医务人员特质情绪智力与工作满意度相关关系的研究

目的 研究医务人员特质情绪智力与工作满意度的相关关系,以影响工作满意度的个人心理因素为出发点,探索提高医务人员工作满意度的新途径。方法 使用特质情绪智力问卷及工作满意度问卷对北京市536名医务人员实施测评,并进行相关分析。结果 医务人员特质情绪智力各剖面得分显著低于英国常模;特质情绪智力的各剖面与管理者、同事满意、工作本身、交际、工作满意度总分间存在不同程度的正相关。结论 有必要对医务人员进行有针对性的情绪智力培养,这将有利于提高工作满意度。

     

医患认知差异下医患信任关系的重构

目的 通过分析医患双方对医患信任改善对策的认知现状及差异,提出基于双方视角的医患信任重构对策。方法 在参与式与非参与式观察与个人访谈的基础上,北京市6家三甲医院医务人员和患者共1 209人进行问卷调查,通过统计分析了解医患信任改善对策的医患双方的认知差异。结果 医患双方在就医患信任关系改善对策的3个维度有认知差异,分别是患方改善对策、医方改善对策和政府改善对策。结论 提出基于双方视角的医患信任关系重构对策：加强法制建设净化行业环境,深化医改、减轻双方经济负担,创新服务模式、提高医院服务质量,提升医患双方的“诚信素质”。

     

医护人员心理资本、应对方式与工作倦怠关系

目的 探讨医护人员心理资本、应对方式与工作倦怠的关系。方法 采用心理资本量表、简易应对方式量表和Maslach工作倦怠量表通用版对河北省某省级三甲医院101名医护人员进行调查。结果 （1）医生自我效能得分高于护士,成就感低落得分低于护士(P<0.05)。（2）心理资本与工作倦怠（乐观与成就感低落相关除外）呈显著负相关(P<0.01 or P<0.05),消极应对与成就感低落呈显著正相关(P<0.01)。（3）希望对情绪衰竭和玩世不恭有明显负向预测(P<0.01,P<0.001),自我效能(P<0.001)和消极应对(P<0.05)对成就感低落分别有负向和或正向预测作用。结论 提升心理资本水平,调整消极应对方式能有效预防和矫治医护人员工作倦怠;医院管理层应关注护士群体的心理状态。     

南宁市医生职业情绪劳动表现策略调查及相关因素分析

目的 探讨医生职业的情绪表现策略及相关影响因素,为提高卫生人力资源管理效率提供依据。方法 采用情绪劳动量表(ELS)、简易症状自评量表、简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)、社会支持量表(SSRS)和工作倦怠调查问卷对276名医生进行问卷调查。结果 医生的情绪表现策略依次为深层表现和自然表现以及表面表现。随着工龄增加,自然表现应用减少,深层表现应用增多。医生的心理卫生症状、应对方式均分比常模高。医生的工作倦怠显示中重度。表面表现策略与躯体化、焦虑、抑郁、敌对、应对方式、情绪衰竭呈正相关（r=0.23～0.33）;自然表现策略与躯体、焦虑、积极应对呈负相关（r=-0.24～-0.27）,与社会支持呈正相关（r=0.25）;深层表现策略与社会支持呈正相关（r=0.27）。结论 医生职业的情绪表现策略与工作倦怠、心理卫生和社会支持有相关性,医院管理者可制定相应的措施减轻员工的情绪劳动压力,提高医疗服务质量。     

公立医疗机构公益性评价方法初探

????? 目的 探索公立医疗机构公益性评价的方法。方法 采用涵盖公平性与可及性、适宜性、质量和效率4个维度的18个指标,应用秩和比法、TOPSIS法和效度系数法对某市10家公立医院的公益性进行分析,用Kendall’s W协同系数检验对3种评价方法的结果的一致性进行检验。结果 3种评价方法都可以用于医疗机构公益性评价,Kendall’s W协同系数检验的结果说明3种评级方法具有很好的一致性。结论 3种方法各有利弊,可以运用多种方法评价公立医疗机构的公益性,数据的可得性成为公立医疗机构机构公益性评价的重要制约因素。

     

医务人员职业倦怠对工作满意度及离职倾向的影响

目的 探讨公立医院医务人员职业倦怠对工作满意度及离职倾向的影响。方法 采用问卷调查法进行数据收集,采用多元线性阶层回归分析进行数据分析。结果 情绪衰竭（β= -0.292,P＜0.01）和情感疏远（β= -0.300,P＜0.01）能显著降低医务人员的工作满意度;情绪衰竭（β= 0.247,P＜0.01）和情感疏远（β= 0.173,P＜0.01）显著增加了医务人员的离职倾向;成就感低落可以预测医务人员的工作满意度（β= 0.175,P＜0.01）。结论 职业倦怠显著降低医务人员工作满意度水平并增加了他们的离职倾向。     

妇产科医师鉴别胜任特征研究

目的 获取绩效优秀妇产科医师区别于绩效普通妇产科医师的胜任特征。方法 在编制医师胜任特征词典的基础上,以10名绩优和10名绩平医师为研究对象,采用行为事件访谈法收集数据,对不同绩效组医师胜任特征的频次、平均等级分值和最高等级分值的差异采用Wilcoxon秩和检验进行分析。结果 鉴别胜任特征包括严谨细致、团队合作等18项特征。结论 鉴别胜任特征对妇产科医师人力资源规划、招聘、培训有一定参考价值。

     

安徽省公立医院医务人员改革意愿调查分析

目的 调查分析安徽省公立医院医务人员对公立医院改革的意愿情况及其影响因素。方法 采用自行设计问卷,以无记名方式对安徽省4所试点医院和4所非试点医院共
1 140名医务人员进行调查,并运用SPSS13.0统计软件对调查结果进行分析。结果 1 140名医务人员有80%以上人员对相关改革政策有所了解,但对改革具体内容的知晓率偏低;有82.8%的医务人员认为需要进行公立医院改革,并且有77.2%人赞同所在医院参与公立医院改革,不赞同改革的仅占3.2%;医务人员参与公立医院改革的意愿与改革对个人利益产生的影响有关。结论 加大公立医院改革相关政策内容的宣传力度,针对改革意愿对不同人群采取相应的激励手段是推进公立医院改革顺利进行的重要保障。另外,在改革中要注意改革给医务人员带来的利益与成本比较,改善医务人员的收入,拓宽医务人员个人职业发展空间,优化执业环境等将是调动医务人员参与改革积极性的重要措施。     

潍坊市乡镇卫生院人力资源现状分析

目的 了解潍坊市乡镇卫生院人力资源情况,为政府部门合理配置卫生人力资源和基层医疗机构综合改革提供参考。方法 对2010年潍坊市148个乡镇卫生院进行问卷调查。从整体上对乡镇卫生院的整体情况、年龄结构、学历结构、职称构成和专业构成情况进行分析。结果 潍坊市乡镇卫生院人员实有编制数及人员素质总体偏低。结论 应采取有效措施培训和引进人才,提高卫生技术人员的素质和能力。     

公立医院组织公民压力对护理人员工作倦怠的影响

目的 首次检验护理职场中的组织公民压力对护理人员工作倦怠的影响并进行机制阐释。方法 使用组织公民压力量表和工作倦怠量表进行了一个横断面问卷调查,收集了845份护士的调查问卷,有效回收率为85.61%。结果 组织公民压力得分均值为（1.67±0.64）分,处于低水平;工作倦怠得分均值为（2.50±1.12）分,处于中等偏下水平;组织公民压力显著预测护理人员的工作倦怠（β= 0.566,P＜0.01）。结论 组织公民压力虽然程度不高,但是较普通存在护理职场,并能加剧护理人员的工作倦怠感。     

IT职员工作-家庭冲突与职业枯竭的关系（英文）

目的：探讨工作-家庭冲突和职业枯竭的关系。方法：采用问卷法调查了249名IT职员。结果：分层回归分析的结果显示,在控制了人口统计学变量之后,工作-家庭冲突所解释的方差变异量,在情绪衰竭、去人性化和成就感低落三个维度上分别增加了44%、25%和16%。结论：工作-家庭冲突可有效地预测职业枯竭。     

The Mediating Role of Coping Style in the Relationship between Psychological Capital and Burnout among Chinese Nurses

Background

Burnout is recognized as an occupational hazard, and nursing has a high risk of burnout. This study aims to explore the relationship between psychological capital (PsyCap) and burnout among Chinese nurses and the mediating role of coping style in this relationship.

Methods

A total of 1,496 nurses (effective response rate: 80.11%) from two large general hospitals in Daqing City of China were selected as participants. Data were collected via the Chinese Maslach Burnout Inventory (CMBI), the psychological capital questionnaire (PCQ-24), the Chinese Trait Coping Style Questionnaire (TCSQ) and demographic and caregiver-patient relationship. Hierarchical linear regression analyses were performed to explore the mediating role of positive coping and negative coping, and we used the Bootstrap method to confirm the mediating effect.

Results

Self-efficacy, hope, resilience and optimism of nurses were all negatively related with emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment among Chinese nurses. Positive coping partially mediated the relationship between hope/optimism and emotional exhaustion and between self-efficacy/optimism and reduced personal accomplishment. Negative coping fully mediated the relationship between self-efficacy and emotional exhaustion, and in the regression model self-efficacy was positively correlated with emotional exhaustion. And negative coping also partially mediated the relationship between hope/optimism and emotional exhaustion and between optimism and depersonalization.

Conclusion

PsyCap had effects on burnout and coping style was a mediator in this relationship among Chinese nurses. Nurses who had a strong sense of self-efficacy adopted more negative coping style, which in turn would lead to higher levels of emotional exhaustion. These findings shed light on the influence of negative coping on burnout, and positive coping was a positive resource for fighting against nurses’ burnout. Hence, in order to avoid negative coping style, improve skill of coping and enhance PsyCap of nurses, active interventions should be developed in the future.     

The Relationship between Trait Emotional Intelligence and Interaction with Ostracized Others' Retaliation

Background

Regulation of emotions in others is distinct from other activities related to trait emotional intelligence in that only such behavior can directly change other people''s psychological states. Although emotional intelligence has generally been associated with prosociality, emotionally intelligent people may manipulate others'' behaviors to suit their own interests using high-level capabilities to read and manage the emotions of others. This study investigated how trait emotional intelligence was related to interacting with ostracized others who attempt retaliation.

Method

We experimentally manipulated whether two people were simultaneously ostracized or not by using an online ball-tossing game called Cyberball. Eighty university students participated in Cyberball for manipulating ostracism and a “recommendation game,” a variation of the ultimatum game for assessing how to interact with others who attempt retaliation, with four participants. After the recommendation game, participants rated their intention to retaliate during the game.

Results

People with higher interpersonal emotional intelligence were more likely to recommend that the ostracized other should inhibit retaliation and maximize additional rewards when they have a weaker intention to retaliate. However, they were more likely to recommend that the ostracized other should retaliate against the ostracizers when they have a stronger intention to retaliate.

Conclusion

This is the first laboratory study that empirically reveals that people with high interpersonal emotional intelligence influence others'' emotions based on their own goals contrary to the general view. Trait emotional intelligence itself is neither positive nor negative, but it can facilitate interpersonal behaviors for achieving goals. Our study offers valuable contributions for the refinement of the trait emotional intelligence concept in the respect of its social function.     

Strategies against Burnout and Anxiety in Medical Education – Implementation and Evaluation of a New Course on Relaxation Techniques (Relacs) for Medical Students

Burnout and stress-related mental disorders (depression, anxiety) occur in medical students and physicians with a significantly higher prevalence than in the general population. At the same time, the learning of coping mechanisms against stress is still not an integral part of medical education. In this pilot study we developed an elective course for learning relaxation techniques and examined the condition of the students before and after the course. 42 students participated in the semester courses in 2012 and 2013 as well as in a survey at the start and end of each course. The students were instructed in autogenic training (AT) and progressive muscle relaxation according to Jacobsen (PMR) with the goal of independent and regular exercising. At the beginning and the end of the semester/course the students were interviewed using standardized, validated questionnaires on burnout (BOSS-II) and anxiety (STAI-G), depression (BDI), quality of life (SF-12) and sense of coherence (SOC-L9). We compared the results of our students participating in Relacs with results from eight semester medical students (n = 88), assessed with the same questionnaires at similar points of time within their semester. Participating students showed a significant decline in cognitive and emotional burnout stress and in trait anxiety. Furthermore, they showed a reduction in state anxiety and a conspicuous decrease in mean depression. The sense of coherence increased at the same time. A comparative cohort of medical students of 8^th semester students, showed lower values for the specified measurement parameters at the beginning, but showed no progressive changes. Our course introducing AT and PMR led to a significant reduction of burnout and anxiety within the participating group of medical students. Even the course attendance for just one semester resulted in significant improvements in the evaluated parameters in contrast to those students who did not attend the course.     

Circadian Typology and Emotional Intelligence in Healthy Adults

Several aspects related to health, such as satisfaction with life, perceived well-being, and psychopathological symptomatology have been associated with circadian typology and with emotional intelligence. Nevertheless, the relationships between circadian typology and emotional intelligence have not been explored yet. The purpose of the present study is to examine the relationships between circadian typology and emotional intelligence, taking into account the possible interactions between sex and physical exercise, and controlling for age. A sample of 1011 participants (649 women), aged between 18 and 50 yrs (26.92?±?6.53) completed the reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (rMEQ) and the Trait Meta-Mood Scale-24 (TMMS-24). The TMMS-24 considers three dimensions of emotional intelligence: emotional attention, emotional clarity, and emotional repair. Women showed higher values for emotional attention, whereas men showed higher values for emotional repair (p?<?0.035, in both cases). Subjects who do physical exercise weekly showed higher values for emotional repair (p?=?0.001) regardless of circadian typology or sex. Circadian typology presents differences in all scores of emotional intelligence dimensions. Morning-type had lower emotional attention than evening- and neither-type; neither-type had lower emotional repair than morning-type, and lower emotional clarity than both evening- and morning-type (p?<?0.046, in all cases). Moreover, circadian typology modulated the sex differences in emotional attention, and only morning-type men showed a low emotional attention score. From the results of emotional intelligence we can conclude that morning typology may be a protective factor in terms of general health, whereas we should be aware that the neither-type may present a possible vulnerability to develop psychological problems.     

城市社区与乡镇卫生院医务人员工作倦怠情况分析

目的 分析基层医疗卫生机构中的城市社区卫生服务中心与乡镇卫生院医务人员的工作倦怠情况及影响因素,探讨两类机构中医务人员倦怠的水平差异。方法 采用Maslach职业倦怠普适量表（MBI-GS）对东北某地区城市社区卫生服务中心及乡镇卫生院进行问卷调查。结果 城市社区卫生服务中心医务人员工作倦怠检出率为27.8%,工作倦怠程度影响因素是学历、职称、工资收入和绩效方案合理性。乡镇卫生院工作倦怠检出率为34.1%,倦怠程度主要受性别、工作时间、工作量和工资收入影响。结论 乡镇卫生院较城市社区卫生服务中心医务人员的工作倦怠感严重,应引起有关管理部门的重视并采取相应的干预措施。     

Psychophysiological reactivity and personality traits of left- and right-handers during intense mental load

The relationship between vascular reactivity and the levels of neuroticism and anxiety in left- and right-handed subjects during intense mental load was studied. Thirty-two left-handed and 32 right-handed volunteers (16 men and 16 women in each group) aged 18–30 years were studied. During mental load, both groups exhibited an increase in sympathetic-adrenal activity. In the left-handers, the stress vascular reactivity to mental load was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of the right-handers. In the left-handed women, a moderate negative correlation of vascular reactivity and the levels of neuroticism (r = −0.39) and trait anxiety (r = −0.47, F = 4.04; p = 0.06) was revealed. In the right-handed men, a moderate positive correlation between vascular reactivity and neuroticism (r = 0.35) and a significant positive correlation between vascular reactivity and trait anxiety (r = 0.60, F = 7.92; p = 0.01) was established.     

Nationwide Survey of Work Environment,Work-Life Balance and Burnout among Psychiatrists in Japan

Background

Psychiatry has been consistently shown to be a profession characterised by ‘high-burnout’; however, no nationwide surveys on this topic have been conducted in Japan.

Aims

The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of burnout and to ascertain the relationship between work environment satisfaction, work-life balance satisfaction and burnout among psychiatrists working in medical schools in Japan.

Method

We mailed anonymous questionnaires to all 80 psychiatry departments in medical schools throughout Japan. Work-life satisfaction, work-environment satisfaction and social support assessments, as well as the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), were used.

Results

Sixty psychiatric departments (75.0%) responded, and 704 psychiatrists provided answers to the assessments and MBI. Half of the respondents (n = 311, 46.0%) experienced difficulty with their work-life balance. Based on the responses to the MBI, 21.0% of the respondents had a high level of emotional exhaustion, 12.0% had a high level of depersonalisation, and 72.0% had a low level of personal accomplishment. Receiving little support, experiencing difficulty with work-life balance, and having less work-environment satisfaction were significantly associated with higher emotional exhaustion. A higher number of nights worked per month was significantly associated with higher depersonalisation.

Conclusions

A low level of personal accomplishment was quite prevalent among Japanese psychiatrists compared with the results of previous studies. Poor work-life balance was related to burnout, and social support was noted to mitigate the impact of burnout.     

对某三甲医院临床医疗告知行为现状的调查与分析

??????? 目的 基于对医生告知行为的调查,发现目前临床中存在的医疗告知行为方面的不足。方法 采用随机抽样的方式对217名医务人员进行医疗告知行为情况的调查。结果 医疗机构在医疗告知方面存在缺陷：医疗告知主体高年资医师参与度不高;医疗告知对象主要是患者的近亲属,而不是患者本人;医疗告知注重风险告知,而忽视了对患者病情及医疗方案等内容的告知。结论 目前临床工作中在医疗告知方面不足,医疗机构应该通过完善制度、培训医师及管理部门加强监管等方面来保障医疗知情告知起到其应有的作用。     

The scale‐of‐choice effect and how estimates of assortative mating in the wild can be biased due to heterogeneous samples

The mode in which sexual organisms choose mates is a key evolutionary process, as it can have a profound impact on fitness and speciation. One way to study mate choice in the wild is by measuring trait correlation between mates. Positive assortative mating is inferred when individuals of a mating pair display traits that are more similar than those expected under random mating while negative assortative mating is the opposite. A recent review of 1134 trait correlations found that positive estimates of assortative mating were more frequent and larger in magnitude than negative estimates. Here, we describe the scale‐of‐choice effect (SCE), which occurs when mate choice exists at a smaller scale than that of the investigator's sampling, while simultaneously the trait is heterogeneously distributed at the true scale‐of‐choice. We demonstrate the SCE by Monte Carlo simulations and estimate it in two organisms showing positive (Littorina saxatilis) and negative (L. fabalis) assortative mating. Our results show that both positive and negative estimates are biased by the SCE by different magnitudes, typically toward positive values. Therefore, the low frequency of negative assortative mating observed in the literature may be due to the SCE's impact on correlation estimates, which demands new experimental evaluation.