甲基对硫磷水解酶的酿酒酵母表面展示及在甲基对硫磷降解中的应用

PCR扩增假单胞菌WBC-3的甲基对硫磷水解酶基因,插入表面展示质粒pYD1的多克隆位点,构建pYD1-MPH重组质粒。重组质粒转化酿酒酵母EBY100,2%半乳糖诱导甲基对硫磷水解酶表达,并利用免疫荧光检测甲基对硫磷水解酶在酿酒酵母细胞表面的表达展示。研究了表面展示甲基对硫磷水解酶的酶学性质和酵母工程菌对水体中甲基对硫磷的降解效果。结果表明成功构建具有全细胞甲基对硫磷水解酶催化活性的酵母工程菌,经2%半乳糖诱导48 h,表面展示甲基对硫磷水解酶比酶活力为18.2 U/mg细胞干重。表面展示甲基对硫磷水解酶的最适作用pH为9.5,最适作用温度为30℃,在p H4.0-10.5之间和45℃以下稳定性较好,Mn2+、Co2+、Zn2+、Ca2+、Hg2+、K+、Ni2+对表面展示甲基对硫磷水解酶活性有激活作用,Na+、Fe3+、Ag+对展示酶活力有抑制作用。工程菌在1 h内对淡水中20 mg/L的甲基对硫磷的降解率在80%以上。     

甲基对硫磷水解酶的重组表达及其纯化和性质研究

用PCR方法获得甲基对硫磷水解酶编码基因,构建了重组表达质粒pET29a_mpd,将其转化至Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)中,经IPTG诱导表达,得到C末端含有6个寡聚组氨酸的甲基对硫磷水解酶,用NiNTA亲和层析纯化得到具有活性的甲基对硫磷水解酶。测定了环境因素对酶活性的影响及酶动力学参数。甲基对硫磷水解酶水解甲基对硫磷时,最适pH86～8.8,最佳反应温度15℃;Mn2+、Zn2+、Cu2+可使酶活性增加15%～20%,Ca2+、Mg2+微弱地促进酶的作用,Ni2+对酶活性几乎无影响;1mmol/L EDTA·Na2+几乎不影响酶的活性,而10mmol/L EDTA·Na2+对甲基对硫磷水解酶有较强的抑制作用。甲基对硫磷水解酶水解乙基对硫磷时,最适pH86。25℃时,该酶对甲基对硫磷的米氏常数Km为（68.6 ± 5.1）μmol/L,kcat为（45 ± 6 ）S-1;对乙基对硫磷的米氏常数Km为（59.5 ± 6.0）μmol/L,kcat为（8 ± 1） S-1。Kcat/Km表明甲基对硫磷水解酶对甲基对硫磷的催化效率更高。     

基质金属蛋白酶2抑制剂的筛选及鉴定

以原核表达的具有明胶水解活性的人基质金属蛋白酶 2的催化区 (MCD)为靶标 ,筛选噬菌体随机环七肽库和十二肽库 .找到 6种与MCD特异结合的小肽 ,将 6种小肽基因分别与GST表达质粒重组 ,进行GST融合表达 ,制备融合蛋白 .采用Glutathione Sepharose 4B亲和层析法纯化融合蛋白 ,通过酶抑制实验、体外侵袭实验检测融合蛋白的活性 .结果表明 ,GST C71能够抑制MCD水解 β酪蛋白的活性 ,并且对人纤维肉瘤细胞HT10 80的体外侵袭有明显的抑制作用     

异源表达的幽门螺杆菌cag4蛋白有溶菌糖基转移酶活性

摘要【目的】构建融合基因原核表达载体pET-28a- cag4,并表达重组融合蛋白cag4,分析重组融合蛋白的酶活性,为新型抗生素（或是抗菌药物）的研发提供作用靶位。【方法】本研究利用PCR技术从幽门螺杆菌NCTC11637中克隆了cag4基因;经T-A克隆,酶切鉴定,构建了原核表达载体pET-28a- cag4;经测序鉴定正确后,转化进入大肠埃希菌 BL21(DE3)进行异源表达。利用IPTG体外诱导后,经SDS-PAGE和Western Bolt鉴定目的蛋白表达后,采用Ni2＋-NTA柱在变性条件下纯化目的蛋白,并对重组蛋白进行透析复性处理。将SDS煮沸法获得的溶壁微球菌肽聚糖掺入SDS-PAGE作为底物,进行酶谱分析。【结果】在大肠埃希菌 BL21(DE3)中获得高效表达的重组蛋白; 经SDS-PAGE和Western Bolt鉴定表达后,采用Ni2＋-NTA柱在变性条件下纯化,并进行透析复性处理。将SDS煮沸法获得的溶壁微球菌肽聚糖掺入SDS-PAGE作为底物,进行酶谱分析,表明目的蛋白具有明显的肽聚糖水解活性; 通过监测浊度下降速率,比较其在不同pH条件下活性的变化,即?A/（min?mg protein）,结果表明,幽门螺杆菌cag4蛋白具有溶菌糖基转移酶活性。【结论】幽门螺杆菌cag4蛋白具有溶菌糖基转移酶活性。     

重组枯草芽孢杆菌分泌表达缺陷假单胞菌磷酸三酯酶及其发酵优化

磷酸三酯酶(phosphotriesterase, PTE, EC3.1.8.1)能够水解有机磷化合物,但其应用一直受限于酶表达量低的问题.为了获得高效表达的有机磷水解酶,本文构建了PTE基因来源于缺陷假单胞菌(Pseudomonas diminuta)的重组枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis WB600),并采用单因素实验和正交实验对培养基进行优化,确定了重组菌产酶的最佳发酵条件,同时检测重组酶对有机磷类化合物的降解作用.结果表明,最优的培养基组成为蔗糖(40 g/L)、酵母膏(40 g/L)、蛋白胨(20 g/L)、磷酸氢二钾(2 g/L)、硫酸锰(1 g/L)、硫酸镁(6 g/L).经测定,该酶4 h内对(5 mg/mL的甲基对硫磷、乐果以及神经毒剂模拟剂甲基磷酸二甲酯(dimethyl methyl phosphonate, DMMP)的降解率分别达到98%, 92%, 73%,且DMMP在12 h内也完全降解.本文实现了PTE的胞外分泌表达,为研制有机磷化合物的酶基消毒剂提供了技术支持.     

海栖热袍菌极耐高温木聚糖酶基因xynB64在大肠杆菌中的融合表达

来源于极端嗜热菌海栖热袍菌(Thermotoga maritima MSB8)的木聚糖酶B具有极高的热稳定性,在饲料、造纸、能源和食品医药行业具有巨大应用潜力。携带酶基因xynB64的pET28a(+)重组载体在宿主大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中诱导表达,重组酶活力较低。更换宿主为携带稀有tRNA基因的大肠杆菌:BL21-CodonPlus(DE3)-RIPL和Rosetta(DE3)后,酶活力分别提高了197%和277%,但是后者中的表达会形成部分包涵体。宿主菌为大肠杆菌Rosetta(DE3),更换载体为4种融合表达载体pET32a(+)、pET42a(+)、pET43.1a(+)和pMAL-c2X进行表达,重组酶分别融合了Trx、GST、Nus和MBP标签。其中Rosetta(DE3)/pMAL-c2X-xynB64表达酶活力最高,相当于Rosetta(DE3)/pET28a-xynB64表达酶的88%,而且目的酶表达量占全细胞蛋白的40%,几乎不形成包涵体。     

重组Humicola insolens角质酶的高密度发酵优化 *

在采用前期已构建的重组菌E.coli BL21(DE3)/pET20b(+)-hic进行高密度发酵制备角质酶时发现,在高诱导强度发酵时,菌体浓度下降明显。同时,通过测定纯化重组角质酶的磷脂水解活性,考察验证了重组酶对宿主细胞的损伤作用。重组酶的磷脂酰乙醇胺活性为9.8U/mg(NPB水解比活力为1 047.6 U/mg),在卵黄平板出现了明显的反应圈现象。在此基础上尝试了高菌体浓度结合高诱导强度的发酵策略,以进一步提高重组酶在3L罐中的表达水平。优化后的最佳条件及结果为:OD₆₀₀为75时,恒速流加0.8g/(L ·h)的乳糖溶液,发酵24h后,酶活达到最大值4 788.0U/ml,约为摇瓶发酵酶活的28倍,与OD₆₀₀为50时、流加0.2 g/(L ·h)进行诱导的发酵策略(酶活2 233.0 U/ml)相比,提高幅度约为114.0%,发酵时间缩短40.0%。     

嗜热地芽胞杆菌(Geobacillus kaustophilus)DY115普鲁兰酶基因的克隆、表达和酶学性质

采用基因工程方法对嗜热地芽胞杆菌(Geobacillus kaustophilus)DY115的普鲁兰酶基因pulA在大肠杆菌中进行了克隆表达。该基因ORF全长为2 157bp,编码718个氨基酸。重组PulA在大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)BL21(DE3)中能够有效表达,经Ni-Sepharose亲和层析获得纯化的重组PulA蛋白。PulA最适作用温度为70℃,最适pH为8.0,在65℃和碱性条件下具有良好的热稳定性;K~+和Mn~(2+)对PulA活性有明显促进作用,Cu~(2+)和Zn~(2+)则强烈抑制PulA活性;PulA对普鲁兰糖水解能力最强,且其水解支链淀粉和糯米淀粉的能力明显高于直链淀粉;PulA可水解普鲁兰糖的α-(1,6)糖苷键生成麦芽三糖,属于I型普鲁兰酶。这是首次对来源于地芽胞杆菌属(Geobacillus)的高温碱性普鲁兰酶进行报道,由于PulA具有较好的水解淀粉支链的能力,因此其在淀粉加工业以及洗涤业上应用前景良好。     

Solitalea canadensis源β-N-乙酰氨基己糖苷酶的基因克隆、异源表达和酶学特性

【目的】对细菌Solitalea canadensis中编码β-N-乙酰氨基己糖苷酶的基因进行克隆,通过原核表达获得重组β-N-乙酰氨基己糖苷酶,并研究其酶学性质。【方法】以Solitalea canadensis基因组DNA为模板,使用加尾PCR的方法克隆编码β-N-乙酰氨基己糖苷酶的基因,构建含有组氨酸标签的重组表达载体,并将重组质粒导入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中进行原核表达。重组蛋白经Ni-NTA纯化,以对硝基苯酚-β-乙酰氨基葡萄糖(pNP-β-Glc NAc)为底物研究其酶学性质,包括最适温度、最适p H以及金属离子和抑制剂的影响。【结果】从菌株Solitalea canadensis克隆得到了β-N-乙酰氨基己糖苷酶基因片段(Gene Bank:WP_014682183.1),全长2586 bp,重组表达所得蛋白表观分子量约为97 k Da,最适pH 6.0,最适温度42°C,但不稳定,半衰期小于5 min。该酶对十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)敏感,活性受Triton X-100和尿素的抑制。此外二糖分子也能不同程度地抑制该重组酶的活性,特异性抑制剂PugNAc(O-(2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranosylideneamino)N-phenylcarbamate)对该酶的IC_(50)为2μmol/L。该重组酶蛋白除能水解对硝基苯酚-β-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷和对硝基苯酚-β-乙酰氨基半乳糖(pNP-β-GalNAc)外,还能对O-链聚糖核心结构Core Ⅱ末端的乙酰氨基葡萄糖进行水解。【结论】本文首次从Solitalea canadensis中克隆得到能水解末端β1-6连接的乙酰氨基葡萄糖而不能水解β1-4连接键的β-N-乙酰氨基己糖苷酶,并对其进行了酶学性质研究和底物特异性分析,为开发高效特异性强的糖链分析工具酶提供理论基础。     

人细胞核dUTPase的克隆表达及其酶学活性

以阿尔茨海默病 (Alzheimer’sdisease ,AD)患者脑cDNA文库质粒为模板 ,用PCR方法扩增得到人细胞核dUTP焦磷酸酶 (dUTPase)的cDNA ,将其克隆到谷胱甘肽 S 转移酶 (GST)融合表达载体pGEX 4T 1中 ,并在大肠杆菌BL2 1中获得高效表达 .表达的融合蛋白GST dUTPase经过谷胱甘肽 Sepharose 4B亲和层析 ,凝血酶酶切和SephacrylS 10 0纯化 ,得到高纯度dUTPase蛋白 .通过SDS PAGE ,氨基酸组成分析 ,N端氨基酸序列测定以及HPLC测Mr 结果与期望值一致 .通过检测该酶水解dUTP释放的焦磷酸 (PPi)来测定表达产物dUTPase蛋白及GST dUTPase融合蛋白的酶活性 ,发现两蛋白都具有正常的酶水解dUTP活性 ,但融合蛋白的活性比dUTPase蛋白低 7～ 8倍 .同时研究了Mg2 +和EDTA对酶活性的影响     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。