医务人员工作倦怠与特质情绪智力相关关系的研究

目的 通过考察医务人员工作倦怠与特质情绪智力的相关关系,为探索改善医务人员工作倦怠状况的方法提供依据。方法 采用随机抽样的方式对552名医务人员进行工作倦怠和特质情绪智力问卷的调查。结果 (1)工作倦怠与特质情绪智力负性相关关系显著;(2)总体上,特质情绪智力对工作倦怠具有一定的负向预测作用。结论 可以通过对医务人员特质情绪智力的培养改善其工作倦怠感,培训方案的设计要注意整体性和全面性。

     

公立医院非在编人员工作满意度调查与分析

?????? 目的　通过分析公立医院非在编人员工作满意度影响因素,提出改进建议,以更好地为患者提供优质服务。　方法　满意度问卷调查表采用李克特量表,使用STATA10.0软件进行统计数据分析。　结果　非在编人员工作总体满意度平均得分为（3.66+0.78）分,评价一般。影响满意度的因素有：个人职业期望、科室管理、工作氛围、奖金待遇、学习培训等。　结论　医院应关注非在编员工满意度管理工作,关注不同群体的差异和不同影响因素,有效提高满意度,增强医院的可持续发展力。     

医院聘用制医务人员组织承诺与工作满意度相关分析

?????? 目的 分析医院聘用制医务人员组织承诺及其与工作满意度的关系,为提高聘用制医务人员组织忠诚、稳定医务人员队伍提供有益的参考。方法 以该院2006年度及2009年度入职的聘用制医务人员为对象,使用组织承诺量表及明尼苏达满意度问卷进行调查研究。结果 样本医院聘用制医务人员的总体组织承诺、情感承诺、继续承诺、规范承诺得分分别为(58.53士16.69)分、(21.50士6.02)分、(18.59士5.44)分、(18.45士7.20)分;组织承诺与工作满意度有显著的相关性,内在满意度与组织承诺之间相关性最为显著（r=0.676,P<0.01）。结论 通过提高聘用制医务人员的工作满意度特别是内在满意度能有效提高其组织承诺。     

医务人员职业倦怠对工作满意度及离职倾向的影响

目的 探讨公立医院医务人员职业倦怠对工作满意度及离职倾向的影响。方法 采用问卷调查法进行数据收集,采用多元线性阶层回归分析进行数据分析。结果 情绪衰竭（β= -0.292,P＜0.01）和情感疏远（β= -0.300,P＜0.01）能显著降低医务人员的工作满意度;情绪衰竭（β= 0.247,P＜0.01）和情感疏远（β= 0.173,P＜0.01）显著增加了医务人员的离职倾向;成就感低落可以预测医务人员的工作满意度（β= 0.175,P＜0.01）。结论 职业倦怠显著降低医务人员工作满意度水平并增加了他们的离职倾向。     

医务人员服务积极性认知现状调查与分析

?????? 目的 以北京市医院为例,了解现阶段医务人员对积极性的认知现状,探索存在差异的影响因素。方法 问卷调查法并深入访谈法。结果 逾八成的医务人员对积极性至少有一定程度了解,积极性最重要体现前五项为：自觉履行救死扶伤的宗旨;良好的医疗质量;适宜的工作量使患者能得到妥善救治;快捷的服务效率;过度医疗。近八成的医务人员认为员工积极性正在削弱,积极性削弱最重要原因前五项为：付出与所得不相称;医患关系不和谐;缺乏职业安全感;工资待遇低;工作的不到应有的认可、重视、尊重。逾九成的医务人员认为应调动员工积极性,积极性调动最重要措施前五项为：建立健全公平公正、科学合理的薪酬机制;和谐医患关系;营造良好的执业环境;员工意见和建议受认可、重视、尊重的程度;建立健全公平公正、科学合理的绩效考评制度。对积极性认知的主要影响因素有性别、婚姻状况、文化程度、工作年限、岗位、部门、编制、月收入等。结论 积极性认知有较广泛的群众基础,开展医务人员服务积极性认知现状调查,熟悉相关影响因素,有利于从源头上为切实落实“调动积极性”提供一个参考的视角。     

江苏省医务人员工作满意度及其影响因素研究

目的 分析江苏省医务人员工作满意度及其影响因素,为江苏省卫生人才队伍建设提供依据。方法 采用问卷调查方法,调查2 407名医务人员的工作满意度情况。结果 医务人员整体满意度得分为68.76分,处于居中水平,各维度满意度评分从高到低依次是目前工作、上下级关系、同事关系、医院设备条件、工作报酬、工作本身、工作环境和提升机会,得分依次为80.11分、77.66分、75.07分、69.03分、65.16分、65.09分、64.02分和53.97分;单因素方差分析显示,不同性别、婚姻状况、职称、学历、主要从事专业类别、工作年数、机构类别、月平均收入、社会地位、受患者尊重程度和是否正式编制的医务人员工作满意度得分差异有统计学意义;多元线性回归分析结果显示,受患者尊重程度、社会地位、主要从事专业类别、最高学历、机构类别和职称情况对于医务人员工作满意度的影响具有统计学意义。结论 医务人员的满意度水平需提高,重点应放在改善医患关系,为医务人员提供良好的专业发展机会等方面,针对不同医务人员的特征采取有效的干预措施,提高其工作满意度和积极性。

     

教学医院医患关系与医德医风评价研析

目的 调查医护人员医德自我评价和患者对医护人员医德评价。方法 对某教学医院306名患者、266名医护人员进行问卷调查,调查信息通过Epidata录入,使用SPSS13.0软件进行统计描述和分析。结果 在医护人员的服务态度、医护人员对患者需求的反应、尊重患者的知情同意权、医药费用问题、患者的信任、医患沟通等方面存在差异。结论 主要从以下几方面进行改善：完善医德医风管理制度,提高医护人员整体素质,注重对医学生医德信念的培养,转变医德医风的教育方式,提高医务人员的待遇。     

医护人员心理资本、应对方式与工作倦怠关系

目的 探讨医护人员心理资本、应对方式与工作倦怠的关系。方法 采用心理资本量表、简易应对方式量表和Maslach工作倦怠量表通用版对河北省某省级三甲医院101名医护人员进行调查。结果 （1）医生自我效能得分高于护士,成就感低落得分低于护士(P<0.05)。（2）心理资本与工作倦怠（乐观与成就感低落相关除外）呈显著负相关(P<0.01 or P<0.05),消极应对与成就感低落呈显著正相关(P<0.01)。（3）希望对情绪衰竭和玩世不恭有明显负向预测(P<0.01,P<0.001),自我效能(P<0.001)和消极应对(P<0.05)对成就感低落分别有负向和或正向预测作用。结论 提升心理资本水平,调整消极应对方式能有效预防和矫治医护人员工作倦怠;医院管理层应关注护士群体的心理状态。     

护理人员职业能力倾向测评体系的研究

目的 构建一套系统、科学的护理人员职业能力倾向测评体系,为进一步编制相应的测评工具奠定基础。方法 采用Delphi法对30名专家进行了两轮函询,对指标进行筛选与修正。结果 两轮问卷有效回收率均为100%,表明专家对本研究的积极性较高;专家对评价指标的权威系数在0.8以上,结果具有较高的权威性。构建了包括二级结构的指标体系,其中一级指标3项,二级指标10项。结论 初步构建了护理人员职业能力倾向测评体系。

     

关于卫生高级专业技术人员评价核心指标的调查

????? 目的 调查医务人员对卫生高级专业技术人员评价的看法,归纳考核要素,为医院卫生系列高级专业技术职务聘任工作提供重要的参考依据。方法 通过文献检索法,对目前国内外卫生高级专业技术人员评价的现状和经验进行了分析和总结,初步确定核心考核指标,对医院中级及以上的卫生专业技术人员进行分层随机抽样调查,从中筛选出敏感性好、代表性强的关键指标,使用SPSS17.0统计软件对数据进行了处理、计算与分析。结果 主观、客观评价比较合理的权重各为50%。主观评价以科室考核、同行评议、医院考核形式进行,权重分别为40%、31%和29%;客观指标的权重均值为医疗58%、教学21%、科研21%。结论 卫生系列高级专业技术人员的考核评价应体现全面、综合、突出重点。

     

On the origin of the Hirudinea and the demise of the Oligochaeta

The phylogenetic relationships of the Clitellata were investigated with a data set of published and new complete 18S rRNA gene sequences of 51 species representing 41 families. Sequences were aligned on the basis of a secondary structure model and analysed with maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood. In contrast to the latter method, parsimony did not recover the monophyly of Clitellata. However, a close scrutiny of the data suggested a spurious attraction between some polychaetes and clitellates. As a rule, molecular trees are closely aligned with morphology-based phylogenies. Acanthobdellida and Euhirudinea were reconciled in their traditional Hirudinea clade and were included in the Oligochaeta with the Branchiobdellida via the Lumbriculidae as a possible link between the two assemblages. While the 18S gene yielded a meaningful historical signal for determining relationships within clitellates, the exact position of Hirudinea and Branchiobdellida within oligochaetes remained unresolved. The lack of phylogenetic signal is interpreted as evidence for a rapid radiation of these taxa. The placement of Clitellata within the Polychaeta remained unresolved. The biological reality of polytomies within annelids is suggested and supports the hypothesis of an extremely ancient radiation of polychaetes and emergence of clitellates.     

On the ontogeny of the haptor and the evolution of the Monogenea

Data on the ontogeny of the posterior haptor of monogeneans were obtained from more than 150 publications and summarised. These data were plotted into diagrams showing evolutionary capacity levels based on the theory of a progressive evolution of marginal hooks, anchors and other attachment components of the posterior haptor in the Monogenea (Malmberg, 1986). 5 + 5 unhinged marginal hooks are assumed to be the most primitive monogenean haptoral condition. Thus the diagrams were founded on a 5 + 5 unhinged marginal hook evolutionary capacity level, and the evolutionary capacity levels of anchors and other haptoral attachement components were arranged according to haptoral ontogenetical sequences. In the final plotting diagram data on hosts, type of spermatozoa, oncomiracidial ciliation, sensilla pattern and protonephridial systems were also included. In this way a number of correlations were revealed. Thus, for example, the number of 5 + 5 marginal hooks correlates with the most primitive monogenean type of spermatozoon and with few sensillae, many ciliated cells and a simple protonephridial system in the oncomiracidium. On the basis of the reviewed data it is concluded that the ancient monogeneans with 5 + 5 unhinged marginal hooks were divided into two main lines, one retaining unhinged marginal hooks and the other evolving hinged marginal hooks. Both main lines have recent representatives at different marginal hook evolutionary capacity levels, i.e. monogeneans retaining a haptor with only marginal hooks. For the main line with hinged marginal hooks the name Articulon-choinea n. subclass is proposed. Members with 8 + 8 hinged marginal hooks only are here called Proanchorea n. superord. Monogeneans with unhinged marginal hooks only are here called Ananchorea n. superord. and three new families are erected for its recent members: Anonchohapteridae n. fam., Acolpentronidae n. fam. and Anacanthoridae n. fam. (with 7 + 7, 8 + 8 and 9 + 9 unhinged marginal hooks, respectively). Except for the families of Articulonchoinea (e.g. Acanthocotylidae, Gyrodactylidae, Tetraonchoididae) Bychowsky's (1957) division of the Monogenea into the Oligonchoinea and Polyonchoinea fits the proposed scheme, i.e. monogeneans with unhinged marginal hooks form one old group, the Oligonchoinea, which have 5 + 5 unhinged marginal hooks, and the other group form the Polyonchoinea, which (with the exception of the Hexabothriidae) has a greater number (7 + 7, 8 + 8 or 9 + 9) of unhinged marginal hooks. It is proposed that both these names, Oligonchoinea (sensu mihi) and Polyonchoinea (sensu mihi), will be retained on one side and Articulonchoinea placed on the other side, which reflects the early monogenean evolution. Except for the members of Ananchorea [Polyonchoinea], all members of the Oligonchoinea and Polyonchoinea have anchors, which imply that they are further evolved, i.e. have passed the 5 + 5 marginal hook evolutionary capacity level (Malmberg, 1986). There are two main types of anchors in the Monogenea: haptoral anchors, with anlages appearing in the haptor, and peduncular anchors, with anlages in the peduncle. There are two types of haptoral anchors: peripheral haptoral anchors, ontogenetically the oldest, and central haptoral anchors. Peduncular anchors, in turn, are ontogenetically younger than peripheral haptoral anchors. There may be two pairs of peduncular anchors: medial peduncular anchors, ontogentically the oldest, and lateral peduncular anchors. Only peduncular (not haptoral) anchors have anchor bars. Monogeneans with haptoral anchors are here called Mediohaptanchorea n. superord. and Laterohaptanchorea n. superord. or haptanchoreans. All oligonchoineans and the oldest polyonchoineans are haptanchoreans. Certain members of Calceostomatidae [Polyonchoinea] are the only monogeneans with both (peripheral) haptoral and peduncular anchors (one pair). These monogeneans are here called Mixanchorea n. superord. Polyonchoineans with peduncular anchors and unhinged marginal hooks are here called the Pedunculanchorea n. superord. The most primitive pedunculanchoreans have only one pair of peduncular anchors with an anchor bar, while the most advanced have both medial and lateral peduncular anchors; each pair having an anchor bar. Certain families of the Articulonchoinea, the Anchorea n. superord., also have peduncular anchors (parallel evolution): only one family, the Sundanonchidae n. fam., has both medial and lateral peduncular anchors, each anchor pair with an anchor bar. Evolutionary lines from different monogenean evolutionary capacity levels are discussed and a new system of classification for the Monogenea is proposed.In agreeing to publish this article, I recognise that its contents are controversial and contrary to generally accepted views on monogenean systematics and evolution. I have anticipated a reaction to the article by inviting senior workers in the field to comment upon it: their views will be reported in a future issue of this journal. EditorIn agreeing to publish this article, I recognise that its contents are controversial and contrary to generally accepted views on monogenean systematics and evolution. I have anticipated a reaction to the article by inviting senior workers in the field to comment upon it: their views will be reported in a future issue of this journal. Editor