卤地菊乙醇提取物W40单体诱导GLC-82细胞凋亡的分子机制研究

目的:探讨卤地菊Wedelia prostrate(Hook.et Arn.)Hemsl.的乙醇提取物W40单体对非小细胞肺癌GLC-82细胞的抗肿瘤作用分子机制。方法:通过MTT和克隆形成抑制实验检测W40对非小细胞肺癌GLC-82细胞增殖的影响;通过细胞划痕实验检测W40对细胞迁移的影响;通过Annexin V-FITC/PI双染法检测W40对细胞凋亡的诱导;通过Western blotting分析细胞增殖和凋亡相关蛋白的水平。结果:MTT实验表明,W40对GLC-82细胞有较为明显的细胞毒作用;克隆形成抑制实验表明,W40可以显著抑制GLC-82细胞增殖,且抑制程度呈现浓度依赖效应;细胞划痕实验表明,W40能够在一定程度上抑制GLC-82细胞的迁移能力;Annexin V-FITC/PI双染的结果显示,随着药物浓度的增加,细胞凋亡率逐渐增加;Western blotting结果表明,随着药物浓度的增加,p-Stat3蛋白的表达水平下降,Stat3下游蛋白Bcl-2、Mcl-1的表达减少。同时,促凋亡蛋白Bax的表达增多,并伴随Caspase-9、Caspase-3活化及多聚ADP-核糖聚合酶PARP酶切失活;p-BRAF蛋白的表达水平下降,p-BRAF下游蛋白p-MEK、p-ERK表达减少。结论:W40通过抑制BRAF/MAPK/ERK及Stat3信号通路来诱导细胞凋亡。     

无花果叶超声提取物体外诱导肝癌HepG2细胞凋亡

为探讨新鲜无花果叶超声提取物(fig leaf extract,FLE)对体外培养的人肝癌细胞株HepG2增殖和凋亡的影响,用不同浓度FLE处理肝癌HepG2细胞.采用细胞形态学观察、细胞活力测定(MTT法)来评价FLE对HepG2细胞体外增殖的影响,应用凋亡相关蛋白caspase3和p53免疫组织化学法及流式细胞术的膜联蛋白V/碘化丙啶法(Annexin V/PI法)来检测细胞凋亡情况.形态学观察发现FLE处理24 h细胞出现明显凋亡,细胞增殖活力显著降低(P0.05或P0.01),流式细胞仪检测到FLE处理12 h所有剂量组细胞平均凋亡率均高于对照组(P0.05或P0.01),免疫组化结果显示caspase3表达增强(P0.05,P0.01),p53蛋白表达减弱(P0.05),以上作用效果呈现剂量依赖性.以上结果说明无花果叶提取物能够通过激活caspase3和p53诱导肝癌HepG2细胞凋亡从而抑制其体外的生长与增殖.     

通过细胞穿膜肽和皂苷增强一种核糖体失活蛋白抗肿瘤活性

将核糖体失活蛋白类鼻疽伯克霍尔德菌致死因子1(BLF1)与细胞穿膜肽(CPP)HBP融合表达并与商陆皂苷甲(EsA)联合使用,提高BLF1重组蛋白抑制肿瘤细胞生长的活性。通过原核表达及NI-NTA亲和层析纯化BLF1、BLF1-HBP融合蛋白,以HepG2、MCF-7、A549和HeLa细胞为检测模型,MTT法检测BLF1重组蛋白对肿瘤细胞的毒性,激光共聚焦显微镜观察重组蛋白进入细胞效率,流式细胞术分析抗肿瘤效应。结果显示,穿膜肽HBP可有效提高BLF1对HepG2、MCF-7、A549和HeLa四种肿瘤细胞的生长抑制作用,其中对HeLa细胞的药效增强效果最显著,可达47.5倍;皂苷EsA的使用进一步显著提高了BLF1-HBP对上述4种肿瘤细胞生长抑制活性,且对MCF-7细胞的IC50值从6 840 nmol/L降至0.57 nmol/L。激光共聚焦观察揭示EsA可有效促进BLF1重组蛋白进入肿瘤细胞效率,流式结果分析表明EsA可大大强化BLF1-HBP诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡的能力。将BLF1与穿膜肽HBP融合表达并在EsA存在下,可显著提升BLF1对肿瘤细胞的毒性,强化其诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡的能力。     

苦参碱对鼻咽癌细胞凋亡及凋亡相关基因p53的表达研究

目的：探讨苦参碱对体外培养的人鼻咽癌细胞增殖、凋亡及凋亡相关基因p53 mRNA和蛋白表达的影响,初步探讨苦参碱诱导人鼻咽癌细胞凋亡的可能机制。方法：采用MTT法检测不同浓度苦参碱（0、0.25、0.5、1、1.5、2 mg/ml）对CNE1、CNE2细胞增殖的影响;采用荧光定量PCR法检测这些浓度的苦参碱处理48 h后CNE2细胞p53 mRNA的变化;Western Blot检测其蛋白的变化情况。结果：MTT结果显示苦参碱具有抑制CNE1、CNE2细胞体外增殖作用,其抑制率存在浓度、时间依赖性。荧光定量PCR及Western Blot检测结果显示,苦参碱抑制CNE2细胞p53 mRNA和蛋白的表达,且亦呈浓度依赖性。结论：苦参碱抑制CNE2细胞的增殖,诱导细胞凋亡,呈现浓度、时间依赖性,其作用与抑制CNE2细胞中p53基因和蛋白的表达密切相关。     

苦参碱对鼻咽癌细胞凋亡及凋亡相关基因p53 的表达研究

目的：探讨苦参碱对体外培养的人鼻咽癌细胞增殖、凋亡及凋亡相关基因p53 mRNA 和蛋白表达的影响,初步探讨苦参碱 诱导人鼻咽癌细胞凋亡的可能机制。方法：采用MTT 法检测不同浓度苦参碱（0、0.25、0.5、1、1.5、2 mg/ml）对CNE1、CNE2 细胞增 殖的影响;采用荧光定量PCR 法检测这些浓度的苦参碱处理48 h后CNE2 细胞p53 mRNA的变化; Western Blot 检测其蛋白的 变化情况。结果：MTT结果显示苦参碱具有抑制CNE1、CNE2 细胞体外增殖作用,其抑制率存在浓度、时间依赖性。荧光定量 PCR及Western Blot 检测结果显示,苦参碱抑制CNE2细胞p53 mRNA 和蛋白的表达,且亦呈浓度依赖性。结论：苦参碱抑制 CNE2 细胞的增殖,诱导细胞凋亡,呈现浓度、时间依赖性,其作用与抑制CNE2 细胞中p53 基因和蛋白的表达密切相关。     

雷公藤红素抑制成人T细胞白血病细胞增殖及机制

本研究旨在分析雷公藤红素对成人T细胞白血病细胞增殖、凋亡的影响,并探讨其分子机制。使用不同浓度的雷公藤红素溶液处理多种成人T细胞白血病细胞株,通过四唑盐比色法(MTT)、克隆形成实验检测细胞的增殖情况;Annexin V/PI双染检测细胞凋亡情况;最后通过Western blotting及双荧光素酶报告基因技术探究雷公藤红素抑制成人T细胞白血病细胞生长的调控机制。结果表明雷公藤红素能显著抑制成人T细胞白血病细胞增殖并诱导其凋亡,随着雷公藤红素浓度的增加Bax/Bcl-2蛋白比率明显升高,凋亡途径中Caspase-3/7蛋白也随之被切割活化,同时病毒编码的癌蛋白Tax的表达也明显受到抑制。以上结果表明,雷公藤红素通过调控Bcl-2家族蛋白,激活了Caspase途径诱导细胞凋亡,并通过抑制病毒关键蛋白Tax的表达,从而有效抑制了成人T细胞白血病细胞的增殖。该研究为临床应用雷公藤红素治疗成人T细胞白血病提供了实验依据。     

复方木鸡冲剂诱导人白血病细胞HL-60凋亡机制研究

目的:探讨复方木鸡冲剂诱导人白血病细胞HL-60细胞凋亡的作用和机制,为相关中药开发提供实验资料.方法:用MTT法检测复方木鸡冲剂对HL-60细胞增殖活性的影响,光镜下观察细胞形态的变化;流式细胞仪(Annexin V/PI双染法)检测细胞凋亡,并分析细胞周期;免疫细胞化学法检测Bcl-2、caspase-3、p21WAF1的表达.结果:MTT法显示复方木鸡冲剂能抑制HL-60细胞的生长,细胞呈凋亡形态学变化.流式细胞仪检测结果为细胞凋亡率明显增高,出现GO/G1期阻滞.Bcl-2表达降低,caspase-3表达增高,p21WAF1表达强阳性.结论:复方木鸡冲剂明显抑制HL-60细胞的生长,其抗肿瘤的机制与诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡、促进细胞分化有关.     

重楼活性单体pp-10通过抑制PI3K/Akt通路诱导人胃癌细胞BGC-823凋亡和自噬

目的:探讨重楼/七叶一枝花(Paris polyphylla)的醇提物单体pp-10诱导人胃癌BGC-823细胞凋亡和自噬及其分子机制。方法:采用MTT法和克隆形成抑制实验观察不同浓度的重楼单体pp-10对人胃癌BGC-823细胞的增殖抑制作用;Hoechst33342染色法检测pp-10作用于人胃癌BGC-823细胞后细胞核形态的改变;Annexin V-FITC/PI双染法检测细胞凋亡;Western blotting检测重楼单体pp-10对细胞凋亡和自噬相关蛋白Caspase-3、Caspase-9、(ADP-核糖)聚合酶(PARP)、Bax、Bcl-2、LC3、P62以及PI3K/Akt信号通路相关蛋白(Akt、p-Akt、m TOR、p-m TOR、P70s6k、p-P70s6k)表达的影响。结果:重楼单体pp-10能显著抑制BGC-823细胞的生长,作用呈时间-效应关系及剂量-效应关系;克隆形成抑制实验表明随着pp-10浓度的增加,细胞克隆形成逐渐减少,与对照组相比有显著差异;在荧光显微镜下观察可见其细胞核固缩、边聚、裂解等细胞凋亡形态学变化;流式细胞术检测显示,随着作用药物浓度的增高,其凋亡率逐渐升高;Western blotting结果表明,随着药物浓度的增加,线粒体相关凋亡信号通路蛋白Caspase9、Caspase3及PARP均出现酶切活化条带,细胞促凋亡蛋白Bax的表达水平增加,抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2减少,自噬相关蛋白Ⅱ型LC3增加,P62蛋白减少,p-Akt蛋白的表达水平下降,Akt下游蛋白p-m Tor、p-p70S6K表达减少。结论:重楼单体pp-10通过抑制BGC-823细胞增殖,诱导细胞凋亡和自噬,与下调P13K/Akt信号通路有关。     

草果挥发油诱导鼻咽癌6-10B细胞凋亡的机制研究

研究草果挥发油对鼻咽癌6-10B细胞的增殖抑制作用及诱导其凋亡的机制。采用CCK-8法测定草果挥发油对6-10B细胞的增殖抑制效应;倒置显微成像法观察草果挥发油对6-10B细胞的形态改变;Annexin V/PI双染法检测草果挥发油对6-10B细胞的凋亡诱导效应;JC-1染色法检测草果挥发油诱导6-10B细胞的线粒体膜电位改变情况;Western blot检测草果挥发油对6-10B细胞凋亡相关蛋白表达水平的影响。结果显示,草果挥发油抑制6-10B细胞增殖,且呈剂量依赖性,其24 h的IC_(50)为0.14 mg/mL。形态学结果显示草果挥发油可诱导6-10B细胞呈典型的凋亡形态。Annexin V/PI双染和JC-1染色结果显示,草果挥发油诱导6-10B细胞凋亡并引起细胞线粒体膜电位(MMP)下降。Western blot结果表明,草果挥发油作用6-10B细胞24 h后线粒体途径促凋亡蛋白Bax和Bim表达升高,抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2和Bcl-xL表达降低。综上说明草果挥发油抑制鼻咽癌6-10B细胞增殖,线粒体凋亡途径可能参与了草果挥发油诱导的鼻咽癌细胞凋亡。     

白花地胆草单体EM-12诱导2774-C10细胞G_1/S期阻滞及细胞凋亡的分子机制研究

目的:研究白花地胆草(Elephantopus mollis H.B.K.)的乙醇提取物EM-12抗肿瘤作用分子机制。方法:MTT检测EM-12对卵巢癌细胞活性影响;克隆形成抑制实验检测EM-12对卵巢癌细胞增殖能力的影响;GO功能分析(gene ontology analysis)分析EM-12对卵巢癌2774-C10细胞的影响;PI单染检测细胞周期;Annexin V-FITC/PI双染法检测细胞凋亡;Western blotting检测细胞凋亡、周期相关蛋白。结果:MTT实验结果表明,EM-12可以显著抑制卵巢癌细胞的活性;RNASeq及GO功能分析表明EM-12诱导2774-C10发生G1/S期阻滞;克隆形成抑制实验结果表明,EM-12可以显著抑制卵巢癌细胞的增殖;流式细胞术结果表明,随着药物浓度的增加,凋亡率逐渐增加,并且G_1期细胞比例逐渐增加,S期细胞比例减少,发生G_1/S期阻滞。Western blotting结果表明,随着药物浓度的增加cyclin E_2、cyclin D_1、CDK2、CDK6蛋白水平下降,并伴随caspase-8、caspase-3活化及多聚ADP核糖聚合酶PARP酶切失活。结论:EM-12诱导卵巢癌细胞发生G_1/S期阻滞,且通过死亡受体通路诱导细胞凋亡。     

The Novel Fusion Proteins,GnRH-p53 and GnRHIII-p53, Expression and Their Anti-Tumor Effect

p53, one of the most well studied tumor suppressor factor, is responsible to a variety of damage owing to the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the tumor cells. More than 50% of human tumors contain mutation or deletion of p53. Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH), as the ligand of Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRH-R), was used to deliver p53 into tumor cells. The p53 fusion proteins GnRH-p53 and GnRH iii-p53 were expressed and their targeted anti-tumor effects were determined. GnRH mediates its fusion proteins transformation into cancer cells. The intracellular delivery of p53 fusion proteins exerted the inhibition of the growth of H1299 cells in vitro and the reduction of tumor volume in vivo. Their anti-tumor effect was functioned by the apoptosis and cell cycle arrest induced by p53. Hence, the fusion protein could be a novel protein drug for anti-tumor therapy.     

野生型P53、P16基因协同对肺腺癌细胞系生长抑制作用的研究

为了探讨野生型P53基因及P16基因在恶性肿瘤基因治疗中的作用,用腺病毒为载体将野生型P53基因转入高、低转移的肺腺癌细胞系Anip973、AGZY83-a和经野生型P16基因质粒转染的高、低转移肺腺癌细胞系Anip973（Anip973P16）、AGZY83-a（AGZY83-aP16）。对各组转染细胞进行生长曲线、MTT生长抑制率、原位末端标记、Western-blotting等技术检测分析。结果发现（1）野生型P53蛋白的过表达对上述肺腺癌细胞系均呈现出较强的生长抑制作用。（2）野生型P53蛋白的过表达对高转移肺癌细胞系Anip973的抑制作用明显高于低转移细胞系AGZY83-a。（3）野生型p53蛋白的过表达对经野生型P16基因转染的高、低转移的肺癌细胞Anip973、AGZY83-a抑制作用明显高于未经P16基因转染的细胞。野生型P53基因可以作为肺腺癌基因治疗的候选基因。肿瘤抑制基因P53、P16的联合转染可能是对肺腺癌进行基因治疗的有效手段。 Abstract：To investigate the suppression effect of tumor suppressor genes in lung adenocarcinoma cell lines,we transferred a pair of lung adenocarcinoma cell lines with different metastasis potential,Anip973(High-metastasis potential cell line) and AGZY83-a (Low-metastasis potential cell line)and this pair of cell lines transfected with P16 gene:AGZY83-a P16 and Anip973 P16 with wild type P53 gene with adenovirus vector.The suppression effects of P53 gene were evaluated by cell growth curve,MTT,western-blotting analysis and TUNEL technique.Overexpression of wild-type P53 gene in AGZY83-a,Anip973,Anip973 P16 and AGZY83-a P16 inhibited the growth of these four kinds of lung cancer cells and induced apoptosis of the cells.The suppression effect of P53 gene in Anip973 and Anip973 P16 was higher than AGZY83-a and AGZY83-a P16 while co-expression of P53 and　P16 in this pair of cell lines inhibited the cells more efficiently comparing with the expression of P53 alone.Wild-type P53 gene might act as a candidate gene in lung adenocarcinoma gene therapy while co-transfection of P53 and P16 genes was a more effective method.     

Adenoviral-mediated transfer of human wild-type p53, GM-CSF and B7-1 genes results in growth suppression and autologous anti-tumor cytotoxicity of multiple myeloma cells in vitro

Multiple myeloma (MM) remains incurable despite the use of high-dose chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation. However, immunotherapy is expected to offer long-term disease control, or even possibly a cure. We have previously demonstrated the suppressive effect of a recombinant adenovirus carrying human wild-type p53, granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and B7-1 genes (Ad-p53/GM-CSF/B7-1) on the growth of laryngeal cancer cells. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of an Ad-p53/GM-CSF/B7-1-modified myeloma cell vaccine strategy aimed to induce apoptosis and to augment the immunogenicity of MM cells. Both MM cell lines and purified primary myeloma cells were infected with Ad-p53/GM-CSF/B7-1. High expression levels of these three genes were confirmed separately by Western blot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and flow cytometry. When wild-type p53, GM-CSF and B7-1 genes were introduced, the growth of MM cells was inhibited via enhanced apoptosis and the immunogenicity of tumor cells was augmented. The combinatorial effect of these three genes on inducing cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) was more evident than that of p53 individually or any combinations of two (p53 plus GM-CSF or p53 plus B7-1). Furthermore, significant proliferation of autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) and specific cytotoxicity against autologous primary MM cells were induced in vitro. These results suggest that myeloma cell vaccination co-transferred with p53, GM-CSF and B7-1 genes may be a promising immunotherapeutic approach against MM.     

可溶性重组hTRAIL蛋白抑制U251细胞生长

肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体(TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand, TRAIL) 是TNF超家族中的成员,能够广泛诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡,对正常细胞无明显毒副作用. TRAIL已成为肿瘤治疗领域的研究热点.人脑胶质瘤是神经系统肿瘤中最常见类型, 占颅内肿瘤50%~60%,5年存活率为20%~30%. 本研究探讨可溶性TRAIL蛋白对人脑胶质瘤细胞（U251）的抑制作用. 由大肠杆菌表达系统表达的TRAIL多为包涵体,为获得可溶性的蛋白,将hTRAIL95~281功能区基因片段插入到pHisSUMO表达载体,经IPTG低温诱导表达,Ni-NTA Agarose纯化后获得可溶性SUMO-hTRAIL,经SUMO ProteaseⅠ切去SUMO融合标签后获得成熟可溶hTRAIL蛋白. 以U251细胞为靶细胞,通过MTT法检测TRAIL对肿瘤细胞的抑制作用.结果证明,TRAIL对U251细胞的抑制呈剂量依赖关系,最大抑制率为53.9%.流式细胞仪检测TRAIL诱导U251细胞凋亡实验中,对照组细胞存活率为92.2±0.8％,实验组细胞存活率为35.5±1.2%,证明重组蛋白具有生物学活性,并在体外能明显诱导U251肿瘤细胞发生死亡.本研究结果为TRAIL蛋白在临床上应用于肿瘤治疗奠定了基础.     

Ivermectin inhibits the growth of glioma cells by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in vitro and in vivo

Glioma, the most predominant primary malignant brain tumor, remains uncured due to the absence of effective treatments. Hence, it is imperative to develop successful therapeutic agents. This study aimed to explore the antitumor effects and mechanisms of ivermectin (IVM) in glioma cells in vitro and in vivo. The effects of IVM on cell viability, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis rate, and morphological characteristics were determined respectively by MTT assay/colony formation assay, flow cytometry, and transmission electron microscope. In addition, the expression levels of cycle-related and apoptosis-associated proteins were individually examined by Western blot analysis. Moreover, cell proliferation and apoptosis analyses were carried out by TUNEL, Ki-67, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved caspase-9 immunostaining assay. Our results demonstrated that IVM has a potential dosage-dependent inhibition effect on the apoptosis rate of glioma cells. Meanwhile, the results also revealed that IVM induced apoptosis by increasing caspase-3 and caspase-9 activity, upregulating the expressions of p53 and Bax, downregulating Bcl-2, activating cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9, and blocking cell cycle in G0/G1 phase by downregulating levels of CDK2, CDK4, CDK6, cyclin D1, and cyclin E. These findings suggest that IVM has an inhibition effect on the proliferation of glioma cells by triggering cell cycle arrest and inducing cell apoptosis in vitro and in vivo, and probably represents promising agent for treating glioma.     

p53基因及其功能研究进展

p53基因是一种肿瘤抑制基因,野生型p53对细胞周期和细胞凋亡起重要作用。其编码的蛋白P53相对分子质量为53×103,可刺激Cipt基因产生相对分子质量为21×103的蛋白,该蛋白可以抑制促使细胞通过细胞周期进入有丝分裂的酶的活性,进而抑制细胞生长表达而调控细胞生长,对于预防和治疗胆管癌、肝癌、胃癌等疾病有重要作用。我们在此简要阐述国内外对p53基因及其编码产物的结构、作用机制、检测、功能等方面的研究进展。     

淫羊藿苷促进宫颈癌TC-1细胞凋亡作用的研究

目的：研究淫羊藿苷体外对致宫颈癌TC-1细胞的增殖抑制及促凋亡作用。方法：利用细胞培养,用不同浓度的淫羊藿苷在一定的时间处理致宫颈癌TC-1细胞,光学显微镜直接观察药物对细胞的作用;MTT法检测淫羊藿苷对TC-1细胞的增殖抑制作用;Dapi核染色、Annexinv-FITC/PI流式细胞学检测细胞凋亡。结果：淫羊藿苷对TC-1细胞有显著的抑制作用,且呈时间、剂量依赖,20μg/ml作用72小时后,细胞抑制率达99%;DAPI核染色和流式细胞术检测可发现典型细胞凋亡特征。结论：淫羊藿苷对TC-1细胞增殖有抑制和促凋亡作用,并呈时间浓度依赖性。     

CD40-mediated apoptosis in murine B-lymphoma lines containing mutated p53

Crosslinking CD40 induces normal B-cells to proliferate and differentiate but causes many tumor cell lines to undergo apoptosis. As p53 is required for many apoptotic pathways, we analyzed the effects of CD40 ligation and their correlation with p53 function in four murine B-lymphoma lines. A20 and M12 cells showed complete growth inhibition and an increase in the proportion of apoptotic cells upon CD40 crosslinking, but WEHI 231 and WEHI 279 cells were unaffected. IkappaBalpha protein levels were reduced in all four lines in response to CD40 crosslinking, indicating that CD40 signaling was normal. NFkappaB activity was quantitated by reporter and gel shift assays and found to be equivalent in all four cell lines. P53 reporter constructs were activated in WEHI231 but not A20 or M12 cells, suggesting that p53 in the latter two cell lines may be mutated. These data are supported by the lack of detectable p21 mRNA in A20 and M12 cells. P21 mRNA was increased to detectable levels in M12 cells upon CD40 ligation; however, blocking this effect with the p53 inhibitor pifithrin had no effect on CD40-mediated apoptosis. Sequencing showed that p53 in A20 and M12 cells contained point mutations leading to amino acid substitutions in DNA binding regions, but was unmutated in WEHI231 and WEHI 279. These results suggest that CD40-mediated apoptosis can occur in the absence of functional p53.