紫杉醇高产菌株的原生质体诱变选育及其遗传变异初探

以紫杉醇产生菌NCEU_1为出发菌株,分别采用紫外线和紫外线与氯化锂复合诱变方法对其原生质体进行诱变,获得了两株高产紫杉醇的突变株———UV4 0 - 1 9和UL50 - 6 ,其紫杉醇产量从出发菌株的314 0 7μg L分别提高至376 38μg L和392 6 3μg L ;同时,又采用RAPD和同工酶技术对出发菌株NCEU_1与两高产株UV4 0 - 1 9和UL50 - 6 间的遗传差异进行了研究。结果表明,出发菌株与诱变菌株之间以及两诱变菌株之间都存在明显差异,为进一步研究与紫杉醇合成相关基因及诱变株产量提高的分子机制奠定了基础     

树状多节孢诱变株与出发株间同工酶差异初探

为了探索紫杉醇产生菌发酵产生紫杉醇的机理,对紫杉醇产生菌树状多节孢HQD33和经LiCl、紫外线诱变产生的紫杉醇产量正突变的HQD33诱变菌株(P50-2、P1-6、P5-8、L30-2、L50-4)的同工酶和蛋白质(如:过氧化物酶同工酶、脂酶同工酶、淀粉酶同工酶、过氧化氢酶同工酶以及可溶性蛋白和游离组蛋白)的电泳图谱进行了分析,结果显示:除过氧化氢酶同工酶以外其它酶和蛋白质的电泳图谱都有不同程度的改变。可初步推断,诱变使紫杉醇产生菌的分子生物学背景发生了变化,由于遗传背景的改变导致了产生菌细胞内部蛋白质和同工酶的变化,可进一步认为紫杉醇的产生与试验所选的同工酶和蛋白质有一定的相关性。     

高产紫杉醇菌株的诱变选育及其差异表达基因消减cDNA文库的构建

[目的]选育高产紫杉醇菌株,并构建选育到的高产紫杉醇菌株与出发菌株HD1-3差异表达的cDNA消减文库.[方法]分别采用硫酸二乙酯和紫外线与硫酸二乙酯复合诱变处理菌株HD1-3孢子;以选育到的高产紫杉醇菌株为tester,菌株HD1-3为driver,应用抑制性消减杂交技术构建选育到的高产紫杉醇菌株与菌株HD1-3差异表达的cDNA消减文库.[结果]试验确定的Nodulisporium sylviforme紫杉醇产生菌HD1-3孢子复合诱变的适宜条件为:将106cfu/mL孢子悬液经过8%硫酸二乙酯处理15 min后,在电磁搅拌下,用紫外灯(30 w,距离30 cm)照射处理45 s,获得了1株遗传性状稳定、高产紫杉醇的突变株--UD14-11,其紫杉醇产量从出发菌株HD1-3的232.73±4.61μg/L提高至312.81±7.51μg/L;构建的文库滴度为1.2×107cfu/mL,阳性克隆率75.3%,片段大小主要集中在300 bp-1.0kb.[结论]选育到了1株遗传性状稳定、高产紫杉醇突变株;成功地构建了高产紫杉醇菌株UD14-11与菌株HD1-3差异表达的cDNA消减文库,为寻找、分离微生物生物合成紫杉醇相关基因和利用基因工程或代谢工程手段定向设计改造菌株奠定基础.     

产紫杉醇菌株原生质体诱变育种的研究

对紫杉醇产生菌NCEU-1的原生质体进行了紫外线和氯化锂复合诱变,筛选制霉菌素抗性突变株,共筛选出了4株正突变株。经发酵筛选试验,获得了一株遗传性状稳定、高产紫杉醇的原生质体诱变菌株——UL_04-5,其紫杉醇产量从出发菌株的314.07μg/L提高至418.24μg/L。     

紫杉醇产生菌HQD33的鉴定

通过对紫杉醇产生菌HQD33的群体形态和菌丝、分生孢子梗、产孢细胞、分生孢子等个体形态的研究,确定了HQD33的分类地位,为树状多节孢.     

培养基组成对树状多节孢(Nodulisporium sylviforme)紫杉醇产量的影响

采用正交试验法 ,研究了醋酸钠、苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸、亮氨酸对紫杉醇产生菌HQD3 3 产生紫杉醇的影响。结果表明 ,它们之间的协同作用对提高紫杉醇产量有显著影响。在改良的S - 7培养基基础上 ,再加入醋酸钠 1 0g/L、苯丙氨酸 5 0mg/L、酪氨酸 1 5mg/L、亮氨酸 6 0mg/L ,可以使紫杉醇产生菌HQD3 3 产生紫杉醇产量提高到 2 0 3 6 5 6 μg/L。     

树状多节孢的双亲灭活原生质体融合*

以紫杉醇产生菌树状多节孢HQD33的诱发突变株UL50-6和UL40-19 为出发菌株,将收集到的出发菌株UL50-6和UL40-19的菌丝体分别用pH5.5~6.0的0.7mol/L NaCl配制的3%溶壁酶、2%蜗牛酶、1%溶菌酶组成的复合酶系,30℃恒温酶解3~5h,制备原生质体。两菌株的原生质体经纯化后分别用热和紫外线灭活,其中UL50-6的原生质体在54℃热灭活5分钟,UL40-19的原生质体在30W紫外灯下,30cm,照射85秒进行紫外灭活,双亲株的原生质体存活再生率为零。同时对融合条件进行了初步探索,以含有Ca2 和Gly的35%~40%的PEG作为融合剂,融合时间为20分钟时,融合率可以达到4.44?0-2~6.92?0-2。对融合株TPF-1与双亲株的形态学、可溶性蛋白、过氧化物同工酶进行分析,确证其为双亲株的融合子。     

用Genome shuffling技术选育紫杉醇高产菌株

以树状多节孢（Nodulisporium sylviforme）紫杉醇产生菌为研究对象,探索了紫杉醇产生菌的基因组重排育种的基本规律,重点研究了紫杉醇产生菌的原生质体融合和基因组重排育种的方法．采用薄层层析（TLC）、高效液相色谱（HPLC）和质谱（MS）分析筛选重组子,通过四轮基因组重排成功选育出了3株遗传稳定的高产紫杉醇菌株,其中一株重排菌株F4-26的发酵液中紫杉醇含量达到516-37μg几,比原始出发菌株NCEU-1紫杉醇产量提高了64．41％,比亲本菌株紫杉醇产量提高了31．52％-44．72％．     

高产紫杉醇内生真菌J11的鉴定

从南方红豆杉(Taxus chinensis var.mairei)的幼茎中分离出一株产紫杉醇内生真菌J11.菌株J11的发酵提取物经高分辨质谱分析,证实J11菌株可产紫杉醇.提取该菌株的基因组DNA,扩增核糖体internal transcribed spacer(ITS)和28S核糖体large subunit rRNA gene(LSU)序列,经测序获得该菌的ITS序列和LSU序列.序列比对和检索结果表明,J11菌株为葡萄座腔菌(Botryosphaeria ssp.)属中的一个新菌株.形态学鉴定符合葡萄座腔菌属特征,高效液相色谱分析表明,J11菌株的紫杉醇含量约为615.1μg/L.本研究首次证实葡萄座腔菌J11是一株高产紫杉醇野生型菌株,具有潜在的应用前景.     

一株新的产吡咯喹啉醌甲基营养菌全基因组测序和比较基因组学分析

【背景】由于甲基营养菌被发现的时间较短,而且可以生产吡咯喹啉醌(pyrroloquinoline quinone,PQQ)的甲基杆菌属细菌只有少数菌株的全基因组序列被公布,增加了该类细菌基因组学和生物代谢途径研究的难度。【目的】将本实验室筛选的PQQ生产菌经多种诱变方式处理,用于提高PQQ的发酵产量。对高产突变菌株进行全基因组解析,以探究甲基杆菌PQQ合成的分子机制,为后续分子育种提供序列背景信息。【方法】将野生型PQQ生产菌株进行紫外诱变、亚硝基胍诱变、甲基磺酸乙酯诱变、硫酸二乙酯诱变和紫外-氯化锂复合诱变。将突变菌株利用PromethION三代测序平台和MGISEQ-2000二代测序平台测序,然后进行组装和功能注释。组装得到的全基因组序列与模式菌株扭脱甲基杆菌AM1 (Methylobacterium extorquens AM1)进行比较基因组学分析。【结果】经11轮诱变获得一株突变菌株NI91,其PQQ产量为19.49 mg/L,相较原始菌株提高44.91%。突变菌株NI91的基因组由一个5 409 262 bp的染色体组成,共编码4 957个蛋白,与模式菌株M. extorquens AM1比较发现其PQQ合成过程中剪切加工相关的基因pqqF和pqqG缺失,但首次在甲基营养菌中发现与基因pqqF具有相似功能的基因pqqL,且基因pqqC/D的序列存在较大差异。【结论】为甲基营养类细菌甲基杆菌的功能基因组学研究及PQQ合成机理研究提供了基础数据支持,NI91与模式菌株M. extorquens AM1的比较基因组学分析为揭示PQQ合成的不同机理提供了分子基础。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.