细胞内AhR信号转导通路的机制研究

芳香族化合物受体((Aryl hydrocarbon receptor,AhR)是一个属于碱性螺旋-环-螺旋(basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH))Per-Arnt-Sim同源域(Per-Arnt-Sim homology domain(PAS))家族的转录因子.在外界环境激素2,3,7,8-四氯-二苯并-对-二恶英(2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin,2,3,7,8-TCDD)的刺激下,AhR从细胞质中转运入细胞核中,与另一个蛋白AhR核转运蛋白(AhR nuclear transportor,ARNT)合,形成异二聚体,结合在下游靶基因上,使相应基因,如细胞色素(cytochrome P4501A1/cytochrome P450 1B1,CYP1A1/CYP1B1)等异常表达,从而干扰动物的内分泌,引起免疫毒性,甚至导致癌症的发生.AhR的激活过程,涉及多种蛋白修饰的变化,如磷酸化、泛素化等,这些修饰调控了蛋白的定位、活性、稳定性等.AhR信号转导通路,与其他的很多通路,如E2-ER,MAPK通路等相互交义.本文旨在描述细胞内AhR通路的激活过程,功能,以及与其他通路之间相互的调控作用,以期为TCDD引发的相关疾病的预防和治疗提供思路.     

有机污染物二氯二苯三氯乙烷、三丁基锡和2，3，7，8-四氯二苯并二嗯英暴露下的四膜虫毒理基因组学研究

有机污染物二氯二苯三氯乙烷（DDT）、三丁基锡（TBT）和2,3,7,8．四氯二苯并二嗯英（TCDD）因对水生生态系统的危害以及对人体健康造成的严重伤害而受到重视．本实验以模式生物原生动物嗜热四膜虫为研究对象,利用microarray技术筛选了在上述3种污染物下分别暴露24h后差异表达2倍以上的基因,并在geneontology功能注释的基础上,通过富集分析考察了这些基因涉及的主要功能,其中许多功能和多细胞生物中的报道相一致．随后,以TCDD中富集功能注释的基因为核心,通过CLR算法构建了TCDD相关基因的相互作用网络,依照功能将其划分为2个亚网络,并在此基础上推测了TCDD在四膜虫中的作用机制模型．结果显示,四膜虫具有成为在基因组水平研究毒物作用机制的单细胞生物模型的巨大潜力．     

维生素E对2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并二噁英急性染毒小鼠卵巢内分泌及其结构的影响

为研究维生素E对2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并二噁英(TCDD)染毒小鼠生殖内分泌功能和卵巢的影响,设计了急性染毒实验。将24只4-5周龄的健康雌性小鼠(Mus musculus)随机分为对照组、TCDD(30μg/kg)染毒组和染毒同时给予100mg/kg维生素E组3组。通过放射免疫法测定小鼠血浆孕酮、雌二醇含量的变化,显微镜下计数卵泡数量并观察其形态变化。结果表明,TCDD能导致小鼠血浆孕酮含量的降低及卵巢结构的紊乱、卵泡数量的减少。100mg/kg的维生素E能明显对抗急性TCDD染毒引起的雌鼠孕酮含量和卵泡数量降低,缓解TCDD引起的小鼠卵巢形态结构的病变;TCDD染毒和维生素E对小鼠血浆雌二醇含量均没有明显影响。结果表明,维生素E对TCDD引起的内分泌功能紊乱以及卵泡数量降低有拮抗作用。     

维生素E对2，3，7，8-四氯二苯并二嗯英急性染毒小鼠卵巢内分泌及其结构的影响

为研究维生素E对2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并二嗯英（TCDD）染毒小鼠生殖内分泌功能和卵巢的影响,设计了急性染毒实验。将24只4—5周龄的健康雌性小鼠（Musmusculus）随机分为对照组、TCDD（30ag／kg）染毒组和染毒同时给予100mg／kg维生素E组3组。通过放射免疫法测定小鼠血浆孕酮、雌二醇含量的变化,显微镜下计数卵泡数量并观察其形态变化。结果表明,TCDD能导致小鼠血浆孕酮含量的降低及卵巢结构的紊乱、卵泡数量的减少。100mg／kg的维生素E能明显对抗急性TCDD染毒引起的雌鼠孕酮含量和卵泡数量降低,缓解TCDD引起的小鼠卵巢形态结构的病变;TCDD染毒和维生素E对小鼠血浆雌二醇含量均没有明显影响。结果表明,维生素E对TCDD引起的内分泌功能紊乱以及卵泡数量降低有拮抗作用。     

HTm4基因在造血细胞周期调控中的作用

为了研究HTm4基因在造血细胞细胞周期调控中的作用,以佛波酯(phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate,PMA)诱导K562细胞分化为模型,利用流式细胞术(FACS)及半定量RT-PCR对分化过程中细胞周期的变化及HTm4基因的表达进行了分析,并利用Tet-Off调控表达系统,将HTm4基因以及C端功能域缺失的HTm4-ct转染K562细胞,观察对细胞周期的影响。结果表明,PMA同时引起了K562细胞的增殖和分化,G0／G1期细胞的比例以及HTm4基因的表达均呈现出波浪形的变化趋势,说明HTm4基因可能参与了细胞退出细胞周期的过程。HTm4基因转染后引起K562细胞滞留于G0／G1期,但C端功能域缺失的HTm4-ct没有此作用,说明C端功能域在HTm4基因调控细胞周期的功能中发挥重要作用。     

opn1lw2基因在红光诱导斑马鱼皮肤 色素细胞形成中的作用

为了探究感红光视蛋白2基因opn1lw2在红光诱导斑马鱼(Danio rerio)皮肤色素细胞形成中的作用,针对AB品系野生型斑马鱼利用CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术敲除感红光视蛋白2基因opn1lw2,构建opn1lw2缺失的纯合opn1lw2~(-/-)品系。使用光强(800±100)lx的红光LED灯(每天光照24 h)对15日龄野生型斑马鱼和opn1lw2~(-/-)品系斑马鱼进行60 d水面照射,发现野生型斑马鱼背部皮肤黑色素细胞数量显著多于opn1lw2~(-/-)品系斑马鱼。实时荧光定量PCR分析发现,黑色素细胞标记基因kit在野生型斑马鱼背部皮肤表达量显著高于opn1lw2~(-/-)品系,黄色素细胞标记基因csf1ra和虹彩细胞标记基因pnp4a在opn1lw2~(-/-)品系及野生斑马鱼背部皮肤表达无显著差异。表明红光能通过opn1lw2基因调控斑马鱼背部皮肤黑色素细胞的形成,但不影响皮肤黄色素细胞和虹彩细胞的形成;而且,调控黑色素细胞分化的α-MSH促黑激素的前体基因pomca在红光持续照射60d的opn1lw2~(-/-)品系斑马鱼背部皮肤中的表达显著低于野生型,表明红光通过opn1lw2基因调控pomca基因的表达从而诱导黑色素细胞的形成。实时荧光定量PCR检测发现,野生型斑马鱼皮肤中视黄醛脱氢酶基因raldh3表达量显著高于opn1lw2~(-/-)品系,而视黄醛脱氢酶基因raldh2的表达,在两种类型斑马鱼中没有差异,表明opn1lw2基因可介导红光诱导视黄醛脱氢酶基因raldh3表达,进而调控黑色素细胞的形成。这些结果对于深入理解红光诱导鱼类皮肤色素细胞形成有重要帮助。     

有污染物二氯二苯三氯乙烷、三丁锡和2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并二噁英暴露下的四膜虫毒理因组学研究

有污染物二氯二三氯乙烷(DDT)、三丁锡(TBT)和2,3,7,8-四氯二并二噁英(TCDD)因对水生生态系统的害以对人体健康造成的重伤害而受到重视.实验以生物原生动物嗜热四虫为究对象,利用microarray技筛选了在上3种污染物下分别露24h后差异表达2倍以上的因,并在gene ontology功能注释的础上,通过富分析考察了这些因涉的主要功能,其中许多功能和多细胞生物中的道相一致.随后,以TCDD中富功能注释的因为核心,通过CLR算法构建了TCDD相关因的相互作用网络,依照功能将其划分为2个亚网络,并在此础上推测了TCDD在四虫中的作用制型.结果显,四虫有成为在因组水平究毒物作用制的单细胞生物型的大潜力.     

Shh信号通路在牙早期发育中的研究进展

Sonichedgehog（Shh）信号通路在牙早期发育中起关键作用,Shh通过与其特定的受体Ptc／Smo蛋白复合物相互作用来激活整个信号通路。Shh在牙早期发育过程中的表达具有时间和空间特异性,通过自分泌和旁分泌作用于上皮组织以及周围的间充质,促进细胞增殖、分化,调控牙的形态发生。Shh基因缺失将导致小鼠在帽状期牙形态的严重畸形,牙体变小,牙索缺失。对Shh信号通路在牙早期发育的作用及其与Wnt信号通路、BMP家族、FGF家族和MSX家族之间的相互关系进行综述。     

BPOZ基因纯合缺失ES细胞系的建立及其生长和分化研究

研究BPOZ基因缺失对细胞生长和分化的影响.以高浓度的G418筛选BPOZ基因杂合缺失型ES细胞,PCR鉴定抗高浓度G418细胞克隆基因型;半定量RTPCR分析3种基因型ES细胞BPOZ基因的表达情况,分析3种基因型ES细胞Oct34基因的表达以明确ES细胞分化状态.利用3种基因型ES细胞进行细胞生长曲线和3H胸嘧啶核苷参入实验比较其生长速度和增殖能力.以裸鼠荷瘤实验和类胚体形成实验比较BPOZ基因纯合缺失型ES细胞与野生型ES细胞生长分化能力.结果表明,筛选获得两个BPOZ基因剔除的纯合ES细胞克隆;筛选得到的纯合ES细胞中BPOZ基因表达完全缺失,细胞处未分化状态.与野生型ES细胞相比,BPOZ基因纯合缺失型ES细胞生长受抑,增殖能力减弱.BPOZ基因纯合缺失型ES细胞可分化形成类胚体和具备来自3个不同胚层的细胞和组织的畸胎瘤.BPOZ基因剔除使ES细胞生长受抑,对ES细胞分化发育没有明显影响.     

无乳链球菌鱼源株10 kb基因序列对细菌致病力的影响

【目的】在前期比较基因组学分析中,我们发现中国无乳链球菌鱼源株GD201008-001基因组中有一段10 kb基因序列,内含11个未知功能的开放阅读框。为了研究该段基因序列与细菌的致病力的关系,本研究将这段基因进行了全段缺失。【方法】运用链球菌-大肠杆菌穿梭质粒p SET4s,构建了10 kb基因缺失株(Δ10 kb),并通过生物学性状的比较,细胞粘附试验,斑马鱼攻毒试验和缺失前后毒力相关基因转录水平的检测,评价该序列对无乳链球菌毒力的影响。【结果】经测序证明缺失株Δ10 kb构建成功,与亲本株GD201008-001相比较,缺失株Δ10 kb在细菌染色形态、对HEp-2细胞的粘附能力无明显差异,但在培养液中的生长速度略慢;缺失株Δ10 kb对斑马鱼的毒力明显增强,LD_(50)有极其显著的差异(P0.001);编码菌毛骨架蛋白2b的基因(PI-2b)和唾液酸酶基因(neul)在缺失株中的转录水平明显上升。【结论】该序列对无乳链球菌GD201008-001的毒力有显著的影响,可能调控某些毒力基因的转录表达,使细菌的毒力减弱。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。