核因子-κB在动脉粥样硬化中的研究进展

动脉粥样硬化(atherosclerosis,AS)与心脑血管疾病及周围血管疾病等多种疾病的发病关系密切,而AS的慢性炎症性特征已被广泛认可,从早期内皮功能紊乱到最终的斑块破裂,炎性进程伴随于AS形成的各个阶段。核因子-κB(NF-κB)作为调控炎症信号的重要转录因子,通过调节细胞因子、趋化因子、粘附分子、免疫受体、氧化应激相关酶等一系列特异基因的表达而参与AS的病理过程,并在细胞凋亡和细胞增殖等方面发挥着重要的作用,是AS形成及防治相关研究中的重要靶点。本文通过概述近年来关于NF-κB通路的信号传导在AS形成中的作用,回顾本通路相关药物的研究进展,旨在探讨NF-κB在动脉粥样硬化研究中所面临的问题,为以NF-κB为靶点的抗AS药物研究提供理论参考。     

TLR/NF-κB信号通路与肺部疾病

Toll样受体(Toll like receptor,TLR)是一种重要的模式识别受体,核转录因子-κB(nuclear factor-κB,NF-κB)处于TLR下游信号通路中的关键位置,当TLR受到病原微生物刺激后,激活NF-κB,诱导炎症因子释放,启动固有免疫。但TLR/NF-κB信号通路过度激活,有可能导致炎症反应失控。本文将介绍TLR/NF-κB信号通路及其在肺部炎症疾病例如急性肺损伤、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、肺癌、哮喘等发生发展中的作用。     

柯萨奇病毒B组5型非结构蛋白抑制NF-κB信号通路的作用机制研究

目的 柯萨奇病毒B组5型（CVB5）是手足口病的重要病原体之一,可导致发热、皮疹或疱疹等临床症状,重症者出现神经系统疾病,甚至死亡。天然免疫应答是机体抗病毒入侵的第一道防线,其中核因子κB (NF-κB)是宿主天然免疫反应中的重要蛋白质,然而关于CVB5感染后调控NF-κB介导信号通路的研究尚鲜有报道。方法 本研究通过检测启动子活性、促炎因子水平以及通路中关键蛋白表达等,阐明CVB5对NF-κB信号通路的调控作用机制。结果 CVB5感染可抑制促炎因子表达和p65的磷酸化。CVB5非结构蛋白（NSP）可抑制促炎因子表达以及重要蛋白p65和IκBα的磷酸化。经STRING11.1数据库预测表明,CVB5 3CD蛋白与宿主多聚胞嘧啶结合蛋白1 (PCBP1)具有相互作用,且PCBP1可促进IκBα和p65的磷酸化,抑制病毒复制。结论 CVB5 NSP可负调控NF-κB信号通路,且与3CD相互作用的PCBP1蛋白可通过调控NF-κB通路抑制CVB5复制。本研究探索病毒与宿主天然免疫应答的调控作用,从而为研制抗CVB5感染的药物提供作用靶点。     

甘草抗动脉粥样硬化机制的网络药理学研究

利用网络药理学方法探讨甘草在抗动脉粥样硬化中的分子机制。本研究利用中医药系统药理学数据库和分析平台(traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform,TCMSP)分析甘草中的有效活性成分,并获得有效成分的作用靶点。通过Cytoscape软件构建可视化靶点互相作用网络,对网络中的关键靶点进行基因本体(GO)富集分析和KEGG通路富集分析。结果显示甘草中40种有效活性成分的预测靶点共97个,47个靶点与动脉粥样硬化(AS)相关,其中18个是血管保护药物和脂质修饰药物的作用靶点,表明甘草可作为调控AS发展的药物。基于97个预测靶点的GO富集分析,发现甘草可参与多种生物学过程,尤其是应对外源性刺激,以及参与细胞凋亡等过程。通过构建甘草靶点与AS疾病靶点相互作用网络(PPI),确定了AKT1、MAPK3、MAPK1、JUN和CASP3等关键靶点,并对关键靶点进行KEGG富集分析,结果表明甘草主要影响调控细胞增殖、生存以及凋亡的细胞信号转导相关通路,并激活先天免疫相关信号通路,调节炎性细胞因子释放,从而发挥抗动脉粥样硬化作用。甘草具有多成分、多靶点、多途径的作用特点,主要通过PI3K-AKT信号途径、MAPK信号途径、NOD样受体信号通路调控细胞增殖和凋亡,同时发挥免疫调控作用,从而影响动脉粥样硬化的发展,由此可见,甘草可作为动脉粥样硬化疾病治疗的候选中草药。     

NF-κB抑制剂治疗肺部炎症的研究进展

NF-κB信号转导途径与肺部的炎症性病变有密切关系,以此信号通路为作用靶点的抗炎治疗是近年研究的热点。本文综述了肺部各种细胞内NF-κB活化的作用以及应用NF-κB抑制剂治疗肺部疾病的研究进展,为急性肺损伤等肺部炎症的药物治疗研究提供参考依据。     

SUMO对NF-κB信号通路的调控作用

核转录因子NF-κB是一种广泛存在于真核细胞内的,具有多向性、多功能的重要调节蛋白,与机体免疫应答、炎症反应,以及肿瘤的发生发展等多种生理病理过程相关.蛋白质翻译后修饰对NF-κB信号通路能起调控作用,而小泛素相关修饰物(small ubiquitin-related modifier,SUMO)是近年报道的参与调控NF-κB信号通路的一种非常重要的小分子蛋白,本文就SUMO对NF-κB信号通路的调节作用做一介绍.     

SUMO化修饰在NF-κB信号通路中的作用

小泛素相关修饰物（smallubiq uitin related modifier,SUMO）修饰是与泛素化修饰类似的蛋白质翻译后修饰,在细胞信号转导、核质运输与转录调控等方面发挥重要作用。核因子-κB（nuclear factor-κB,NF-κB）通路是公认的参与炎症和免疫反应的重要调节通路。近年来研究发现,SUMO通过各种机制广泛参与NF-κB信号通路的调节。研究两者的关系,可能为相关疾病的防治找到新的思路。     

NF-κB与肿瘤发生及药物筛选

NF-κB是一类能特异性地识别结合DNA的Rel类蛋白质二聚体转录因子。在静息细胞中 ,NF-κB与抑制性蛋白IκBs结合形成复合物 ,并被滞留于细胞质中而处于非活化状态 ;当细胞受到各种胞内外刺激时 ,IκBs被迅速地降解 ,NF-κB得以释放并进入细胞核 ,从而发挥其转录调节功能。NF-κB通过调控众多靶基因的转录表达而在免疫、炎症反应、细胞增殖与凋亡及肿瘤发生等许多生理学过程中发挥重要作用。介绍了NF-κB活化的调控机制 ,并对NF-κB信号通路在肿瘤发生等相关过程及其在药物筛选中的作用进行了探讨。     

核转录因子-κB在缺氧导致的炎症中的作用

核转录因子-κB(nuclear factor-κB,NF-κB)是一种能控制DNA的转录、细胞因子合成以及细胞存活时间的蛋白复合物,是机体应对免疫、应激、细胞凋亡和分化的关键调节因子。缺氧导致的炎症反应一直是医学研究领域的热点,其研究成果可以为临床心血管疾病、炎性肠病、类风湿关节炎、器官移植等多种疾病提供基因水平的诊断依据和新的治疗靶点。NF-κB信号通路是如何调控缺氧导致的炎症被广泛关注,仍有许多问题亟待解决。本文重点阐述了NF-κB转录因子家族及生物作用、缺氧炎症过程中NF-κB与缺氧诱导因子-1(hypoxia-inducible factor-1,HIF-1)的关系及NF-κB信号通路与缺氧的炎症基因表达。这些研究可以为临床诊断、治疗提供基因水平的辅助和新的治疗方向。     

NF-κB信号通路在鱼类先天性免疫中的作用

NF-κB(nuclear factorκB)是一种广泛存在的核转录因子。经不同刺激信号激活后,参与多种免疫反应相关基因的表达调控,对鱼类先天性免疫调节起着十分重要的作用。对鱼类NF-κB的结构、功能及其信号传导途径进行概述,并对NF-κB信号通路在鱼类先天性免疫调节中的作用进行综述。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.