t-0.1338)]3。体重生长曲线的拐点位于t=5.678,拐点体长Lr=45.313cm,拐点体重Wr=1660.885g。光倒刺鲃雌性一般在3~4龄性成熟,雄鱼3龄时性成熟。     

北江间（鱼骨）的年龄与生长特征

于2007年4月至2009年3月间,在广东北江中上游地区采集间(鱼骨)(Hemibarbus medius)样本640尾,以鳞片作为年龄鉴定材料,对其种群的年龄与生长特征进行了研究.结果表明,间(鱼骨)鳞片上年轮结构清晰,前区主要表现为疏密型,而侧区主要为切割型;鳞片的边缘生长率表明,间(鱼骨)年轮的形成期主要为3～4月份.样本由0+～6+龄7个龄组组成,其中,雌性由1+～6+龄6个龄组组成,主要为1+～4+龄;而雄性由1+～5+龄5个龄组组成,主要为1+～3+龄;在4+ ～6+龄个体中,雌性78尾,雄性27尾,雌性显著多于雄性.体长(L,cm)与体重(W,g)的关系为W=0.011L3.149(♀)、W=0.011L3.135(♂),协方差分析表明,雌雄个体体长与体重关系的差异不显著,所有样本体长与体重的关系式为W=0.011L3.148.体长与鳞长(R,mm)呈幂函数及直线关系,关系式分别为L=6.387R0.853、L=4.569R+ 2.587.拟合的von Bertalanffy生长参数为L∞=29.855 0 cm,k=0.223 1,W∞=483.889 8 g,t0=-0.928 2龄.对理论体长与实测体长、理论体重与实测体重进行x2检验,两者的差异均不显著,表明von Bertalanffy生长方程能较好地拟合间(鱼骨)的生长.体重生长的拐点年龄为4.21龄,拐点体长约为20.37 cm,体重约为166.19 g.作为渔业保护对策,建议起捕年龄3龄以上或体长17 cm以上的个体.     

鄱阳湖通长江水道鲢的生物学参数估算

利用2012年3月—2013年2月在鄱阳湖通长江水道进行的定置网渔获物调查的数据,运用软件Fi SATⅡ对鲢的生长参数以及种群补充模式进行了估算。结果表明:鄱阳湖通长江水道鲢体长范围为81~835 mm;体长(L/mm)和体质量(W/g)的关系式为W=3.987×10-5L2.850(R2=0.964,n=893),von Bertalanffy生长方程的各参数为:渐近体长L∞=879.38 mm,生长系数K=0.100,理论生长起点年龄t0=-1.141。总死亡系数Z=0.520a-1,自然死亡系数M=0.245a-1,捕捞死亡系数F=0.275a-1。鄱阳湖通长江水道鲢开发率E=0.529,存在资源过度利用的趋势。种群补充模式表明,鄱阳湖通长江水道鲢种群补充期出现在6—10月份,因此,建议适当调整禁渔期,以利于其资源的恢复与保护。     

卡特拉鱼形态,食性和生长的研究

观测卡特拉鱼的形态特征和1—3龄鱼主要可量性状及其比例的变动。1—3龄鱼除主食商品饲料外,同时也食较大比例的浮游生物。着重对浮游生物的种类和比例进行了分析。肠长与体长呈直线相关。Y=6.38X-89.95。1—4龄鱼体长和体重相对生长率和生长指标都随年龄增加而逐渐下降。体长与体重呈曲线相关。W=0.00002261L~(3.0569)。采用 Von.Bertalanffy 生长方程分析其生长特性。方程参数 L_∞=821.2mm,W_∞=19616.6g,t_0=0.6年,K=0.3。体长生长不具拐点,生长速度随年龄增加而递减;体重生长具拐点,其值4.3年。此时体重生长速度达最大值。4、3龄前是生长旺盛期,此后进入生长缓慢期。     

北江侧条光唇鱼的年龄与生长特征

于2007年7月至2009年6月间,在北江中上游地区采集了358尾侧条光唇鱼(Acrossocheilus parallens)样本,以鳞片作为年龄鉴定材料,对其年龄与生长特征进行了研究。侧条光唇鱼鳞片上年轮结构清晰,前区主要为疏密型,而侧区主要为切割型;鳞片的边缘生长率显示,其年轮的主要形成期为2~3月份。样本中的雌性由1+~5+龄5个龄组组成,优势龄组为1+~3+龄;而雄性由1+~4+龄4个龄组组成,优势龄组为1+~2+龄。雌鱼的体长(L,cm)范围为5.7~14.8 cm,集中于7.0~13.0 cm之间;体重(W,g)范围为4.75~108.40 g,集中于10.00~30.00 g之间。雄鱼的体长范围为5.7~12.6 cm,集中于7.0~11.0 cm之间;体重范围为4.40~61.50 g,主要集中于10.00~20.00 g之间。体长与体重的关系为W=0.017L3.167、W♀=0.017L3.198、W♂=0.023L3.025,协方差分析表明,雌、雄个体在体长与体重关系上,差异显著。体长(L,cm)与鳞径(R,mm)呈线性关系,L♀=3.126R+1.869、L♂=2.875R+2.152。拟合出Von Bertalanffy生长参数,雌性L∞=17.143 5 cm,k=0.270 5,W∞=150.347 4 g,t0=﹣0.614 6龄;雄性L∞=17.236 5 cm,k=0.226 9,W∞=126.468 6 g,t0=﹣0.921 5龄。雌鱼体重生长的拐点年龄为3.68龄,拐点体长约为11.8 cm,体重约为45.26 g;雄鱼的拐点年龄为3.96龄,拐点体长约为11.5 cm,体重约为37.60 g。作为渔业对策,建议起捕年龄3龄以上或体长10 cm以上的个体。     

丹江口水库凶猛鱼集团生长特性组型的聚类分析

选择体重-体长关系W=aLb中的回归系数a和回归指数b;阶段生长参数的年增长、相对增长率、体长生长比速、生长常数、生长指标和体重的年增重、相对增重率、体重生长比速、年增积量;一般生长型的渐近体长、渐近体重、生长系数、起点年龄、拐点年龄、拐点体重、拐点瞬时增重率等18个反映鱼类生长特性的指标,运用系统聚类方法,将丹江口水库5种主要凶猛鱼组成的集团,从生长特性的差异上划分为大、中、小3个组型,并对划分结果的具体应用和鱼类集团划分的依据等问题进行了讨论。       

亚东鲑的年龄与生长的研究

首次报道了亚东鲑在青藏高原河流中的生长特点。对1999—2002年间在亚东河共采集的462尾亚东鲑(体长范围为93—364mm)进行了年龄与生长的研究。通过鳞片对其中302尾进行年龄鉴定并建立Von Bertalanffy生长方程:雌性(♀)Lt=709.44[1-e-0.1656(t-0.0845)](R2=0.9993,n=132)和Wt=6017.46[1-e-0.1656(t-0.0845)]2.9724(R2=0.9845,n=132);雄性(♂)Lt=797.82[1-e-0.1428(t-0.0058)](R2=0.9994,n=170)和Wt=8566.72[1-e-0.1428(t-0.0058)]2.9822(R2=0.9724,n=170)。亚东河中的亚东鲑群体由1—4龄组成,种群年龄趋于低龄化,雌雄性比为1∶1.29,生长指标为9.05—14.23(♀)和10.76—19.22(♂),雌雄鱼的平均标准体长分别为(192.60±69.92)mm和188.91±53.18mm。根据Von Bertalanffy方程的估算表明雌雄两性在体长、体重生长上有显著的差异;雄鱼比雌鱼有更大的渐近体长和渐近体重,两性个体均远未达到最大体长和体重;雄鱼比雌鱼生长更快,寿命更长。     

五大连池鳙的生长分析

为了分析五大连池鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)的生长情况,于2013和2014年在五大连池三池及二池随机采集223尾鳙样本,采用鳞片鉴定其年龄,退算体长、体重。同时采用von Bertalanffy生长方程分析了五大连池鳙体长、体重的生长规律。结果显示,鳙渔获物的平均体长、体重分别为54.61 cm和3 280.53 g,由3+~8+共6个年龄组组成,以5+龄个体为主,占总数的50.67%。五大连池鳙体长(L,cm)、体重(W,g)之间关系式为W=0.0289 L2.901(n=223,R=0.974)。体长、体重von Bertalanffy生长方程分别为:Lt=97.619[1﹣e﹣0.140(ti﹣0.004)]和Wt=17113.260[1﹣e~(﹣0.140(ti﹣0.004))]2.901。鳙体长生长速度曲线无拐点,随着年龄的增加生长速度逐渐降低。体重的生长速度曲线具有拐点,拐点年龄为7.61龄,所对应的体长和体重分别为63.94 cm和5 012.82 g。采用生长特征指数?对比分析五大连池与其他水域鳙的生长,结果显示五大连池鳙的生长较为缓慢,栖息环境的水温、饵料生物密度是影响五大连池鳙生长的重要因素。有效提高鳙生长速度的关键措施在于降低放养密度。     

大渡河上游麻尔柯河高原鳅的年龄与生长

研究了采自大渡河上游麻尔柯河及其支流则曲的129尾麻尔柯河高原鳅(Triplophysa markehenensis)的年龄结构和生长特性。结果表明,耳石和脊椎骨都可作为年龄鉴定的材料,其中耳石是进行年龄鉴定的最适材料,脊椎骨则可作为辅助材料;背鳍条不适合用于年龄鉴定。这批麻尔柯河高原鳅的年龄范围为2～8龄,以3～6龄居多,占总数的83.5%;体长体重呈幂函数关系:W=0.000015L2.951931;Von Bertalanffy生长方程为:Lt=173.1241[1-e-0.1597(t+0.5328)],Wt=60.7531[1-e-0.1597(t+0.5328)]2.9519;体重生长曲线的拐点为t=6.25,拐点时体长为114.5mm,体重为17.9g。关键词:耳石;脊椎骨;年龄;生长     

钱塘江几种经济鱼类的生长研究

年龄鉴定以鳞片为材料。测得鳞径和体长后,求出体长鳞长各种关系式。细鳞斜颌鲴、三角鲂体长鳞长关系式以幂函数式最佳,花鲢、鲤鱼以直线式最佳。它们的体长、体重关系均适于:W=aL~b。 鱼类生长拐点,是反映鱼类体重生长过程的一个特征值,一般与鱼类的生长指标跳跃性下降时的年龄和性成熟年龄一致或接近。但也有例外,有些鱼类生长拐点落在性成熟之后、前者如细鳞斜颈鲴、三角鲂;后者如鲤鱼、花鲢。 体长生长曲线是一条趋于L_∞的渐近线,随鱼的年龄增长,体长年增长速率渐少而趋于零。 Von.Bertalarffy生长方程中的主要生物学参数L_∞、W_∞虽在实际种群中少有,但确实存在,并有一定的渔业意义。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.