不同植入物内固定治疗四肢创伤骨折后骨不连的临床对比研究

目的:探讨不同植入物内固定治疗四肢创伤骨折后骨不连的临床疗效。方法:选择我科2010年2月~2013年2月四肢创伤骨折后骨不连患者38例,按照随机数表法将38例患者随机分为两组,分别为LC-DCP组以及LCP组,每组各19例,观察两组患者的平均手术持续时间、骨折临床愈合时间、X线骨痂评分以及并发症。结果:LC-DCP组平均手术持续时间为(134.73±12.91)min,LCP组为(129.54±14.87)min,两组比较不存在统计学差异(P0.05)。LC-DCP组患者平均骨折临床愈合时间为(3.94±0.83)月,LCP组为(3.81±0.69)月,两组间不存在统计学显著性差异(P0.05)。LC-DCP组患者X线骨痂评价标准平均评分值为(2.73±0.51)分,LCP组为(2.86±0.49)分,两组间差异不存在统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:两种钢板联合植骨治疗四肢创伤骨折后骨不连均能够取得良好的治疗效果,均可以作为治疗四肢创伤骨折后骨不连患者的有效方法。     

锁定钢板联合中药内服外洗治疗跟骨骨折的疗效分析

目的:探究锁定钢板联合中药内服外洗治疗跟骨骨折的疗效分析。方法:对照组仅给予锁定钢板治疗,观察组在此基础上给予中药内服外洗治疗,观察对比两组疗效。结果:观察组总有效率为93.3%,明显高于对照组的77.8%;观察组主动开始功能锻炼时间为(20.5±2.6)d,住院时间(27.8±3.2)d;均明显短于对照组的(25.3±2.4)d和(31.5±3.8)d,组间比较具有统计学意义,P0.05。结论:锁定钢板联合中药内服外洗治疗跟骨骨折的临床疗效确切,以利于恢复足部功能,值得临床应用和推广。     

神经阻滞与全身麻醉在跟骨骨折内固定术后疼痛控制中的价值

目的:探讨神经阻滞与全身麻醉在跟骨骨折内固定术后疼痛控制中的价值。方法:2019年1月到2019年10月选择在本院诊治的开放性跟骨骨折患者480例,按照入院顺序,根据随机数字表法分为研究组与对照组,各240例。所有患者都给予跟骨骨折内固定治疗与全身麻醉,观察组术后给予连续坐骨神经自控镇痛,对照组术后给予静脉自控镇痛,记录疼痛控制效果。结果:两组的手术时间、引流时间、引流量等对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),研究组的切口干燥时间与切口愈合时间显著短于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组术后4 h、24 h与48 h的疼痛视觉模拟评分法(Visual analog scales,VAS)评分显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组术后48 h的感觉阻滞情况0级、1级、2级对比差异无统计学意义(x2=0.00、0.083、0.083,P=1.0、0.773、0.773),组间对比均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。研究组术后1个月的切口裂开、感染、皮下血肿与皮缘坏死等并发症发生率为4.2%,显著低于对照组的15.8%(x2=18.148,P=0.000),两组对比有显著的统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论:神经阻滞与全身麻醉在跟骨骨折内固定术后的应用具有更好的镇痛效果,且不影响阻滞效果,能促进患者康复,减少术后并发症的发生。     

跗骨窦入路切开复位内固定与外侧"L"形入路切开复位内固定治疗跟骨骨折的疗效比较研究

目的:比较跗骨窦入路切开复位内固定与外侧"L"形入路切开复位内固定治疗跟骨骨折的疗效。方法:选取2016年10月到2017年6月期间川北医学院附属医院收治的86例跟骨骨折患者,根据随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,两组均为43例。对照组采用外侧"L"形入路切开复位内固定进行治疗,观察组采用跗骨窦入路切开复位内固定进行治疗。比较两组患者的手术时间、住院时间、骨折愈合时间、踝-后足功能优良率、视觉模拟评分法(VAS)、B?hler角、Gissane角和术后并发症发生率。结果:两组患者的手术时间和骨折愈合时间比较无统计学差异(P0.05),而观察组患者的住院时间短于对照组(P0.05)。观察组患者术后踝-后足功能优良率高于对照组(P0.05)。在术前和术后12个月时,两组患者的VAS评分、Gissane角、B?hler角比较无统计学差异(P0.05),术后12个月时两组患者的VAS评分均明显低于术前,B?hler角及Gissane角明显高于术前(P0.05)。观察组患者术后并发症发生率低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:跗骨窦入路和外侧"L"形入路切开复位内固定均可有效治疗跟骨骨折,但跗骨窦入路可更有效地改善踝-后足功能,且住院时间短、术后并发症发生率更低。     

跟骨距下关节内移位骨折的手术治疗

目的 探讨总结跟骨距下关节内移位骨折的手术治疗。方法 对4例423个跟骨作了手术治疗;29个跟骨作了跟骨骨折切开复位自体骨移植支撑固定术;14个跟骨作了跟骨骨折切开复位自体移植并辅以克氏针内固定术。结果 根据术后并发症,跟骨X平片上的测量,患足功能等多方面评估。初步效果较好。结论 细致轻柔的操作。着重于跟骨距下后关节面,Bohler角的恢复准确的复位。简单有效的内固定是手术成功,获得良好效果的关键。     

经椎弓根椎体内植骨联合短节段内固定治疗老年骨质疏松性脊柱骨折的临床疗效

目的:探讨使用椎弓根椎体内植骨联合短节段内固定法治疗老年骨质疏松性脊柱骨折的临床疗效。方法:将2013年2月至2013年10月入院的59例老年胸腰段脊柱骨折患者按照治疗方法分为两组:观察组27例,进行经椎弓根椎体内植骨联合短节段弓根钉棒系统内固定治疗;对照组32例,单纯进行短节段弓根钉棒系统内固定治疗。研究过程中对患者的术中失血量、手术所用时间、VAS、手术前后椎体高度、骨折愈合时间及住院时间等治疗进行记录,并对两组数据进行统计学分析。结果:观察组术后及末次随访椎体高度丢失明显低于对照组(4.31±2.867.13±4.41,4.72±3.9811.57±4.72,P0.05),术前Cobb角两组患者无差异,而术后及末次随访Cobb角观察组明显低于对照组(3.96±3.477.25±5.29,5.17±4.3311.21±6.29,P0.01),差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后疼痛程度评分显示,对照组高于观察组(5.68±2.371.86±1.41,P0.05),有显著性差异。观察组术后内固定物失效率也明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:临床调查结果显示,使用椎弓根椎体内植骨联合短节段内固定治疗老年骨质疏松性脊柱骨折可降低术后痛感,提高固定即时稳定性,值得临床推广使用。     

胫骨平台后侧骨折的手术治疗

目的:探讨对于胫骨平台后侧骨折患者的手术治疗方法及治疗效果。方法:选取本院2010年4月至2012年1月间采用手术治疗的胫骨平台后侧骨折患者23例设为治疗组,本组所有患者均采用后外侧入路的内固定手术治疗方法。另选取同期采用保守治疗的胫骨平台后侧骨折患者20例设为对照组。两组患者治疗后均获得12个月以上的随访。针对两组患者治疗后骨愈合时间、膝关节功能评分以及治疗总有效率等情况进行回顾性对比分析。结果:所有两组患者经治疗后,治疗组患者骨愈合时间明显低于对照组(P0.05),其结果具有统计学意义。且经随访后,治疗组患者膝关节功能评分显著高于对照组(P0.05)。而两组患者经综合评价其治疗总有效率对比差异也具有显著性(P0.05),且结果具有统计学意义。结论:对于胫骨平台后侧骨折患者采用后外侧入路的内固定手术治疗拥有显著的临床疗效。此术式具有对骨折部位起到很好的显露及复位稳定等优点,且在治疗效果及患者膝关节功能恢复情况等方面明显优于其它治疗方式。故此方法安全、有效,不失为治疗胫骨平台后侧骨折的首选治疗方法。     

小骨窗微创手术治疗高血压脑出血患者的疗效

目的:分析小骨窗微创手术在高血压脑出血患者的临床效果。方法:选取我院收治的高血压脑出血患者200例,按照治疗方式的不同分为观察组100例,对照组100例,观察组采用小骨窗微创手术治疗,对照组采用传统开颅手术治疗,对两组疗效及预后进行对比。结果:两组患者的术后残留血肿量较术前明显减少,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),观察组术后残留血肿量(10.3±2.8)m L,对照组术后残留血肿量(11.1±3.0)m L,两组之间术后血肿残留量比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组手术时间(92.8±15.5)分钟,对照组手术时间(125.4±16.1)分钟,观察组手术时间明显短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组住院时间(15.8±5.2)天,对照组住院时间(24.1±5.8)天,观察组住院时间明显短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。再出血率比较:观察组治疗后再出血率3.0%,对照组治疗后再出血率8.0%,观察组出血率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。NDS及ADL比较:两组治疗后NDS及ADL均优于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组NDS及ADL均显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。GCS比较:两组评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:小骨窗微创手术可以改善患者的预后,可显著提高高血压脑出血治疗效果。     

椎体加椎间植骨融合术在腰椎爆裂性骨折患者中的应用效果与安全性探究

目的:探讨椎体加椎间植骨融合术在治疗腰椎爆裂性骨折患者中的临床效果及安全性。方法:选取2016年12月～2017年10月我院骨科收治的腰椎爆裂性骨折患者90例,按照手术方式将患者分成研究组和对照组,每组45例。研究组给予后路内固定术联合椎体加椎间植骨术治疗,对照组给予后路内固定术联合后外侧植骨术治疗。比较两组患者的手术时间、手术出血量以及术后3个月和12个月的椎体Cobb角、患者术后骨折愈合情况、内固定有效情况。结果:研究组手术时间、术中出血量、术后3个月和12个月椎体Cobb角明显短于或低于对照组,但骨折愈合率、内固定有效率显著高于对照组,组间差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:椎体加椎间植骨融合术治疗腰椎爆裂性骨折的临床综合效果显著优于后路内固定术联合后外侧植骨术治疗,且安全性较好。     

不同入路手术对骨盆髋臼骨折患者骨折复位质量、髋关节功能及炎症因子的影响

目的:探讨不同入路手术对骨盆髋臼骨折患者骨折复位质量、髋关节功能及炎症因子的影响。方法:回顾性分析2016年7月～2018年12月期间我院收治的91例骨盆髋臼骨折患者的临床资料,根据入路方式的不同将其分为A组(n=44,髂腹股沟入路)和B组(n=47,改良Stoppa入路),比较两组患者复位质量、围术期指标、髋关节功能及炎症因子水平,记录两组患者随访期间并发症发生情况。结果:B组术中出血量少于A组,手术切口长度短于A组(P0.05);两组手术显露时间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。B组的骨折复位优良率为85.11%(40/47),高于A组的65.91%(29/44)(P0.05)。与术前相比,两组患者出院时、术后6个月的改良Postel评分成逐渐升高趋势(P0.05);两组患者术前、出院时、术后6个月的改良Postel评分组间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者术后7 d血清白介素-6(IL-6)、降钙素原(PCT)水平均高于术前,但B组低于A组(P0.05)。B组随访期间并发症发生率低于A组(P0.05)。结论:改良Stoppa入路手术与髂腹股沟入路手术均可改善骨盆髋臼骨折患者髋关节功能,但经改良Stoppa入路手术者骨折复位质量更佳,创伤更小,炎症反应更轻,同时还可减少并发症发生率。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

The mechanism of hatching of eggs of Haemonchus contortus

Fluid collected from hatching eggs of Haemonchus contortus contained a lipase which hydrolysed 2-naphthyl laurate (about 0·7 μmol naphthol freed /h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid also hydrolysed l-leucinamide (about 2·3 μmol leucine freed/h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid when added to normal or heated eggs caused ‘hatching’. ‘Hatching’ also occurred in exsheathing fluid from infective juveniles and in a preparation of pancreatic lipase containing leucine aminopeptidase. A purified mammalian leucine aminopeptidase in combination with several different lipases did not attack egg shells.The ‘spontaneous’ hatching of eggs of H. contortus was strongly inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline, 10^?3M, and this inhibition was reversed by Zn²⁺. However, the inhibition of ‘hatching’ of eggs in externally applied hatching fluid, or the hydrolysis of leucinamide in hatching fluid was generally less marked.