林下草果人工栽培技术

草果是多年生的林下经济作物,草果栽培不仅能充分利用森林资源,促进地方益经济发展,保持生态平衡,特别是天然林禁止采伐后,林农急需解决林下资源开发,增加林农收入。为探索林下草果栽培,中心于2013年承担了林下草果人工栽培试验,历经三年的栽培试验,已基本了解林下草果的生长规律、生长需求,并积累了林下草果人工栽培技术,现将相关的栽培技术(基地的选择与布局、林下人工栽培技术、田间抚育管理、病虫害、产品采收与加工)介绍如下,以供广大种植户参考。     

卧龙自然保护区野生绞股蓝的资源分布调查

通过对四川卧龙国家级自然保护区内的16条样线共180个样方进行野生绞股蓝资源的分布调查,采集到野生绞股蓝分布点位81个,集中分布在海拔1 600~1 900 m的山坡、林下、草丛及沟边等生境中,物种丰富度为50.67%,种群密度为28 438株/公顷,生长状况良好率为68.75%,运用GIS地理信息系统软件对GPS相关信息进行分析,得到野生绞股蓝分布的点位图及卧龙野生绞股蓝的潜在分布图,为引导当地居民合理开发利用绞股蓝资源提供了科学的依据。     

绞股蓝的繁殖方法

绞股蓝属(Gynostemma)植物为葫芦科的一类多年生落叶草质藤本,全世界约13种,我国有11种。近几年来对绞股蓝(G.Pentaphyllum)的研究表明,它是一种含有人参皂甙的多功效药用植物,被人们誉称为“南方人参”。野生状态的绞股蓝生长缓慢,茎、叶产量低、结籽很少。为了充分利用这一新的人参皂甙资源植物,提高它的产量和质量,近三年来,我们对鄂北山区野生绞股蓝进行了多次引种试验,发现它很容易人工栽培繁殖,即使种植在不大的花钵里,藤蔓也可长到3-4米,7月初     

不同地区绞股蓝中几种生化成分动态特征

1　引　　言绞股蓝(Ｇｙｎｏｓｔｅｍｍａｐｅｎｔａｐｈｙｌｌｕｍ)是一种重要的中药材,全草入药,具有较高的经济价值[4].1986年被列为“星火计划”以来,已从资源调查、药理、栽培抚育、收储加工、开发利用、生态等方面对此进行了大量研究[8].但有关气候因子对绞股蓝生化...     

恩施州绞股蓝属植物及绞股蓝类型调查

经调查恩施自治州有绞股蓝属植物 2亚属 2组 1 1种 ,主要生长于海拔 80 0～ 1 2 0 0m的林缘或疏林下或灌丛内的荫湿环境中。绞股蓝种内以叶片味道和复叶的小叶数为主要依据可划分为 6个性状相对稳定的类型 ,其中七叶甜味绞股蓝和五叶甜味绞股蓝的药用价值及营养价值更高 ,口感更好 ,开发利用前景广阔     

广西绞股蓝属的生态分布及资源利用

本文报道了广西绞股蓝属的种类调查研究概况,并分析了广西绞股蓝属的生态条件和地理分布,为绞股蓝属的资源开发利用提供参考。本属在广西有5种,即广西绞股蓝、扁果绞股蓝、光叶绞股蓝、长梗绞股蓝。     

宣黄连的生态学特征和栽培研究

宣黄连特指主产安徽的短萼黄连,宣黄连系安徽历史名药,由于长期的采集,资源已经极度枯竭。本文报道了宣黄连的生态学特征和栽培研究,研究表明,野生宣黄连种群主要分布在安徽皖南山区,有林下类型和溪边类型两种,其中以林下类型为主。对宣黄连的栽培结果表明,宣黄连最适宜在皖南山区生长,应建立种质苗圃以保护和繁育宣黄连。     

广西绞股蓝属的生态分布及资源利用

本文报道了广西绞股蓝属的种类调查研究概况,并分析了广西纹股蓝属的生态条件和地理分布,为绞股蓝属的资源开发利用提供参考。本属在广西有5种,即广西绞股蓝、扁果绞股蓝、光叶绞股蓝、长梗绞股蓝。     

广东肇庆地区金线莲低海拔林下栽培研究

为探索林下栽培金线莲[Anoectochilus roxburghii(Wall.)Lindl.]的方法,以肇庆广东星湖国家湿地公园核心区为基地,对低海拔(21~23 m)栽培金线莲的生长特性进行研究。结果表明,金线莲栽培地建议选择郁闭度约为65%的常绿阔叶林下。以原土壤+泥炭土(1∶1,V/V)为建畦基质,选择地上茎长≥4.16 cm,茎粗≥0.176 cm的Ⅰ级金线莲组培苗,在温度为18.3℃~24.5℃,湿度为84%~87%的3-4月份种植,成活率可达83.3%~86.7%,栽培120 d后植株地上茎长和单株鲜重分别增加了3.33 cm与0.71 g。5月份温湿度上升,金线莲栽培成活率显著下降(70.3%),且虫害高发。合理的林下栽培技术有助于开发利用和保护金线莲种质资源。     

遮荫条件下绞股蓝光合作用特点的研究

在夏季遮荫条件下栽培绞股蓝的净光合速率日变化呈现不典型的双峰曲线,第1峰值出现在11：00时,达13．8μmolCO2·m^-2·S^-1日净光合速率达到176．97μmol CO2·m^-2,是强光下栽培的3．1倍;净光合速率和光量子通量密度呈正相关,相对湿度对净光合速率的影响小．强光下栽培绞股蓝。光合作用“午休”现象明显,净光合速率日变化呈现双峰曲线,第1峰值出现在10：00时,为3．0μmol CO2·m^-2·s^-1．第2峰值出现在14：00时,为1．25μmol CO2·m^-2·s^-1;相对湿度与净光合速率成正相关,对净光合速率的影响大．当光量子通量超过700μmol·m^-2·s^-1时,净光合速率与光量子通量密度呈负相关．在影响该植物蒸腾速率的诸多因子中,蒸腾速率和气孔导度之间的相关性最为显著．因此绞股蓝属于高度耐荫而怕光的植物．人工栽培应重点考虑光照因子．     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细