光照对深海热液喷口周围可培养微生物的生长影响

研究采用析因实验设计,探讨了光照和培养温度对深海热液喷口周围可培养微生物生长繁殖的影响。样品培养10天后。对培养液中蛔菌量进行显微计数,实验数据用SFSS11．0统计软件中的方差分析程序进行处理。统计结果显示：在标准大气压下,在33℃、50℃和65℃三个实验温度中,当温度为33℃时,光照培养液中细茼浓度约为暗培养液中的3．5倍;而在50℃和65℃的培养液中其细菌浓度均比暗培养液中的要低。研究结果为进一步荻取、认识与开发利用深海喷口周围细菌贵源打下了基础。     

光照周期对大草履虫种群变化的影响

为探究光照周期对大草履虫种群变化的影响,以光照周期为变量,将实验样本按24L/0D、0L/24D、12L/12D及6L/18D的光照周期分为4组进行培养。培养条件为温度25℃,光照强度4 800 lx,先后使用稻草汁培养液和酵母培养液,分别在有限培养环境及食物充足的条件下进行实验。结果表明,在2种实验条件下,光照周期对环境容纳量都有极显著的影响(P0.01),其中全暗条件下环境容纳量最高,光周期对大草履虫种群增长率无显著影响(P0.05)。     

引起石榴枯萎病和甘薯黑斑病的甘薯长喙壳菌菌株生物学特性的比较研究

采用菌丝生长速率法对引起石榴枯萎病和甘薯黑斑病的甘薯长喙壳菌的形态特征,及其在不同培养基、光照、温度、pH值等基本培养条件下菌丝的生长速率等生物学特性的差异进行了比较研究。结果表明,在不同处理培养条件下,石榴枯萎病菌生长速度均快于甘薯黑斑病菌,其菌落形态存在较大差异。二者在甘薯葡萄糖培养基(SPDA)上生长速率最快。在黑暗条件下的生长速率比12h光暗交替、光照处理显著增大。二者最适生长温度皆为25℃,石榴枯萎病菌菌丝生长温度范围为10-36℃,而甘薯黑斑病菌的菌丝生长温度范围为10-33℃。二者菌丝在pH4-12范围内均能生长,最适pH值为6。石榴枯萎病菌菌丝的致死温度为50℃处理10min或52℃处理5min,甘薯黑斑病菌菌丝的致死温度为48℃处理10min或50℃处理5min。二者在完全培养液中产孢量最大,菌丝生长速率随培养基中葡萄糖浓度的减小而增大。     

劳盆地深海热液喷口沉积物中细菌多样性研究

采用PCR-RFLP技术调查了劳盆地深海热液喷口两位点沉积物中的细菌多样性。结果表明, 在劳盆地深海热液喷口沉积物环境中细菌多样性十分丰富, 样品DY1中发现6个细菌类群, DY2中则存在4个细菌类群, 其中Gammaproteobacteria细菌亚群和Epsilonproteobacteria细菌亚群在两文库中均占据最大比例, 为沉积物样品中的优势菌群。另外, 在克隆文库中还发现了一些与数据库中的已知序列同源性较低的类群, 从而说明劳盆地深海热液喷口沉积物中存在特有的微生物种属。     

水杉组织培养过程中影响其黄酮类物质合成的因素

以水杉的带腋芽茎段和茎尖为外植体进行植物组织培养,采用正交实验设计,通过设置不同的光照、温度和蔗糖浓度探究对其生长过程中黄酮类物质积累的影响。统计结果表明,光照时间对水杉总黄酮积累量的影响最大,其次是培养温度,蔗糖浓度对积累效果影响最小,各因素对黄酮类物质合成效果影响都是极显著的。得到黄酮积累量最高的培养条件是:蓝光光照时间8 h/d、培养温度20℃、蔗糖浓度50 g/L。     

温度升高对高光强环境下蛋白核小球藻(Chlolorella pyrenoidosa)光能利用和生长的阻抑效应

以蛋白核小球藻（Cholorella pyrenoidosa）为实验材料,研究了温度变化对不同光照水平下蛋白核小球藻的光能利用和生长的影响,以明确光照强度对微藻的光能利用和生长的影响是否因温度不同而发生变化。实验中共设置了3个光照强度水平（50,150,300μmol·m^-2s^-1）和2个温度水平（15℃,25℃）。实验结果表明,不同光照水平下小球藻叶绿素荧光的非光化学淬灭（NPQ）大小与温度有关,光照强度为150,300μmol·m^-2s^-1时,温度升高使小球藻叶绿素荧光NPQ提高,并且光照强度越高小球藻叶绿素荧光NPQ增大越多,50μmol·m^-2s^-1光照强度下温度升高对叶绿素荧光NPQ没有影响。实验发现,25℃培养温度下小球藻的光合电子传递速率（ETR）随光照强度增高而上升的速率要低于15℃时小球藻ETR上升的速率;随着光照强度增高,温度升高使小球藻ETR降低程度增大。实验结果还表明,15℃时小球藻培养液叶绿素a浓度随光照强度升高而增高,300μmol·m^-2s^-1培养光强下具有最高的叶绿素a浓度。但在25℃时,光照强度升高叶绿素a浓度并不一定增高,300μmol·m^-2s^-1光照强度下的叶绿素a浓度比150μmol·m^-2s^-1光照强度下要低。本研究表明,温度升高增大了高光照水平下蛋白核小球藻对光能的热耗散,使光照增强对小球藻生长的促进作用减弱。由于温度升高对小球藻光能利用和生长的阻抑作用,小球藻生长的适宜光照水平因温度升高而降低。     

山玉兰花粉离体萌发和花粉管生长特性的研究

山玉兰(Magnolia delavayi)是木兰科木兰属的常绿乔木或大型灌木,是重要的园林造景、庭院绿化素材,也是重要的育种资源。山玉兰花粉的研究对其杂交育种的成败具有重要影响,但目前尚未见其花粉活力的相关报道。该研究以新鲜的山玉兰花粉为对象,采用悬滴培养法分析了温度、光照以及培养液的蔗糖和硼酸浓度对山玉兰花粉萌发的影响。结果表明:(1)山玉兰花粉萌发时,最适宜的温度为27℃。(2)光暗条件下,山玉兰花粉以浓度为5%的蔗糖培养效果最佳,其萌发率在16%以上;而硼酸浓度则以0.001%的培养效果最佳。(3)蔗糖与硼酸共同作用可有效促进花粉萌发和花粉管生长。其中,在光照条件下,以5.0%蔗糖+0.001%硼酸为最适宜的培养液,花粉萌发率达41.27%,花粉管长达281.49μm;而在黑暗条件下,则以5.0%蔗糖+0.01%硼酸为最适宜的培养液,花粉萌发率达45.71%,花粉管长达254.00μm。该研究结果为进一步开展人工辅助授粉、发掘山玉兰的种质资源工作奠定了基础。     

鳗鲡肾脏细胞系的建立及其对鳗鲡疱疹病毒的敏感性

为开展鳗鲡病毒性疾病流行病学调查和病原生物学研究, 进行鳗鲡病毒的分离、培养和鉴定, 研究采用组织块培养法, 以欧洲鳗鲡肾脏组织为材料, 建立了欧洲鳗鲡肾脏细胞系(European eel kidney cell line, EEK), EEK形态呈类纤维状, 经过约12个月的培养, 已成功传至38代。通过对其培养液、血清浓度和培养温度等条件进行优化, 发现DMEM/F12、L15培养液均适合其正常生长和增殖, 而在MEM培养液中无法正常生长; 在5%—15%FBS(Fetal Bovine Serum)浓度范围内, 其生长速度随FBS浓度的升高而增快, 当FBS浓度高于20%或过低于5%时, 其生长速率有所减慢; 在22—27℃时生长良好, 但当温度低于17℃和高于32℃时细胞生长速度明显减慢。对EEK细胞进行鳗鲡疱疹病毒(Anguillid herpesvirus, AnHV)敏感性实验, 结果表明该细胞系对鳗鲡疱疹病毒敏感, 可产生明显的细胞病变。EEK的建立丰富了鱼类细胞系的种类, 为鳗鲡病毒性疾病诊断、病毒性病原学研究和病毒疫苗研制提供了重要实验材料。     

DNA重组技术：Ⅲ.重组质粒在大肠杆菌中的转化

氯化钙法是用质粒DNA转化细菌细胞,尤其是大肠杆菌细胞最常使用的方法。实验操作如下: (1) 将受体菌接种在平板培养基上划线,37℃过夜,进行活化。 (2) 挑选单菌落,接于5ml LB培养液,37℃震荡过夜。 (3) 从上述培养液中取0.5ml,转入50mlLB培养液,37期震荡培养2～4小时,到细菌密度大约为5×10~7/ml,OD_(575)约为0.8。     

臭椿种子萌发最适条件研究

采用不同浓度赤霉素(GA3)处理臭椿种子,在不同温度及不同光照条件下,研究了GA3、温度及光照对臭椿种子萌发的影响。结果表明,40 mg.L-1的GA3质量浓度、30℃温度以及自然光暗交替处理为臭椿种子萌发的最适条件,臭椿属于喜高温型种子。     

Characteristics of the membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius

Summary The membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius are investigated using thin section electron microscopy and freeze-fracture replicas. The plasma membrane is covered by a surface coat and is connected to the outer alveolar membrane by short, sometimes branched, bridges. The inner alveolar membrane is coated on both sides. The epiplasm lies in intimate contact with the cytoplasmic surface of this membrane, and there is a corresponding deposit on the other surface. This deposit is regularly striated.The epiplasmic layer and the alveoli are interrupted at sites of cytotic activity,e.g., the attachment sites of trichocysts, the cytoproct, and the parasomal sacs. The striated deposit ends where the epiplasm ends, indicating a direct relationship between these two epimembranous layers.There is a deposit along the sides of the first part of the tip of the trichocysts, and in this region the trichocyst membrane is free of intramembranous particles.The membrane of the parasomal sacs has a coat on both surfaces. That on the extraplasmic surface is similar to the surface coat of the plasma membrane. The origin of the cytoplasmic coat is unknown. The cytotic activity of these sacs is indicated by their highly irregular profiles.     

The early development of the tail and the transformation of the shape of the nucleus of the spermatid of the domestic fowl,Gallus gallus

Summary The differentiation of the spermatid, especially in reference to the formation of the flagellum, and transformation of the shape of the nucleus was investigated in the domestic fowl.In the early stage of the spermatid, a prominent Golgi apparatus appears around the centrioles. The Golgi vesicles then surround the axial-filament complex which develops from the distal centriole. These vesicles fuse to form continuous membrane at the earliest stage of flagellar formation, and in the succeeding stage Golgi lamellae are attached to the plasma membrane of the developing flagellum. From these observations, it is assumed that Golgi apparatus may be a source of the membrane system of the flagellum.The microtubules distributed around the nucleus form the circular manchette. The anterior region of the nucleus with the manchette is cylindrical in shape and the posterior region without it remains irregular in shape. When the circular manchette has been completed, the whole nucleus acquires a slender cylindrical shape. The circular manchette then changes into the longitudinal manchette. The nuclei of spermatids without a longitudinal manchette are abnormal in shape. In view of these observations it is assumed that the nuclear shaping of the spermatid may be accomplished by circular manchette and the maintenance of shape of the elongated nucleus by longitudinal manchette.The authors wish to thank Mr. Takayuki Mori for his helpful suggestions and technical advices     

Observations on the permeability of the choriocapillaris of the eye

Summary The choriocapillaris is a fenestrated capillary bed located posterior to the retinal pigment epithelium. It serves as the main source of supply to the photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium, and other cells of the outer retina. The permeability of these capillaries to intravenously injected ferritin (MW — approx. 480,000; mol. diam. 11 nm) was examined in the mouse, rabbit, and guinea pig, each of which is characterized by a different type of retinal vascularization. In all three species, the bulk of the ferritin remained in the capillary lumina, where it appeared to be blocked at the level of the diaphragmed fenestrae. Some ferritin was present in endothelial cell vacuoles. The results confirm previous work on the rat choriocapillaris and indicate that the barrier function of the choriocapillary endothelium is present even among species in which the retinal circulation differs significantly.Supported by NIH grant EY03418     

Separation of the pineal vesicle from the wall of the third ventricle during the post-hatching development of the chicken

Summary According to light- and electron-microscopic observations the pineal organ of the 3-day-old chicken consists of a prominent end vesicle and a tapering parenchymal stalk. During this stage the pineal lumen is in open communication with the third ventricle. However, in the 40-day-old chicken, which still possesses a well-developed end vesicle, the proximal portion of the pineal stalk displays regressive changes leading to local fragmentation. At this stage the pineal stalk is reduced, and the pineal lumen is missing. In 1-year-old chickens the parenchyma of the proximal portion of the stalk is further diminished, and in 3-year-old domestic fowl is completely displaced by bundles of collagenous fibers, only some nerve fibers being present. This post-hatching pineal development may reflect the sequence of changes leading from pineal sense organs to pineal glands.This work was supported by a grant-in-aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan