拟除虫菊酯微胶囊的制备

以海藻酸钠、壳聚糖为壁材,氯氟氰菊酯为芯材,通过复凝聚法制备微胶囊。用红外光谱确定复合膜的形成,光学显微镜观察微胶囊的分散性和规整度,气相色谱法测定包封率。考察油水相体积比、搅拌速度、乳液稀释水用量及壳聚糖的浓度对氯氟氰菊酯微胶囊化的影响。结果表明,最佳的实验条件是油水相体积比为1∶10、搅拌速度为1300 r/min、乳液与水体积比为1∶1.2,壳聚糖浓度为0.1%。制备的微胶囊包封率可以达到80.3%。     

喷雾干燥制备高纯α-亚麻酸微胶囊研究

本文采用喷雾干燥法制备高纯α-亚麻酸为芯材、亚麻籽胶为壁材的微胶囊,并以微胶囊化效率和含油率为指标,考察了制备工艺.结果表明,最佳微胶囊原料配方为:芯材与壁材的比例为(m/m)3∶2,料液浓度为5％,进料温度为20℃;最佳喷雾干燥工艺条件:进风温度为180℃,出风温度为80℃,雾化器转速21000 rpm,进料速度为42.01 mL/min.在此工艺条件下亚麻酸的微胶囊化效率为96.18％,含油率为60.09％.     

响应面法优化火麻仁油微胶囊喷雾干燥工艺的研究

为了制备包埋率高、稳定性好的火麻仁油微胶囊,拓展其在食品领域的应用范围,以火麻仁油为芯材、单双脂肪酸甘油酯为乳化剂、酪蛋白酸钠为壁材、固体玉米糖浆为填充剂、柠檬酸钠为缓冲盐、抗坏血酸棕榈酸钠为抗氧化剂,通过喷雾干燥法制备60%载油率的火麻仁油微胶囊,以微胶囊包埋率为响应值,在单因素实验的基础上,以干物浓度、进风温度、出风温度为实验因素,采用Box-Behnken响应面分析法进行优化。随后通过扫描电镜观察火麻仁油微胶囊表面形态结构,以确定包埋效果。并利用油脂氧化分析仪检测火麻仁油微胶囊的氧化稳定性。研究确定微胶囊的最佳工艺条件为：干物浓度42%、进风温度168 ℃、出风温度74 ℃,在此条件下制备得到的火麻仁油微胶囊包埋率可达92.15%。通过扫描电镜观察到火麻仁油微胶囊表面圆滑无裂痕,表明火麻仁油微胶囊包埋效果比较理想。经油脂氧化分析仪测定,与对照组（火麻仁油）相比,试验组（火麻仁油微胶囊）的氧化诱导期时间较长,能够达到30 h以上,说明通过对火麻仁油进行微胶囊包埋可以较大程度地提高油脂的稳定性。研究结果为火麻仁油在食品工业领域的开发和应用提供了理论支持。     

大肠杆菌微球包封效率及稳定性的研究

多聚物制备而成的微球是一种具有佐剂效应的疫苗控释系统,在疫苗研制中得到广泛应用.为改进大肠杆菌疫苗的制备质量,本文以天然高分子聚合物海藻酸钠和壳聚糖为材料,应用了三种不同制备微球的方法来制备大肠杆菌微球,观察微球的形态、粒径和稳定性,并测算其对大肠杆菌的包封率.结果表明,采用乳化-内部凝胶化法制备的大肠杆菌海藻酸钙-壳聚糖微球,圆整规则,粒径较小,包封率达到≈93.1％,具有良好的控释性能和稳定性,适于低温保存.     

壳聚糖的特性对吲哚美辛微囊性能的影响

本研究利用自制的壳聚糖与阿拉伯胶为壁材,以戊二醛为固化交联剂,通过复凝法制备吲哚美辛载药微囊;研究了不同分子量、不同脱乙酰度的壁材壳聚糖对所形成微囊的性能的影响.结果表明:不同脱乙酰度与不同分子量的壳聚糖所制的载药微囊包封率、载药量、粒径、吸水溶胀性能等都有一定差别,体外溶出实验表明他们缓释与控释性能也有不同.     

紫玉米花青素的微胶囊化研究

花青素作为植物界广泛存在的一种天然食用色素,安全、无毒、资源丰富,而且具有一定营养和药理作用,然而花青素对pH值、氧气、温度、光、金属离子等十分敏感。拟利用微胶囊化技术,保护花青素的抗氧化特性,并比较了2种常用的微胶囊方法（喷雾干燥法和锐孔法）的包埋效果,以期为花青素的使用提供一定参考。结果表明,啧雾干燥法制备紫玉米花青素微胶囊效果较锐孔法更好,而且当选择麦芽糊精和阿拉伯胶1：1作喷雾干燥的壁材,芯材（花青素）与壁材按1：16制备时,其包埋率可达34％,效果最佳。     

硫酸长春碱聚乳酸缓释纳米粒的制剂学研究和体外释放度考察

目的:制备硫酸长春碱聚乳酸纳米粒(VLB-PLA-NPs)并考察其体外释放度.方法:采用复乳挥发法制备VLB-PLA-NPs,以包封率为主要指标评价指标,选择聚乳酸用量、超声时间、外水相浓度为考察因素,优化制备工艺,考察体外释放度.结果:优化工艺制备得VLB-PLA-NPs平均粒径为65±3.03nm,包封率为(99.68±0.30)%,载药量为3.323±0.01μg/mg,体外释放可持续20天.结论:该制备工艺操作简便,结果稳定,缓释特征明显,应用前景良好.     

创新组方肠内营养乳剂制备的工艺参数研究

目的：初步确定初乳制备工艺参数的范围,为下一步肠内全营养脂肪乳产品的工艺研究提供参考。方法：用D50和跨距的平均值为工艺参数评价指标,固定油相和乳化剂用量,用不同的剪切转速、剪切时间和剪切温度进行实验,初步制备脂肪乳初乳,用激光衍射的方式得到初乳的粒径和粒度分布。结果与结论：当剪切转速在2 500~3 500r/min,剪切时间在10~20min,剪切温度在25~30℃时,粒径较小,而且粒度分布集中。     

东亚小花蝽人工饲料微胶囊剂型的研制及饲养效果评价

通过正交试验对东亚小花蝽Orius sauteri人工饲料微胶囊进行了配方优化研究, 明确了海藻酸钠及壳聚糖的填充比例和芯壁比例在微胶囊产率、包埋率和含水率等方面的影响。各配方因素对产率的影响程度依次为: 芯壁比 > 海藻酸钠填充比 > 壳聚糖填充比; 而各因素对包埋率的影响程度依次为: 壳聚糖填充比 > 海藻酸钠填充比 > 芯壁比; 含水率受海藻酸钠填充比影响最大, 而后依次为壳聚糖填充比和芯壁比; 在海藻酸钠填充比为2.0%、壳聚糖填充比为0.6%及芯壁比为1∶3时, 所得人工饲料微胶囊感官评定得分最高。以包埋率作为基准考量下, 取最佳配比为海藻酸钠填充比为1.0%, 壳聚糖填充比为0.8%, 芯壁比为1∶1的配方, 制作人工饲料微胶囊饲喂东亚小花蝽, 与取食朱砂叶螨Tetranychus cinnabarinus组为对照, 进行了饲喂效果试验。结果表明: 与对照组相比, 取食人工饲料微胶囊后, 东亚小花蝽1、 2龄若虫发育历期显著延长, 雌成虫寿命显著缩短; 羽化率和产卵前期差异不显著, 但产卵期、产卵量和卵孵化率显著降低。此外, 取食人工饲料微胶囊的东亚小花蝽成虫呼吸墒显著低于对照, 运动速率则显著高于对照。     

静电喷雾法制备乳酸菌微胶囊的实验研究

目的为解决乳酸菌产品活菌数的不稳定性,对乳酸菌进行微胶囊化包埋。方法用海藻酸钠和明胶的混合体系作为壁材,对乳酸菌进行静电喷雾包埋处理,并让微胶囊化乳酸菌在模拟胃肠液的环境中进行耐酸性和肠溶性实验。结果混合体系的壁材与乳酸菌具有较好的生物相容性,优选得出当芯壁材为12时包埋率最高（96．3％）,微胶囊化乳酸菌在经人工胃液处理2h后,活菌数比未经微胶囊化的对照组高出2个数量级,且在经人工肠液处理40min后,乳酸菌几乎全部释放。结论静电喷雾法制备的乳酸菌微胶囊具有一定耐酸性和肠溶性。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Synthesis and antimicrobial studies of hydrazone derivatives of 4-[3-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4-formyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid and 4-[3-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-4-formyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid

Microbial resistance to antibiotics is an unresolved global concern, which needs urgent and coordinated action. One of the guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Preventions (CDC) to combat antibiotic resistance is the development of new antibiotics to treat drug-resistant bacteria. In our effort to find new antibiotics, we report the synthesis and antimicrobial studies of 30 new pyrazole derivatives. These novel molecules have been synthesized by using readily available starting materials and benign reaction conditions. Some of these molecules have shown activity with MIC values as low as 0.78?µg/mL against four bacterial strains; Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Furthermore, active molecules are non-toxic to mammalian cell line.

     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Novel compounds with potent CDK9 inhibitory activity for the treatment of myeloma

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and Polo-like kinases (PLKs) play key role in the regulation of the cell cycle. The aim of our study was originally the further development of our recently discovered polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) inhibitors. A series of new 2,4-disubstituted pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized around the original hit, but their PLK1 inhibitory activity was very poor. However the novel compounds showed nanomolar CDK9 inhibitory activity and very good antiproliferative effect on multiple myeloma cell lines (RPMI-8226).