镉胁迫对河南华溪蟹两种C型凝集素免疫应答的影响

C型凝集素是一类可以和糖类结合的蛋白质, 是先天性免疫系统中重要的模式识别受体。其中, 经典C型凝集素依赖Ca2+对糖类进行识别。Ca2+可作为细胞内第二信使, 参与多种信息传递。而重金属镉可导致细胞钙稳态失调, 干扰细胞内与Ca2+相关的信息传递。研究旨在探明镉胁迫对河南华溪蟹(Sinopotamon henanense) ShLec21和ShLec23两种C型凝集素免疫应答的影响。利用RACE方法, 克隆了ShLec21和ShLec23, 并进行了系统进化分析; 利用实时荧光定量PCR的方法, 研究了ShLec21和ShLec23的组织表达模式和镉联合嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)胁迫后肝胰腺和血淋巴中ShLec21和ShLec23表达模式。结果显示: ShLec21 cDNA全长863 bp, 编码152个氨基酸残基; ShLec23 cDNA全长681 bp, 编码164个氨基酸残基。ShLec21和ShLec23分别聚类为无脊椎动物的两个分支。ShLec21和ShLec23在血淋巴、鳃、肝胰腺、肠道、肌肉、卵巢和精巢中表达广泛, 但二者均主要在肝胰腺中表达。在胁迫条件下, 单独镉胁迫对肝胰腺和血淋巴中ShLec21和ShLec23表达量无显著影响; 在单独嗜水气单胞菌感染后, 肝胰腺中ShLec21和ShLec23表达量分别显著(P<0.05)与极显著(P<0.01)下调, 血淋巴中ShLec23表达量显著(P<0.05)下调; 而在镉胁迫后嗜水气单胞菌感染过程中,ShLec21和ShLec23表达量在肝胰腺和血淋巴中显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)上调。研究结果表明, 河南华溪蟹ShLec21和ShLec23在响应嗜水气单胞菌感染过程中的表达, 在一定程度上能够被镉胁迫所上调。     

池蝶蚌组织蛋白酶L基因的组织表达及免疫应激分析

应用cDNA文库筛查及同源片段克隆拼接技术,克隆了池蝶蚌组织蛋白酶L(Hs-CtsL)cDNA基因全长序列(GenBank注册号为JN604558)。其cDNA全长1152 bp,5′-非翻译区(Untranslated Region,UTR)长1 bp,3′-UTR长149 bp包括1个多聚腺苷信号AATAAA和Poly(A)尾巴,开放阅读框(Open reading frame ORF)为1002 bp,编码333个氨基酸组成的多肽链。其分子量约37.7 kD,理论等电点为7.16,包含信号肽、前体域和成熟域。系统进化分析显示,Hs-CtsL同无脊椎动物组织蛋白酶L聚为一支,且同三角帆蚌亲缘关系最近,其次为褶纹冠蚌。组织表达分析结果显示,池蝶蚌组织蛋白酶L在肠、鳃、性腺、外套膜、斧足、闭壳肌、血细胞、肝胰腺、肾和心脏均有表达,其中血细胞中表达量最高。应激实验表明,经嗜水气单胞菌刺激后,Hs-CtsL在血细胞、鳃、肝胰腺和外套膜中的表达量显著上调。其中在肝胰腺中刺激后6h表达量到达峰值,在血细胞、鳃和外套膜中的表达模式近似,表现为一个波动变化,在4h、12h和48h被上调。结果暗示着Hs-CtsL除参与了池蝶蚌血细胞的先天性免疫防御以外,还参与了其消化腺免疫器官的免疫应答反应。     

罗氏沼虾Rab11基因cDNA克隆及其组织表达分析

为了发掘罗氏沼虾(Macrobrachium rosenbergii)免疫相关基因, 研究Rab蛋白(Ras-related proteins inbrain)在罗氏沼虾免疫应答中发挥的作用, 研究采用RACE-PCR技术克隆了罗氏沼虾Rab11基因全长cDNA序列, 记为MrRab11。全长1381 bp, 包括226 bp的5'UTR, 511 bp的3'UTR和645 bp的开放阅读框, 编码214个氨基酸, 含有一个Rab结构域。氨基酸序列比对显示, 罗氏沼虾与冈比亚按蚊(Anopheles gambiae)、蚤状溞(Daphniapulex)、叶蝉(Homalodisca vitripennis) Rab11一致性分别为82%、83%和82%。软件预测, MrRab11编码的蛋白分子量约为23.75 kD, 等电点约为5.34。实时荧光定量表达分析表明, MrRab11基因在罗氏沼虾各组织中都有表达, 肝胰腺中的表达量最高, 其次是肌肉和肠道。在阴沟肠杆菌(Enterobacter cloacae)感染12h后, 罗氏沼虾肝胰腺中MrRab11的表达量上升, 显著高于对照组(P0.05), 推测这是MrRab11对阴沟肠杆菌的应激表达,MrRab11在肝胰腺中参与了罗氏沼虾免疫应答过程。     

CKS1B参与拟穴青蟹性腺发育的研究

CDC28蛋白激酶调节亚基1B(CDC28 protein kinase regulatory subunit 1B,CKS1B)是高度保守的CKS1家族成员之一,在细胞周期中作为细胞周期蛋白激酶的调节亚基参与调控真核生物的细胞分裂。因此,研究CKS1家族基因参与甲壳动物性腺发育调节的分子机制具有重要的意义。从已构建的拟穴青蟹性腺EST数据库中筛选到CKS1B基因片段,继而克隆出其全长c DNA序列(Sp-CKS1B),并利用q RT-PCR技术检测其在不同组织和性腺不同发育阶段中的差异表达。结果显示,获得Sp-CKS1B的全长c DNA序列722 bp,其中5'UTR为82 bp,3'UTR为379 bp,开放阅读框261 bp,编码86个氨基酸,包含一段典型的CKS保守序列,属于CKS家族蛋白。在不同组织q RT-PCR结果显示,Sp-CKS1B基因在O5期雌蟹卵巢中的表达水平最高,并与其他组织具有极显著差异(P0.01);同时,在性腺不同发育阶段的表达结果显示,Sp-CKS1B基因在精巢T1期的表达量最高,其次为O5期,二者显著高于卵巢O1-O4期的表达水平(P0.05);而在精巢T3期的表达量最低,并显著低于T1、T2以及卵巢O4、O5期的表达水平(P0.05)。结果说明了Sp-CKS1B在拟穴青蟹的性腺发育过程中可能具有十分重要的作用。     

中华绒螯蟹胰脂酶基因克隆及表达分析

采用cDNA末端快速扩增技术(RACE)克隆获得了中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)胰脂酶基因(pancreatic lipase, PL)的cDNA序列全长。该序列全长1 970 bp,开放阅读框长度为1 374 bp,编码457个氨基酸,5'和3'非编码区(UTR)长度分别为372 bp和224 bp。理化分析表明其预测分子量为51.066 kD,理论等电点为4.65。其序列中检测到脂肪酶典型的催化三联体结构、"盖子"结构以及"亲核弯"结构。蛋白同源性和进化树分析表明,中华绒螯蟹胰脂酶和其他物种同源性较高(50%左右),且和甲壳动物聚为一支而与脊椎动物相聚较远。组织表达模式分析表明,EsPL基因主要在肝胰腺、肠道、胸神经节表达较高;幼体发育阶段表达模式分析表明,EsPL基因在溞状幼体Ⅰ~Ⅲ期表达量逐渐递增,Ⅳ期显著下降,Ⅴ期较Ⅳ又显著增加,大眼幼体阶段表达最低;同一脂肪水平下,相比于含高不饱和脂肪酸的鱼油而言,植物油如豆油和亚麻油的添加均会增加胰脂酶基因的表达,且亚麻油鱼油混合油组促进效果最显著。上述结果表明饵料脂类显著影响中华绒螯蟹胰脂酶,从而为提高中华绒螯蟹对饵料脂类利用率提供了研究依据。     

脊尾白虾组织蛋白酶L基因的克隆及其表达分析

根据本实验室构建的脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)血细胞全长cDNA文库获得的EST序列,利用RACE技术克隆获得脊尾白虾组织蛋白酶L基因的cDNA全长,命名为EcCatL基因.该序列全长1136 bp,包括5'非编码区24 bp,开放阅读框960 bp和3'非编码区152 bp,开放阅读框共编码319个氨基酸,预测相对分子量为35.30×103,理论等电点为5.27.同源性分析表明,脊尾白虾组织蛋白酶LEcCatL氨基酸序列与其它甲壳动物高度保守,与变色小长臂虾(Palaemonetes varians)及北极甜虾(Pandalus borealis) CatL的同源性分别为92％和76％.系统进化分析表明,EcCatL基因氨基酸序列与变色小长臂虾的CatL聚为一支.荧光定量PCR分析结果表明,EcCatL基因在血细胞、鳃、肝胰腺、肌肉、卵巢、肠、胃及眼柄中均有表达,其中肝胰腺中的相对表达量最高.感染鳗弧菌及WSSV后6h和12h,脊尾白虾血细胞和肝胰腺中EcCatL的表达量较对照组均极显著增加(P＜0.01),且具有明显的时间差异性,表明EcCatL基因在脊尾白虾免疫反应中具有重要作用.     

三疣梭子蟹HMGBa基因克隆及其应答不同病原入侵的表达特征

为研究三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)高迁移率族蛋白B (High-mobility group box protein, HMGB)在其先天免疫中发挥的功能, 利用RACE技术首次克隆得到了三疣梭子蟹HMGBa基因, 命名为PtHMGBa。其cDNA序列全长1030 bp, 其中5′端非编码区(UTR)为94 bp, 3′端非编码区(UTR)为255 bp, 开放阅读框(ORF)为681 bp, 编码一个含有227个氨基酸, 分子量25.82 kD, 理论等电点为5.94的蛋白质。PtHMGBa蛋白包含2个HMG盒结构域和一个酸性尾部结构域。分析表明, 三疣梭子蟹HMGBa氨基酸序列与凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei) HMGBa相似度最高。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示, PtHMGBa基因在血细胞和肝胰腺的表达量最高, 在眼柄中表达量最低。在副溶血弧菌和WSSV感染过程中, PtHMGBa基因在肝胰腺和血细胞中均出现了表达上调。其中, 经副溶血弧菌感染后, 该基因在上述2种组织中分别于48h和6h达到表达量的峰值; 经WSSV感染后, 该基因在2种组织中均在12h达到表达量的峰值。结果表明PtHMGBa基因参与了三疣梭子蟹抵御外来病原的免疫响应, 研究为深入开展三疣梭子蟹和其他甲壳动物的免疫调控机理提供了科学依据。     

斑节对虾α-淀粉酶基因的克隆及其表达分析

为了研究斑节对虾α-淀粉酶基因的结构和生物学功能, 根据原实验室构建的斑节对虾(Penaeus monodon) cDNA文库得到的EST序列, 利用RACE技术获得了斑节对虾α-淀粉酶基因(PmAmy)的cDNA全长序列。该基因序列全长2465 bp, 包括2175 bp的开放阅读框, 编码724个氨基酸, 分子总量为78.9 kD, 理论等电点为4.66。PmAmy包含一个α-淀粉酶家族保守的A结构域(Thr34-Ser410)和一个C结构域(Glu420-Ala496)。PmAmy氨基酸序列与其他物种的相似性为47%—99%, 利用PmAmy构建的进化树显示斑节对虾和凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)的亲缘关系最近。基因表达结果显示PmAmy在肝胰腺组织中的表达量显著高于其他组织(P<0.05)。斑节对虾PmAmy基因在卵巢发育的过程中均有表达, 表达量有所变化, 虽然没有发现显著性的差异(P=0.09)。斑节对虾PmAmy在整个生长阶段的检测中都有表达, 其中幼体发育过程中存在显著性差异, 糠虾时期PmAmy表达量显著高于无节幼体、溞状幼体和仔虾时期(P<0.05)。以上实验结果初步说明了PmAmy可能与斑节对虾的幼体发育相关。     

拟穴青蟹OTUB的分子克隆及其在性腺发育过程中的表达

OTUB1是哺乳动物雌激素信号通路中的一个关键因子,它可以使雌激素受体α(ERα)去泛素化并抑制其转录活性.本研究从实验室拟穴青蟹(Scylla paramamosain)转录组测序数据库中筛选出OTUB基因片段,利用SMART RACE技术克隆得到Sp-OTUB的cDNA全长.该序列全长1 261 bp,包括5’非编码区(5’-UTR)40 bp,开放阅读框(ORF)804 bp和3’非编码区(3’-UTR)417 bp.其ORF编码267个氨基酸,预测其分子量为31 ku.该蛋白序列中包含一个OTU样的半胱氨酸蛋白酶催化结构域和一个由半胱氨酸(C)、天冬氨酸(D)和组氨酸(H)组成的催化三联体.实时定量PCR结果显示,Sp-OTUB在成熟拟穴青蟹各组织器官中均有表达,其中在血淋巴中的表达量最大,精巢中表达量最低.在卵巢发育过程中,Sp-OTUB的表达量在卵巢增值期为最大,与其他各时期具有显著差异;在精巢发育各阶段,Sp-OTUB表达量在精子细胞期达到最大,显著高于精母细胞期和成熟精子期.同源系统进化分析Sp-OTUB与大多数物种的OTUB1聚为一支,与肩突硬蜱(Ixodes scapularis)和紫海胆(Strongylocentrotuspurpuratus)亲缘关系最近.实验结果初步显示Sp-OTUB在拟穴青蟹生殖调控方面可能发挥重要作用.     

Two C-type lectins from shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei that might be involved in immune response against bacteria and virus

C-type lectins play crucial roles in innate immunity to recognize and eliminate pathogens efficiently. In the present study, two C-type lectins from shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (designated as LvLectin-1 and LvLectin-2) were identified, and their expression patterns, both in tissues and toward pathogen stimulation, were then characterized. The full-length cDNA of LvLectin-1 and LvLectin-2 was 567 and 625 bp, containing an open reading frame (ORF) of 471 and 489 bp, respectively, and deduced amino acid sequences showed high similarity to other members of C-type lectin superfamily. Both two C-type lectins encoded a single carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD). The motif of Ca²⁺ binding site 2 in CRD, which determined carbohydrate-binding specificity, was QPN (Gln¹²²-Pro¹²³-Asn¹²⁴) in LvLectin-1, but QPD (Gln¹²⁸-Pro¹²⁹-Asp¹³⁰) in LvLectin-2. Two C-type lectins exhibited similar tissue expression pattern, for their mRNA were both constitutively expressed in all tested tissues, including hepatopancreas, muscle, gill, hemocytes, gonad and heart, furthermore they were both mostly expressed in hepatopancreas, though the expression level of LvLectin-2 was much higher than LvLectin-1. The expression level of two C-type lectins mRNA in hemocytes varied greatly after the challenge of Listonella anguillarum or WSSV. After L. anguillarum challenge, the expression of both C-type lectins were significantly (P < 0.01) up-regulated compared with blank group, and LvLectin-1 exhibited higher level than LvLectin-2; while after the stimulation of WSSV, the expression of LvLectin-2 was significantly up-regulated at 6 h (P < 0.01) and 12 h (P < 0.05), but the expression level of LvLectin-1 down-regulated significantly (P < 0.01) to 0.4-fold at 6 and 12 h post-stimulation. The results indicated that the two C-type lectins might be involved in immune response toward pathogen infection, and they might perform different recognition specificity toward bacteria or virus.     

Molecular cloning, characterization and expression of a C-type lectin cDNA in Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis

C-type lectins are pattern-recognition proteins which are functionally important for pathogen recognition and immune regulation in vertebrates and invertebrates. In this study, a lectin cDNA named as Es-Lectin was cloned and characterized from the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. The full-length sequence of this Es-Lectin cDNA was 651 bp, including an open reading frame of 483 bp encoding 160 amino acids. The predicted molecular weight of the Es-Lectin was 11.8 kDa. A typical signal peptide of 21 amino acids was deduced at the N-terminus of the predicted protein. This Es-Lectin belongs to a C-type lectin and contains six cysteines, a conserved EPN motif (Glu-Pro-Asn) and an imperfect WND (Trp-Asn-Asp) motif (FND, Phe-Asn-Asp). This Es-Lectin had 55% and 32% identity with other two C-type lectins in E. sinensis, and 29-36% homology with decapods. Although the Es-Lectin was also expressed in gill, hepatopancreas, intestine, muscle and stomach, its expression in haemocytes was the greatest. The expression of Es-Lectins in haemocytes increased at 1.5 h after the Aeromonas hydrophila challenge. After a slight decrease, the Es-Lectin expression in haemocytes significantly increased at 48 h post-challenge. The diverse distribution of Es-Lectin and its enhancement by bacterial challenge indicate that C-type lectins are important in the innate immune response to bacterial infection, and can be activated for innate immune response in crab at the initial stage after pathogen infection.     

Cloning,characterization and TBT exposure response of CuZn superoxide dismutase from Haliotis diversicolor supertexta

The full-length cDNA and genomic DNA of a cytoplasmic copper, zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZn-sod) were cloned from the hepatopancreas of small abalone Haliotis diversicolor supertexta by RT-PCR, RACE and TAIL PCR. The full-length cytoplasmic CuZn-sod cDNA (designated sasod) comprises 984 bp. Its ORF encodes a polypeptide of 154 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 15.7 kDa and theoretical isoelectric point of 6.30. The deduced amino acid (designated saSOD) shares a common consensus pattern with the SODs of vertebrate and invertebrate animals. The full-length sasod genomic DNA comprises 5,574 bp, containing five exons and four introns. The splice donor and acceptor sequence of the four introns is 5′GT-AG3′. Real time quantitative PCR analysis revealed that sasod expression level in hepatopancreas of small abalone was no significant difference at 2, 6, 48 and 192 h post TBT exposure (P > 0.05). However, the sasod expression level at 12 and 24 h post TBT exposure was decreased significantly (P < 0.05).