分子生物学法分析青少年甲状腺肿物临床病理及特点

探讨青少年甲状腺肿物的临床病理学特点,甲状腺癌的复发、转移和结节性甲状腺肿复发的可能相关因素。按WHO病理分型标准和国际抗癌联盟(UICC)TNM分期标准回顾性分析青少年甲状腺肿物124例及其中部分甲状腺癌和结节性甲状腺肿的随访资料。124例甲状腺肿物患者男女比例约为1 3,甲状腺癌39例(31.5%),其中乳头状癌35例,滤泡癌3例,髓样癌1例;甲状腺腺瘤59例(47.6%),结节性甲状腺肿11例(8.9%),结节性甲状腺肿伴腺瘤7例(5.6%),甲状腺炎5例(4%),甲状舌管囊肿3例(2.4%)。本组资料显示,青少年甲状腺癌以乳头状癌为主,其复发、转移与组织学亚型为弥漫硬化型及甲状腺包膜和其外软组织受侵状态相关。虽然常见淋巴结转移、肺转移以及局部侵犯周围软组织,但患者总体预后较好。结节性甲状腺肿的复发与病变弥漫位于双叶有关,而与患者性别、年龄和是否伴有乳头样及腺瘤样增生关系不密切。     

甲状腺癌组织MVD和β-连环素蛋白表达及其相关性研究

目的:探讨微血管密度(MVD)和β-catenin蛋白表达在甲状腺癌预后判断中的意义.方法:采用免疫组化SP法检测90例甲状腺癌及10例正常甲状腺组织中β-catenin蛋白表达,以CD105标记测定MVD.结果:①MVD值在甲状腺髓样癌、乳头状癌、未分化癌、滤泡癌中依次增高(P＜0.05);伴发转移及高临床分期(Ⅲ、Ⅳ期)甲状腺癌组织中MVD明显高于无转移及低临床分期(Ⅰ、Ⅱ期)组(P＜0.05).②未分化癌及髓样癌中β-catenin异常表达率显著高于其在乳头状癌及滤泡癌中的表达(P＜0.05),β-catenin异常表达率在淋巴结有无转移间以及病理分期Ⅰ-Ⅱ、Ⅲ-Ⅳ之间的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).③β-catenin异常表达与甲状腺癌MVD值呈显著正相关(r=0.384,P＜0.05).结论:MVD是影响甲状腺癌预后的因素之一,β-catenin可能在甲状腺癌组织微血管形成中发挥作用.     

老年宫颈癌50例临床及预后分析

目的:探讨老年宫颈癌的临床病理特征及预后影响因素。方法:对50例老年宫颈癌患者的临床特点及生存情况进行回顾性分析。结果:鳞状细胞癌45例(90.0%),腺癌4例(8.0%),透明细胞癌1例(2.0%);≤Ⅱa期占16.0%,≥Ⅱb期占84.0%;主要临床症状为绝经后不规则阴道流血,全组1、3、5年生存率分别为82.0%,66.0%,54.0%。多因素分析结果显示病理类型、临床分期及淋巴结转移情况是老年宫颈癌患者预后的独立影响因素(均P<0.05)。结论:KPS评分≥70分、鳞癌、临床分期为Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期,无淋巴结转移的患者预后较好,病理类型、临床分期及淋巴结转移情况是老年宫颈癌患者预后的独立影响因素。     

儿童及青少年甲状腺癌特点及颈淋巴结转移风险因素探讨

目的:探讨儿童及青少年甲状腺癌的临床和病理特征,分析乳头状癌组淋巴结转移的风险因素。方法:回顾性分析2003年1月至2013年12月间本院收治的儿童及青少年甲状腺癌病例资料,了解临床特征和病理特点及分析乳头状癌亚组淋巴结转移的风险因素。结果:共收集51例儿童及青少年甲状腺癌资料,49例甲状腺乳头状癌,2例甲状腺髓样癌。乳头状癌亚组淋巴结转移率达77.5%,患儿年龄与淋巴结转移相关,Logistic回归提示年龄是颈部淋巴结转移的独立风险因素(OR=1.40;95%CL=1.05,1.85;P=0.021)。随访中5例出现局部复发。结论:儿童及青少年甲状腺癌有区别于成人甲状腺癌的特殊性,积极筛查儿童甲状腺疾病、全面彻底的外科手术和制定相应的风险评估标准、积极随访是治疗该病的关键。     

老年宫颈癌的临床病理特征分析及预后影响因素探讨

为探讨老年宫颈癌的临床病理特征及预后影响因素,以为宫颈癌的防治提供依据,本研究回顾性分析我院收治的107例老年宫颈癌患者的临床资料,并比较其临床病理特征和生存情况。经分析比较发现,107例患者中鳞状细胞癌92例(85.98%),腺癌11例(10.28%),透明细胞癌4例(3.74%);临床分期:≤Ⅱa期28例(16.47%),≥Ⅱb期79例(73.83%);患者1、3、5年生存率分别为81.31%、64.37%、51.79%。病理类型、临床分期和淋巴结转移是老年宫颈癌患者预后影响因素(p0.05),其中KPS评分70分的非鳞癌患者Ⅲ期或Ⅳ期及淋巴结转移患者预后较差。     

抑癌基因PTEN 在甲状腺乳头状癌中的表达及临床意义*

目的:通过免疫组织化学方法检测PTEN基因在正常甲状腺组织、甲状腺良性肿瘤组织、甲状腺乳头状癌癌组织中的表达水平并进行比较,探讨其对甲状腺乳头状癌诊断和治疗的意义。方法:采用SP免疫组化方法,用已知阳性组织做阳性对照,以磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)代替一抗做阴性对照,分别作HE染色和免疫组织化学染色。结果:PTEN蛋白在三组组织中的表达差异具有显著性(P<0.001);正常甲状腺组织、甲状腺良性肿瘤组织中的阳性率分别为100%和82.5%,均显著高于甲状腺癌组织中的45%(P<0.05),即PTEN在甲状腺癌中表达显著降低;PTEN在甲状腺乳头状癌淋巴结转移组和无淋巴结转移组阳性表达率分别为15%和60%,差异有显著性(x2=10.91,P=0.001);PTEN在甲状腺乳头状癌在包膜侵犯组和无侵犯组的阳性表达率分别为25.93%和60.61%,差异有显著性(x2=7.22,P=0.007);PTEN在甲状腺癌淋巴结转移组和包膜侵犯组的阳性表达强度显著低于无淋巴结转移和包膜侵犯组(P<0.01),有统计学意义。结论:PTEN基因表达的降低在甲状腺癌的发生和转移过程中起重要作用。     

颈淋巴结转移率在53例甲状腺包裹型乳头状癌相关病理因素分析

目的 探讨甲状腺包裹型乳头状癌的临床病理特征、淋巴结转移率及转移相关因素、治疗及预后。方法 收集武汉大学人民医院病理科2015年9月至2018年12月53例甲状腺包裹型乳头状癌手术切除标本进行回顾性分析。结果 53例甲状腺包裹型乳头状癌患者年龄20～73岁(平均44.2岁),男女比例为1:2.5,肿瘤直径0.1～3.2cm,肿瘤单侧好发,颈淋巴结转移率为13.2%,其中普通型乳头状癌颈淋巴结转移率明显高于乳头状微小癌(P0.05),随访期间预后存活率100%。结论 甲状腺包裹型乳头状癌是甲状腺乳头状癌的一种特殊亚型,颈淋巴结转移率与肿瘤大小密切相关,治疗以手术切除为主,预后相对较好。     

肾细胞癌淋巴结转移预测指标的Logistic 回归分析

目的:研究肾细胞癌淋巴结转移的危险因素,并建立Logistic回归模型。方法:2002年2月～2010年10月我院手术治疗的肾细胞癌163例,对其临床病理资料进行单因素和多因素的Logistic回归分析。结果:淋巴结转移的发生率为20.9%(34/163)。单因素分析显示:肿瘤大小、临床分期、Fuhrman核分级和贫血与肾细胞癌淋巴结转移的风险有关(P<0.05);多因素分析显示:肿瘤大小、临床分期和Fuhrman核分级是RCC淋巴结转移独立的风险因素。结论:肾细胞癌淋巴结转移的风险与肿瘤大小、临床分期和Fuhrman核分级有关,Logistic回归模型对于判断预后、指导术后治疗及随访方案的制订具有重要作用。     

CD147 在前列腺癌中的表达及其与肿瘤临床病理特征的关系

目的:研究CD147在还没前列腺癌组织中的表达及其与肿瘤临床病理特征的关系。方法:选择2013年10月-2015年10月我院收治的前列腺癌患者61例作为研究对象,另选取同期接受手术治疗的前列腺增生患者49例作为对照组,术中收集前列腺癌患者的肿瘤组织和癌旁组织以及前列腺增生患者的组织标本,采用免疫组化法检测CD147在前列腺癌组织、癌旁组织及前列腺增生组织中的表达情况。结果:CD147在前列腺癌组织中的阳性表达率(95.08%)显著高于癌旁组织(32.79%)和前列腺增生组织(16.32%),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);CD147在癌旁组织中的阳性表达率(32.79%)高于前列腺增生组织(16.32%),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。CD147的阳性表达与前列腺癌Gleason分级、临床分期、淋巴结转移及远处转移呈正相关关系(P0.05)。结论:CD147在前列腺癌组织中呈阳性表达,且Gleason病理分级≥5、临床分期T3~4、淋巴结转移N1及远处转移M1均为前列腺癌组织中CD147m RNA阳性表达的危险因素。     

HIF-1a、VEGF和CXCR4在甲状腺乳头状癌中的表达及意义

目的研究乏氧诱导因子1a(HIF-1a)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和趋化因子受体4(CXCR4)在甲状腺乳头状癌组织中的表达及与临床病理因素的关系。方法应用免疫组化SP法检测120例甲状腺乳头状癌组织和60例正常对照组织中的HIF-1a、VEGF及CXCR4的表达情况,统计分析相关临床病理因素。结果 HIF-1a、VEGF及CXCR4在甲状腺乳头状癌中的阳性表达率分别为65.0%(78/120)、56.8%(68/120)、60.0%(72/120);三者的阳性表达与甲状腺乳头状癌的淋巴结转移及临床病理分期密切相关(P0.01);三者的表达之间存在一定的相关性(P0.05)。多因素分析发现,TNM分期,HIF-1a和CXCR4与甲状腺乳头状癌淋巴结转移密切相关(均P0.05)。结论 HIF-1a、VEGF及CXCR4与甲状腺乳头状癌的发生、发展相关,特别在甲状腺乳头状癌淋巴结转移中发挥重要作用,三者的检测在甲状腺乳头状癌的临床诊断及治疗中具有重要的指导意义。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.