天津八仙山自然保护区狍春季的卧息地利用

2007年春季,在天津八仙山自然保护区对狍卧息地利用进行了研究。共发现52个狍的卧息地,同时设置93个对照地。资源选择指数结果表明,狍偏好阔叶林,利用中上坡位,喜欢阳坡和半阴半阳坡,选择水源距离适中,偏爱远离人为干扰的卧息地。逐步判别分析结果显示,灌木盖度、隐蔽度、灌木高度、郁闭度、灌木距离和坡度是判别卧息地和对照地的关键因子,即为影响其卧息地利用的主要因子,判别正确率为98．1％。作为生性胆怯易惊的偶蹄类,具有隐蔽条件较好[灌木盖度适中（转换后为16．77±1．07。）、隐蔽度高（29．54±1．47m）、灌木高度稍高（1．22±0．05m）]的地点是狍适宜的卧息地,以逃避捕食者;与此同时,卧息地较舒适[郁闭度低（转换后为5．48±0．31°）、灌木距离较远（2．99±0．13m）、坡度小（2．11±0．09°）],以利于怀孕母狍呼吸与活动,反映其繁殖期生理需求。     

香菇多糖提取分离的研究

采用DEAE—cellulose柱层析和Sephadex G-200柱层析从香菇子实体热水浸提的粗多糖中分离出两个多糖组分Lenl—A、Len2-A,经旋光度法、Sepharose 4B柱层析、红外光谱等方法检测确定为均一多糖组分,且均为α-构型的吡喃糖,苯酚硫酸法测得其糖质量分数分别为91．5％和92．3％,旋光度为＋5．6°、＋11．2°,相对分子质量为375×10^3、718×10^3。     

河南省鸟类新纪录——震旦鸦雀、红胸黑雁

2006年1月1日15：00时左右,在河南黄河湿地自然保护区孟津老城黄河高速桥东约50m（34°51′6″N,112°38′8″E）黄河南岸的芦苇丛中,发现5只震旦鸦雀（Parsdoxornis heudei）。     

云南东部蚱属一新种记述（直翅目：蚱总科：蚱科）

记述采自云南东部地区蚱属1新种,即南盘江蚱Tetrix nanpanfiangensis,sp．nov．。该新种近似于桂北蚱Tetrix guibeiensis Zheng,Lu and Li,2000,主要区别为本新种：1）侧观头顶与颜面隆起成直角形;2）颜面隆起在侧单眼处略凹陷;3）前胸背板前缘平直：4）侧观背板上缘肩前弧形,其后平直;5）肩部不具1对短纵隆线;6）第1跗节下之第3垫大于第1、2垫。新种与丁氏蚱Tetrix tinkhami Zheng et Liang,1998也近似,但新种后翅不到达后突的顶端,中足股节宽度明显狭于前翅宽。 正模：♂,云南陆良县,25．1°N,103．8°E,2000m,2006-Ⅷ-10,邓维安采;副模：3♂♂,9♀♀,同正模;3♂♂,3♀♀,云南沾益县,25．6°N,103．8°E,2000m,2006-Ⅷ-12,邓维安采：4♂♂,4♀♀,云南宣威市,26．2°N,104．1°E,2000m,2006-Ⅷ-14,邓维安采。 模式标本保存在陕西师范大学动物研究所标本室（7♂♂10♀♀）和河池学院动物标本室（3♂♂7♀♀）。     

东海近海浮游多毛类数量分布与环境关系

根据2002--2003年在东海近海28°00′N-32°00′N、122°00′N-123°30′E4个季节的海洋调查,探讨了东海近海浮游多毛类总丰度和种类变化的季节特征以及这些变化与水团的关系、优势种的数量变动和对多毛类的贡献和优势种的环境适应等,并与东海外海多毛类的生态特征做了比较。结果表明：该海域浮游多毛类总丰度具有明显的季节变化;夏季平均丰度最高（1．30ind·m^-3）,分布范围最广,春季平均丰度最低（0．04ind·m^-3）;调查共发现15种浮游多毛类,盲蚕（Typhloscolex muelleri）、明蚕（Vanadis sp．）和泳蚕（Plotohelmis capitata）是优势种,其中盲蚕是四季的优势种,夏季和冬季的优势度较高分别为0．16和0．1,明蚕仅是夏季的优势种,泳蚕仅是秋季的优势种;盲蚕在春、冬季贡献率较高,分别为1和0．94,占绝对优势,更适应暖水广盐的环境;东海近海浮游多毛类具有种类数变化大,种类组成多样的特点;不同季节数量变化较大,平面分布格局各不相同。     

三氧化二砷脂质体透过载瘤大鼠血脑屏障的实验研究

目的：观察三氧化二砷（As2O3）脂质体通过载瘤大鼠血脑屏障（BBB）的效果。方法：超声薄膜分散法制备三氧化二砷脂质体,建立药物标准曲线,检测包封率;立体定向技术建立C6／Wistar大鼠脑胶质瘤模型;取Wistar雄性载瘤大鼠84只,随机分为三氧化二砷脂质体组和三氧化二砷组,分别经静脉注射三氧化二砷脂质体和三氧化二砷注射液,给药后0．5h、1h、2h、4h、8h、16h、24h取大鼠脑组织冻存,应用双道原子荧光法检测载瘤大鼠脑组织中的砷含量。结果：制备稳定的三氧化二砷脂质体,包封率分别为92、2％,92．2％,92．3％;As2O3脂质体组及As2O3给药后7个时间点鼠脑组织中砷含量（μg／L）分别为：341．09±18．18,523、98±27．36,475．19±15、52,467.02±22．46,471．52±24．38,382.30±13．26,282．47±19．71;99.93±17.10,148.07±26、21,101.78±17．54,89．09±19．41,74.39±13．85,50．44±15.31,51．52±19．23。比较给三氧化二砷组及给三氧化二砷脂质体组载瘤大鼠脑组织中砷含量有显著差异（P〈0．05）。结论：三氧化二砷脂质体对血脑屏障的透过性明显优于单纯砷剂。     

自然造就的神奇之地

神农架因为华夏始祖炎帝神农氏在这里搭架采药而得名，它位于湖北省的西北部，如一叶翡翠镶嵌在华中大地，是长江和汉水的分水岭，也是秦岭和大巴山的交汇地。它地跨东经109°56’-110°58：北纬31°15’-31°75：总面积3253km^2，辖4镇4乡、1个林业管理局（国家森林公园）和1个国家级自然保护区，     

Diurnal course of photochemical activity of winter-adapted Scots pine at subzero temperatures

The photochemical activity of native Central Siberian Scots pine trees (Pinus sylvestris L) was estimated from the middle of February to the middle of March 2001. We measured chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence in attached intact needles from trees located approx. 30 km west of the Yenisey river (60°44′N, 89°09′E) near the village of Zotino. In this period, the air temperature varied between −39 °C and +7 °C. At temperatures below −10 °C, P. sylvestris needles did not exhibit any variable Chl fluorescence during the daylight period. During the night, however, the effective quantum yield of photosystem 2 (PS2) photochemistry, Φ₂ [Φ₂ = (F_m′ − F_t)/F_m′), increased from values near zero to values between 0.05 and 0.20 depending on the needle temperature and sample investigated. The increase started soon after dusk and lasted for 3–6 h depending on the temperature. A faster increase of Φ₂ was found for temperatures around −16 °C, and lower rates occurred at lower temperatures. Irrespective of the temperature, Φ₂ decreased rapidly to near zero values at dawn, when the photosynthetic photon flux density increased to about 1–5 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹, and remained near zero throughout the day. At temperatures higher than −10 °C, the diurnal decrease and the nocturnal increase of Φ₂ were less distinct or disappeared completely. Hence the winter-adapted Scots pine maintains some photochemical activity of PS2 even at extremely cold temperatures. The capacity of photochemical reactions below −10 °C is, however, very limited and PS2 photochemistry is saturated by an extremely low irradiance (less than 5 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹).     

汶川大地震灾害对区域生态系统的影响——以青川、平武和茂县为例

利用Landsat—TM／CBERS遥感数据和1：25万高程数据,分析汶川特大地震灾害前、后土地利用／土地覆被变化。为了研究地震对区域生态系统的影响,定量对比分析了重灾区青川、平武和茂县主要土地利用／土地覆被的特征,计算不同坡度和坡向影响下土地利用／土地覆被类型变化。得出以下结果：（1）地震后造成区域内有林地、草地和耕地面积减少;疏林地面积增加。有林地、草地和耕地分别减少了92．09、46．98km^2和30．81km^2;疏林地增加了98．81km^2。（2）研究区自然和耕地生态系统受地震影响明显。通过对3县自然和农田生态系统分析,青川林地、草地和耕地生态影响最严重;平武和茂县也存在不同程度影响。（3）在不同的坡度下,土地利用／土地覆被类型在〉35°坡度段受地震影响面积变化最大,依次是0～8°、15～25°、8～15°和25～35°坡段。这与震后诱发的崩塌、滑坡、水土流失等次生灾害,促使大量覆被携带山体、岩石整体或局部的、不规则的运动有关。在不同坡向下,土地利用／土地覆被类型在半阴坡坡向受地震影响面积变化最大,其次是半阳坡、阴坡和阳坡;这与区域内不同坡向上的土地利用／土地覆被类型优势度相关。     

橡胶树HbCBF1蛋白的原核表达及其CRT结合活性分析(简报)

巴西橡胶树（Hevea brasiliensis）,是大戟科橡胶树属植物．原产于巴西亚马逊河流域,是典型的热带高大乔木．所生产的橡胶是天然橡胶的重要来源。在我国．橡胶树栽培区主要分布在北纬18°到24°．冬季常常遭到寒潮和冷空气的侵袭。30多年来的植胶历史证明．寒害是我国植胶区较为严重的自然灾害．是影响我国橡胶栽培的主要自然灾害之一。对橡胶树进行低温、抗寒生理研究,明确橡胶树的低温反应和抗寒机制．在理论和实践上都有重要意义。     

东、黄海水团动态与夏季休渔效果间的关系

用聚类分析法分析了2003年6月-2005年6月东、黄海水团的分布,并讨论了水团动态变化与夏季休渔效果间的关系。结果表明,6月表层水团主要包括东海表层水团、黄海水团、黄-东海混合水团和沿岸冲淡水,底层水团主要包括东海次表层水团、黄海冷水团和黄海水团。另外,各水团的分布面积存在年间差异。夏季休渔期间,中上层鱼类资源和底层鱼类资源的恢复速度均在2005年最快,在2003年最慢。9月东、黄海中上层鱼类的主要作业渔场在28°00′-32°30′N,125°30′E以西海域,该海域表层主要受东海表层水团所控制;底层鱼类的主要作业渔场在29°30′-33°00′N,127°00′E以西海域,该海域底层主要受东海次表层水团所控制。6月较强的东海表层水团有利于中上层鱼类资源的恢复;较强的东海次表层水团有利于底层鱼类资源的恢复,而较强的黄海冷水团不利于底层鱼类资源的恢复。     

箭毒蛙——美丽迷人的“丛林杀手”

威德尔海是南极洲最大的边缘海，也是地球上最大的边缘海。它位于南极半岛同科茨地之间，最南端达南纬83°，北达南纬70°至77°。宽度在550千米以上，面积约289万平方千米。威德尔海还是最著名的深海，海盆深4500-4700米，最深的海沟能到海拔以下8428米。1823年英国探险家威德尔首先到达这里，这个海因此得名。     

磁共振波谱评价脑缺血大鼠海马神经元损伤的实验研究

目的：应用磁共振波谱（MRS）观察大鼠大脑中动脉缺血（MCAO）再灌流后海马的迟发性神经元死亡,评价N-乙酰天门冬氨酸（NAA）能否准确反映神经元的损伤程度。方法：Wistar大鼠16只MCAO1h后再灌流及假手术对照组10只,6周后分别进行MRS和病理学的对比观察,根据海马的形态、及免疫组化结果对比分析磁共振波谱中NAA的对应性变化。结果：MCAO再灌流组大鼠缺血同侧海马的NAA、Cr及NAA／Cr的比值显著低于对侧和对照组,平均为2．05±0．33、2．42±0.41和0．86±0．10（对侧3．45±0．58、3．10±0．93、1．18±0．32;对照组3．42±0．43、3．57±0．47、0．98±0．14）。NAA下降的水平不能与病理显示海马叫区神经元的脱失完全对应。结论：通过磁共振波谱的NAA显示MCAO再灌流后海马的迟发性神经元死亡。但神经元的丢失程度与NAA存在不完全对应性,这种变化可能与反应性星形胶质细胞增生密切相关.     

Oxygen consumption by ammocoetes of the lampreyGeotria australis in air

 When covered by moistened lint-free gauze, the larvae (ammocoetes) of the lamprey Geotria australis survived, without apparent discomfort, for 4 days in water-saturated air at 10, 15 and 20 °C. In air, the mean standard rates of O₂ consumption of medium to large ammocoetes of G. australis (xˉ=0.52 g) at 10, 15 and 20 °C were 14.5, 35.7 and 52.1 μl⋅g^-1⋅h^-1, respectively. At 15 °C, the slope of the relationship between log O₂ consumption (μl O₂⋅h^-1) and log body weight for ammocoetes over a wide range in body weight was 0.987. The Q ₁₀s for rate of O₂ consumption between 10 and 15 °C, 15 and 20 °C and 10 and 20 °C were 4.9, 2.9 and 3.6, respectively. Our results and observations of the ammocoetes suggest that, when out of water, larval G. australis derives most of its O₂ requirements from cutaneous respiration, particularly at lower temperatures. This would be facilitated by the small size and elongate shape (and thus a relatively high surface-to-volume ratio), low metabolic rate, thin dermis, extensive subdermal capillary network and high haemoglobin concentration of larval G. australis. Accepted: 28 March 1996     

猪尾鼠的分类,分布与分化

本文对猪尾鼠（Ｔｙｐｈｌｏｍｐｓｃｉｎｅｒｅｕｓ）的亚种分化、分布和亚种间的相互关系作了研究。它被划分为５个亚种．其中,分布于长江流域中上游一带的猪尾鼠为一新亚种（大娄山亚种,Ｔ．ｃ．ｄａｌｏｕｓｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓ）,以脑颅较隆突、眶间较窄、鼻骨后缘止于颌额缝之前为其特征;广西珠江以南的猪尾鼠为另一新亚种（广西亚种,Ｔ．ｃ．ｇｕａｎｇｘｉｅｎｓｉｓ）,以腹面污黄色,脑颅高隆而宽阔为其特征。通过对２２个可数性状和测量性状的聚类分析,结果表明：５个亚种可分为两组,其中,越南北部的沙巴亚种和广西南部的广西亚种为一组,性状相对特化;长江流域的大娄山亚种、云南的景东亚种和华东地区的指名亚种为另一组,性状相对原始。后一亚种组小,大娄山亚种和景东亚种有较多的相似性,关系比较密切,指名亚种保有较多的原始特征。猪尾鼠起源于更新世早期,起源地可能是华南大陆。现今的猪尾鼠在我国长江流域及其以南地区的分布几乎是连续的,向北可分布到秦岭南坡和甘肃南部,向酉到滇中哀牢山。江河的阻隔和地带性环境气候的差异和变化可能是导致猪尾鼠亚种分化的主要原因。     

白顶鹀(Emberiza stewarti)——中国鸟类新纪录

白顶鹀(Emberiza stewarti)为中亚特有物种,比较罕见。2013年5月12日,喀什地区观鸟爱好者与户外摄影人在新疆乌恰县境内膘尔托阔依乡(39°20'N和75°05'E,海拔2 100 m)帕米尔东麓拍摄到一只雄性白顶鹀照片,经过查阅文献,确认是中国鸟类新纪录。     

Effects of active and passive hyperthermia on heat shock protein 70 (HSP70)

Summary. The purpose of this study was to delineate the effects of hyperthermia and physical exercise on the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) response in circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Six healthy, young (age: 24 ± 3 yrs), moderately trained males (VO_2max: 48.9 ± 2.7 ml · kg · min⁻¹) undertook two experimental trials in a randomised fashion in which the core temperature (T _c) was increased and then maintained at 39 °C during a 90 min bout by either active (AH) or passive (PH) means. AH involved subjects cycling at 90% of their lactate threshold in attire designed to impede heat loss mechanisms. In the PH trial, subjects were immersed up to the neck in a hot bath (40.2 ± 0.4 °C), once the critical T _c was achieved, intermittent cycling and water immersions were prescribed for the AH and PH conditions, respectively, to maintain the T _c at 39 °C. HSP70 was measured intracellularly pre, post and 4 h after trials, from circulating PBMCs using an ELISA technique. T _c reached 39 °C quicker in PH than during AH trials (PH: 21 ± 4 min vs. AH: 39 ± 6 min; P < 0.01), thereafter T _c was maintained around 39 °C (PH: 39.1 ± 0.2 °C; AH: 38.8 ± 0.3 °C; P > 0.05). AH induced a marked leukocytosis in all sub-sets (P < 0.05). PH generated significant monocytosis and granulocytosis (P < 0.05), without changes in lymphocyte counts (P > 0.05). There were no significant increases in intracellular HSP70 at 0 h (AH: Δ − 21.1 ± 44.8; PH: Δ + 12.5 ± 32.4 ng/mg TP/10³/μl PBMCs; P > 0.05) and 4 h (AH: Δ − 30.0 ± 40.1; PH: Δ + 36.3 ± 70.4 ng/mg TP/10³/μl PBMCs; P > 0.05) post active and passive heating. Peak HSP70 expressed as a fold-change from rest was also not increased by AH (1.1 ± 0.9; P > 0.05) or PH (3.2 ± 4.8; P > 0.05). There were no significant differences between the AH and PH trials at any time-point, and the HSP70 response appeared to be individual specific. These results did not allow us to delineate the effects of hyperthermia and other exercise associated stressors on the heat shock response and therefore further work is warranted. Authors’ address: Ric Lovell, Department of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, U.K.     

中国新记录属——带小卷蛾属分类研究（鳞翅目：卷蛾科）

本研究首次发现带小卷蛾属Metacosma在我国分布,记述了采自安徽、湖南和贵州的2新种：三角带小卷蛾Metacosma triangulata,sp．nov．和梯形带小卷蛾Metacosma trapezia,sp．nov．。文中给出了新种的成虫及雄性外生殖器照片,编制了本属分种检索表。研究标本保存在南歼大学生命科学学院昆虫标本室。 1．三角带小卷蛾Metacosma triangulata,新种（图1,3） 翅展10．0mm。 正模：♂,安徽岳两（30．52&#176;N,116．22&#176;E）温泉,1995-Ⅷ-05,胡祥富采,玻片号ZAH04002。 本种与M.impolitana Kuznetsov相似,区别是：本种雄性外生殖器爪形突大,三角形,抱器端对称;而Mimpolitana Kuznetsov爪形突小,乳突状,抱器端不对称（左侧具5根粗刺,右侧6根）。 2．梯形带小卷蛾Metacosma trapezia,新种（图2,4） 翅展11．0mm。 正模：♂,湖南石门（27．34&#176;N,110．01&#176;E）壶瓶山南坪,504m,2002-Ⅴ-04,于海丽采,玻片号YHL0246。副模：1♂,贵州省道真县仙女洞,600m,2004-Ⅷ-17,肖云丽采;1♂,贵州江口黑湾,600m,2001-Ⅶ-27,李后魂,王新谱采。 本种与Mimpolitana Kuznetsov相似,区别是：本种爪形突梯形,抱器端对称;而坛impolitana Kuznetsov爪形突小,乳突状,抱器端不对称（左侧具5根粗刺,右侧6根）。本种与三角带小卷蛾Metacosma triangulata,sp．nov．的区别主要在爪形突形状上,本种爪形突为梯形,后者为三角形。     

Effects of light,temperature and salinity on the growth rate of harmful marine diatoms,Chaetoceros convolutus and C. concavicornis that kill netpen salmon

Chaetoceros convolutus and C. concavicornis have been implicated in the death of salmon in netpens in the Pacific Northwest by damaging the salmon's gills. To better understand how environmental factors affect the distribution of these two species, the interacting effects of light, temperature and salinity on growth rate were examined by growing these species under a range of temperatures (4–18 °C), light (10–175 μmol photon m⁻² s⁻¹) and salinities (10–30‰). For C. convolutus, the growth rate showed a hyperbolic relationship with irradiance at 8, 14 and 18 °C and light saturation occurred at 9, 14 and 20 μmol photon m^t s⁻¹ respectively. At 4 °C for C. convolutus and 8 °C for C. concavicornis, cells grew at μ_max, even at the lowest irradiances tested (10 μmol photon m⁻² s⁻¹). For C. convolutus, the amount of light required to saturate growth rate increased with temperature in an approximately linear fashion. The Q₁₀ was 1.88, calculated by averaging over both species. C. concavicornis was the more euryhaline species growing at salinities as low as 17.5‰, while C. convolutus grew only at 25‰ and above.     

基于核型和分子系统学方法对中国猪尾鼠分类与分布的讨论

猪尾鼠属（Typhlomys）是啮齿类中的孑遗类群,片段化分布于我国南方和越南最北部的山地森林。前期我们基于形态和分子系统学的方法将猪尾鼠属现生类群划分为4个物种。但该分类系统仍存在争议和有待于解决的问题：一方面,有学者对大娄山猪尾鼠等是否应属于种级分类单元抱有疑问;另一方面,秦岭、南岭和广西周边的猪尾鼠种群的分类地位仍未有定论。因此,本研究采用核型分析以及分子系统学分析的方法,对我国猪尾鼠的分类及分布进行进一步梳理。本研究首次报道了中华猪尾鼠和大娄山猪尾鼠的G带核型和Ag-NORs的数目和分布,其中中华猪尾鼠2n=36,核型为14(M, SM) + 20 (A),XY (SM, A),Ag-NORs 6个;大娄山猪尾鼠2n=56,核型为2 (SM) + 52 (A),XX (SM, SM ),Ag-NORs 4个。上述核型与已报道的沙巴猪尾鼠核型（2n=38）存在显著差异,支持上述类群均为独立物种。基于线粒体Cyt b,ND2和COⅠ基因的进化关系分析,秦岭种群应属于大娄山猪尾鼠、南岭种群应属于中华猪尾鼠。而来自红河以东的云南南部的种群以及贵州南部的种群情况复杂,暗示云南、贵州和广西的喀斯特地区可能还存在未知的分类单元。