公立医院职场排斥对护士情绪耗竭和工作满意度的影响

目的 探讨公立医院职场排斥对护士情绪耗竭和工作满意度的影响以及可能的机制。方法 采用横断面问卷调查法收集数据,采用多元阶层回归分析法进行数据统计分析。结果 职场排斥得分均值为（1.53±0.72）,处于较低水平;52.2%护士表现出情绪耗竭倾向;职场排斥能够显著预测护士的情感耗竭（β=0.186,P＜0.01）和工作满意度（β= -0.252,P＜0.01）。其中,情绪耗竭在二者之间扮演部分中介作用。结论 公立医院职场排斥在护理人群中并不普遍,但却应该引起关注;护士情绪耗竭较为严重。而且,职场排斥将直接或者通过情绪耗竭中介作用影响她们的工作满意度评价。     

ICU护士工作压力与创新行为的相关性分析

目的 了解医院ICU护士工作压力和创新行为现状及二者之间的关系。方法 抽取哈尔滨市三所大型综合医院的10个ICU病区的289名护士为研究对象,采用一般资料、护士工作压力源量表和创新行为量表对护理人员进行调查。结果 ICU护士工作压力平均分为2.63±0.64分,创新行为平均分为4.21±0.92分。工作压力各维度中,管理及人际关系、护理专业及工作和工作环境及仪器设备三个维度为创新行为的主要影响因素（P＜0.05）。结论 临床护理管理者应想方设法减轻ICU护士的工作压力,才有利于促进临床护理工作者的创新行为,提高护理工作质量。     

护士工作压力与生活质量的相关性研究

??????? 目的 研究护士的工作压力及生活质量状况,探讨工作压力与生活质量之间的相关性。方法 对138名护士进行问卷调查。采用李小妹修订的护士工作压力源量表测定护士工作压力,用世界卫生组织的生活质量评定量表（WHOQOL-BREF）测定护士的生活质量。结果 护士工作压力总均分为（15.11±2.18）分,护士生活质量总得分为（58.07±8.43）分,护士工作压力各维度与生活质量各维度之间大多呈负相关。结论 护士工作压力为重度压力水平。护士生活质量得分明显低于常模,其生活质量较差。护士工作压力与生活质量之间关系呈显著负相关,工作压力大的护士其生活质量差。     

三级医院新护士职业价值观及离职意愿现状调查

目的 调查新护士的职业价值观及离职意愿现状, 为护理管理者培养社会需要的护理人才、稳定护理队伍提供借鉴。 方法 采用护士职业价值观量表和离职意愿量表对496名新护士进行调查, 并对结果作统计学分析。 结果 新护士职业价值观各条目的总均分为（3.579±0.681）分;不同学历的新护士,其职业价值观评分的差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;新护士离职意愿量表总平均分为（2.68±0.69）分;不同任职方式、学历、科室的新护士,其离职意愿总平均得分的差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。 结论 大部分新护士的职业价值观较为积极,但离职意愿较高。护理管理者应加大对新护士的重视,协助其完成职业过渡。     

公立医院医患互动关系对医护人员工作投入影响研究

目的 探讨公立医院中医方视角下的医患互动关系对医护人员工作投入的影响。方法 采用横断面的问卷调查法收集数据,采用阶层线性回归模型进行数据处理。结果 （1）医患互动关系中的支持性互动关系得分均值为（3.984±0.892）,抑制性互动关系得分均值为（3.142±0.883）,活力得分均值为（2.752±1.369）,奉献得分均值为（1.944±1.403）,专注得分均值为（3.858±1.347）;（2）支持性互动关系与工作投入呈显著的正向相关 (β=0.406, P< 0.01),抑制性互动关系与工作投入无显著相关性(β=-0.049, P＞0.01)。结论 支持性医患互动关系能显著提升医护人员的工作投入感,相反,抑制性医患互动关系成为医护人员的重要压力源,医护人员感知到的医患之间互动关系质量可以影响医护人员自身及工作结果。     

职场正念对公立医院护士心理韧性的影响研究

目的 探讨职场正念对护士心理韧性的影响及可能的机制。方法 通过一个横断面式的网络问卷调查收集资料,阶层线性回归法验证变量间的作用关系。结果 护士的职场正念均值水平为（4.74±0.63）,护士心理韧性均值水平为（3.44±0.89）;职场正念对护士心理韧性（β= 0.255,P＜0.01）具有正向预测作用。结论 职场正念可以有效提升护士的心理韧性水平,有助于护士抵御不良事件和负向情绪的侵袭,帮助她们快速从消极情绪中恢复。     

721名临床护士离职意愿的现况调查

目的 了解陕西省临床护士的离职意愿现状。方法 通过复杂抽样法随机抽取陕西省的721名临床护士为研究对象,采用国际广泛认可的离职意愿量表和自制的一般个人情况问卷对其进行问卷调查。结果 本研究的问卷有效回收率为90.35%,721名临床护士离职意愿总分为（15.33±3.29）分,指标值为63.88%,离职意愿Ⅲ维度（获得外部工作的可能性）得分最低,为（4.88±1.14）分,不同医院、不同医院等级及不同编制护士离职意愿得分有显著性差异。结论 陕西省临床护士的离职意愿整体处于较低的水平,获得外部工作的可能性高,护理管理者应注重对护士进行职业生涯规划,并减少不同编制护士之间的各种差别。     

职场正念对护士离职意向影响及知觉压力中介效应

目的 探讨护理职场正念对知觉压力和离职意向的影响,并检验知觉压力的中介机制。方法 采用横断面网络问卷调查收集数据,使用阶层线性回归法验证变量间的相互关系。结果 护士的职场正念处于较高水平（M=4.74,SD=0.63）;职场正念对护士知觉压力（β= -0.244,P＜0.01）和离职意向（β= -0.235,P＜0.01）具有负向预测作用,知觉压力扮演了部分中介效应（β=0.076）。结论 职场正念可以抑制护士的知觉压力水平,并能降低护士个体的离职意向。     

综合医院大数据应用需求调查与分析

目的 分析综合医院对于大数据应用的内在需求,为医院的大数据研发与应用提供导向和依据。方法 采用德尔菲法自制医院大数据应用需求调查问卷,随机抽取中国研究型医院学会医疗分会64家会员单位进行调查,获得有效问卷104份,有效回收率为94.55%。结果 精准医疗（4.31±0.42）分,精益管理（4.23±0.56）分,科学研究（4.19±0.52）分,健康管理（4.16±0.52）分,数字医疗（4.06±0.60）分,教育培训（3.69±0.69）分。不同性别、年龄、职称、岗位组间的需求差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。多元线性回归分析结果显示,医学人工智能（b=0.324,P=0.000）和互联网+医疗（b=0.161,P=0.047）的需求程度会对医院大数据应用前景态度产生显著的正向影响关系。结论 综合性医院对大数据具有较强的、多样化的应用需求,应以实际需求为导向,重点推进精准医疗、医学人工智能和互联网+医疗等相关应用的研发。     

基于PReSS的护士精神薪酬满意度现况分析

目的 评估护士精神薪酬满意度现状，为准确制定护士激励政策提供依据。方法 应用护士精神薪酬满意度量表（Psychological Reward Satisfaction Scale，PReSS），采用方便抽样方法，在哈尔滨市辖区内抽取5家三级甲等医院538名护士进行问卷调查。结果 目标医院护士精神薪酬满意度平均得分为（4.11±0.71）分，其中来自护士长的精神薪酬满意度（4.14±0.76）分，高于来自医生的精神薪酬满意度（4.07±0.80）分；不同科室、职称护士精神薪酬满意度差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 目标医院护士精神薪酬满意度水平较高；护士长对护士薪酬满意度影响较大；提示护理管理人员应努力提升自身管理能力与领导魅力，以提高护士的精神薪酬水平，激发其工作动力。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

The mechanism of hatching of eggs of Haemonchus contortus

Fluid collected from hatching eggs of Haemonchus contortus contained a lipase which hydrolysed 2-naphthyl laurate (about 0·7 μmol naphthol freed /h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid also hydrolysed l-leucinamide (about 2·3 μmol leucine freed/h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid when added to normal or heated eggs caused ‘hatching’. ‘Hatching’ also occurred in exsheathing fluid from infective juveniles and in a preparation of pancreatic lipase containing leucine aminopeptidase. A purified mammalian leucine aminopeptidase in combination with several different lipases did not attack egg shells.The ‘spontaneous’ hatching of eggs of H. contortus was strongly inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline, 10^?3M, and this inhibition was reversed by Zn²⁺. However, the inhibition of ‘hatching’ of eggs in externally applied hatching fluid, or the hydrolysis of leucinamide in hatching fluid was generally less marked.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.