地震灾害对四川省区域生态系统危害及损失评价

地震是自然灾害中最为严重的一种,其带来的生态破坏灾难巨大,区域生态系统损害估算是目前研究中的难点问题之一。对我国西部地震的生态损失特点进行了研究,系统总结国内外地震灾害的生态系统损失评估成果,提出了西部地震生态损失评估模型：Eq=Ep＋ERC＋ERL,利用指数分析法和机会成本法等构建了地震研究的基本计算模型和理论,提出用地震生态损失量和地震生态损失灾害度相结合的办法来研究具体区域生态系统的地震灾害损失。利用模型计算,四川省在本次地震中森林碳汇储备能力每年损失78．1万t,损失价值2．5×10^8元,森林释放氧气能力降低67．38万t,损失价值2．7×10^8元。直接生态系统损失（％）647．58×10^8元,生态系统恢复费用（ERC）1158．31×10^8元,全省森林生态系统生态服务价值损失达1055．88×10^8元,综合生态损失在3527．31×10^8元,灾度0．38,属于明显灾害破坏。灾害损失和灾害度的快速评估对于指导灾后生态系统重建工作和生态系统工程的防灾都具有重要的积极作用。     

盐胁迫下西伯利亚蓼6个时期混合叶cDNA文库的构建和初步分析

以3％NaHCO3胁迫处理西伯利亚蓼2h、6h、12h、1d、2d和3d共6个时期混合叶为材料,提取总RNA。根据Stratagene公司cDNA建库试剂盒构建了西伯利亚蓼混合叶cDNA文库。原始文库滴度为2．0×10^6pfu·mL^-1,扩增后文库滴度为4．5×10^9pfu·mL^-1,重组率为95．9％,插入片段大小在0．3—1．5kb之间,平均长度为0．45kb左右。经测序获得2575个EST序列,拼接出1977个假定独立转录本（TUTs）,其中文库中含有大量低丰度表达基因,约占TUTs总数的89．58％。BlastX分析表明,1977个TUTs中共有720个TUTs有明确功能注释,其中参与胁迫过程中代谢、能量、光合作用和蛋白合成基因表达量较高,而涉及转录、信号转导、细胞防御和救援基因表达量较低。     

高效液相色谱法测定妇炎康分散片中原儿茶醛的含量

目的：建立测定妇炎康分散片中原儿茶醛含量的HPLC法。方法：使用ODS—C18柱,在流动相为甲醇-乙腈-水-冰乙酸（5：10：85：1）,检测波长为280nm,柱温为30℃的条件下,对妇炎康分散片中原儿茶醛的含量进行测定。结果：原儿茶醛在0．029-0．176mg·mL^-1。内质量浓度与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,线性回归方程为A=1．87×10^5C-90,r=0,9999,平均回收率为100．1％（RSD=0．48％）结论：该法准确度高、专属性好,可用于妇炎康分散片的含量测定。     

新型奶牛乳房炎多联苗的研制及免疫力试验

目的：筛选出毒力较强的金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、无乳链球菌作为制苗菌株,制成多联菌苗,预防及治疗奶牛乳房炎。方法：通过菌株的分离、纯化、鉴定试验及毒力试验获得毒力较强的菌株,制成金黄色葡萄球菌类毒素及菌体蛋白、大肠杆菌和无乳链球菌灭活菌苗,合理配伍制成多联菌苗,进行安全、异常毒性及免疫力试验。结果：所选金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、无乳链球菌的最小致死量分别是3．0×10^8／ml、1．5×10^8／ml、9．0×10^8／ml,多联苗安全、异常毒性试验合格,对免疫组小白鼠保护率为83．3％。结论：该多联菌苗具有安全、无毒、高效的特点,可以用来预防及治疗奶牛乳房炎。     

Ad-GFP-nm23-H1裸鼠体内抑制人恶性黑色素瘤A375作用的研究

目的探讨Ad—GFP—nm23-H1对人恶性黑素瘤裸鼠皮下移植瘤的抑制作用,从而为后期nm23-H1基因和腺病毒载体用于人恶性黑色素瘤及其它肿瘤的基因治疗提供一定的理论和方法。方法在裸鼠真皮下建立人A375细胞黑色素瘤动物模型后,设对照组及10^9 PFU／ml、10^10 PFU／ml的Ad—GFP—nm23-H1干预组。经Ad—GFP—nm23-H1干预治疗后,取瘤体称重,计算抑瘤率,通过光镜进行瘤组织病理形态学观察。结果对照组及10^9 PFU／ml、10^10 PFU／ml的Ad—GFP-nm23-H1干预组的平均肿瘤体积和瘤重分别为：1．4129±0．4832mm^3、1．1914±0．3304mm^3、0．75±0．2548mm^3和1．924±0．539g、1．655±0．5754g、1．195±0．2639g。与另两组比较,10^10 PFU／ml的Ad．GFP—nm23-H1干预组对A375具有明显的抑制作用。结论10^10 PFU／ml的Ad—GFP—nm23-H1干预组对裸鼠移植A375实体瘤有明显的抑制作用。     

蝴蝶兰原生质体提取方法的优化

以蝴蝶兰自交品种NOⅡ的无菌苗叶片为试材,采用单因素试验和正交试验,比较不同酶的种类、酶液浓度、材料和酶液的比例、渗透压、酶解时间及纯化条件对原生质体产量和活性的影响,并用荧光显微镜观察去壁情况。结果表明：在同一种条件下1g蝴蝶兰叶片加入10mL酶解液中,酶解液含1．0％纤维素酶R-10,1．0％果胶酶,0．5mol·L^-1甘露醇,酶解3h,有活力的原生质体产量最高,其产量为1．3×10^5个·g^-1,活性迭81．90％。     

兴安落叶松(Larix gmelini)幼中龄林的生物量与碳汇功能

兴安落叶松是我国的主要用材林,由于传统上对木材的长期依赖,使得其资源受到破坏,年龄结构发生改变,成过熟的原始林日渐减少,绝大部分是次生的幼中龄林。因此,研究其幼中龄林的生物量及碳汇功能很重要。森林生物量与森林生态系统的固碳能力密切相关,生物量与碳储量的多少直接影响到森林生态系统的功能,因而生物量与碳储量问题成为不同尺度生态学研究的热点。以我国大兴安岭兴安落叶松林为研究对象,通过样地调查,并结合我国森林资源清查资料对内蒙古大兴安岭地区兴安落叶松林的幼中龄林的生物量转换因子（BEF）、生物量及碳储量、碳密度、碳汇功能等进行了估算。通过实测数据及模型分析,得出以下基本结论：研究对象的BEF在0．4557与0．6988之间变动,平均值为0．5332。干、皮、枝、叶各组分生物量的分配比为：68．74：14．86：10．54：5．86。分别树干、树皮、枝、叶等组分,对其生物量与蓄积量的关系进行了拟合,建立了多组分生物量蓄积量的相关模型,分别是：干：y=0．4683x-11．291;皮：y=0．0472x＋3．5674;枝：y=0．0415x＋1．6787;叶：y=0．0197x＋1．3405,均有很好的线性关系。地上生物量随蓄积量的增加而增加,其线性关系为：B=0．5767V-4．7042。利用近期清查数据,按材积源生物量法推算总生物量为9．49×10^7t,按0．5097的含碳率计算,得出兴安落叶松林幼中龄林总的碳储量为4．84×10^7t,碳密度为19．616t／hm^2。通过两期数据对比分析,5a间所研究林分的碳储量增加0．89×10^7t,碳密度增加0．404t／hm^2,说明其发挥着一定的碳汇作用。尽管近年来大兴安岭兴安落叶松林表现出了明显的碳汇功能,但整体上碳固定能力还不强,碳密度低于我国平均森林碳密度。应通过科学经营,挖掘潜力,使大兴安岭地区的森林生态系统在全球碳循环中发挥更大的作用。     

人血液血管细胞生成素的胎肝免疫印记检测

目的：制备一种新蛋白——人血液血管细胞生成素（hemangiopoietin,HAPO）的单克隆抗体,检测其在胎肝中的表达。方法：杂交瘤方法制备抗HAP0的单克隆抗体;非竞争酶联免疫吸附实验测定抗体的相对亲和力;蛋白G亲和层析纯化腹水中的抗体,免疫印记方法检测胎肝中天然HAPO的表达：结果：所获单抗分别为IgG1及IgM,其轻链均为κ。三株IgG1亚类单抗的相对亲和力分别为3．06×10^9mol／L,6．07×10^8mol／L和1．71×10^10 mol／L。亲和纯化后抗体的纯度达99％以上：胎肝中在蛋白水平上可以检测到HAP0的表达,天然HAPO的分子量接近于重组HAPO的分子量。结论：人胚胎肝组织中在蛋白水平上可以检测到HAPO的表达.     

离子束注入阿魏菇生物效应及诱变育种方法

目的：考察离子束注入阿魏菇的生物效应,探索大型真菌阿魏菇的离子束诱变育种简易方法。方法：分别采用能量5keV～30keV、剂量1．5×10^15cm～～1．5×10^16cm。的N＋束注入青河野生阿魏菇ACK的分生孢子和菌丝单细胞,镜检,洗脱初筛,转接复筛。结果：离子束注入对阿魏菇分生孢子及菌丝单细胞刻蚀作用明显,细胞存活率能量、剂量效应显著;获得了一种梯次注入、营养缺陷性或目标性状高通量定性初筛和目标性状定量复筛的离子束诱变育种方法。结论：该方法可操作性强,是一种简便易行适用于大型真菌的诱变育种方法。     

蛹虫草原生质体紫外诱变选育胞外多糖高产菌株

蛹虫草是重要的药食兼用两用真菌,具有较高的医用及经济价值。本文通过单因素和正交试验的方法研究了不同酶系统、酶解温度、酶解时间、渗透压稳定剂、菌龄对蛹虫草原生质体形成的影响,并对蛹虫草原生质体进行紫外诱变,以生物量和胞外多糖产量为指标选育胞外多糖高产菌株。结果表明：在30℃、1％溶壁酶＋0．5％蜗牛酶＋0．5％纤维素酶条件下,以甘露醇为渗透压稳定剂对4日龄蛹虫草菌丝酶解2h,原生质体产量可达到9．2×10^6个/mL。从150株诱变株中筛选出1株最佳正诱变株,编号为44#,经深层培养其生物量比出发菌株提高10％,胞外多糖产量提高84．3％,继代培养10代后,遗传稳定性良好。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.