利用大肠杆菌质粒检测与分离痘苗病毒的启动子

本文发现,痘苗病毒DNA一些巳知的启动子序列和一些功能尚不清楚的DNA片段,可以在大肠杆菌中起始氯霉素乙酰基转移酶(Chloramphenicol Acetyltrsnsferase,简称CAT)基因的转录和表达,使转化细菌呈现氯霉素抗性表型,这一结果证明,痘苗病毒的启动子可以被大肠杆菌的RNA多聚酶所识别并有效工作。同时发现不同启动子具有不同的强度,利用大肠杆菌质粒分离和检测痘苗病毒的启动子序列,不仅可以研究痘苗病毒基因组的表达调节特点,而且也为组建痘苗病毒表达载体提供了一个快速、简便可靠的方法。     

人乳头瘤病毒6b型(HPV-6b)的上游调控区在大肠杆菌中也具有增强子样的效应

采用痘苗病毒7.5k、11k及N2启动子,以大肠杆菌β-半乳糖苷酶(β-lac)、氯霉素乙酰基转移酶(CAT)作为标记基因,构建了大肠杆菌增强子样序列的系列检测载体。采用上述检测载体发现人乳头瘤病毒6b(Human papillomavirus type 6b,HPV-6b)上游调控区(Upstream regulating region,URR)中540bp的Sau3A-Nar Ⅰ片段,在大肠杆菌中对痘苗病毒启动子控制的CAT基因的表达有明显的增强作用,可使基因表达提高4～5倍;对β-lac基因的表达可提高3～6倍。根据这一片段的插入方向增强基因表达水平有所不同。     

盐生盐杆菌RM07 DNA片段在大肠杆菌中的定点诱变和启动子功能分析

将来源于嗜盐古生菌——盐生盐杆菌(Halobacterium halobium)基因组的RM07 DNA片段以正反两个方向分别插入大肠杆菌启动子探针载体pKK232-8携带的报告基因——氯霉素抗性基因(cat)的上游,得到RM07-cat融合的质粒pRM07-1( )和pRM07-1(-),将其分别转入大肠杆菌HB101,进而检测了不同转化子菌株的氯霉素抗性水平和细胞内氯霉素乙酰转移酶蛋白质浓度。结果表明：正向的RM07片段在真细菌(大肠杆菌)中具有启动子活性,能够驱动cat报告基因的表达;而反向的RM07片段在大肠杆菌中不具有启动子活性。对RM07片段进行了定点诱变分析,检测了特定核苷酸突变对启动子活性的影响,结果进一步精确定位了RM07片段中对在大肠杆菌中的启动子功能有重要作用的关键碱基,并且通过改造RM07片段的碱基组成成分大幅提高了其在大肠杆菌中的启动子活性。     

昆虫杆状病毒晚期启动子在大肠杆菌中启禖AT基因表达

将油桐尺蠖核多角体病毒晚期基因－多角体蛋白基因启动子及５’端编码区,以两种不同方式置于缺乏启动子的氯霉素乙酰基转移酶（ＣＡＴ）基因上激,使其分别终止在不同翻译终止位点,其宿主菌具有明显不同的氯霉素抗性,最高达２００ｍｇ／ＬＬＢ培养基以上,表明昆虫病毒启动子能启动原核基因表达,对多角体蛋白基因启动子能在大肠杆菌中有效工作的原因进行了讨论。     

昆虫杆状病毒晚期启动子在大肠杆菌中启动CAT基因表达

将油桐尺蠖（Ｂｕｚｕｒａｓｕｐｐｒｅｓｓａｒｉａ）核多角体病毒晚期基因──多角体蛋白基因启动子及５′端编码区,以两种不同方式置于缺乏启动子的氯霉素乙酰基转移酶（ＣＡＴ）基因上游,使其分别终止在不同翻译终止位点,其宿主菌具有明显不同的氯霉素抗性,最高达２００ｍｇ／Ｌ　ＬＢ培养基以上,表明昆虫病毒启动子能启动原核基因表达。对多角体蛋白基因启动子能在大肠杆菌中有效工作的原因进行了讨论。     

基因标记、转化、表达与检测

922444 通过诱导T7 RNA聚合酶强烈抑制氯霉素乙酰转移酶的表达[英]/Kim,H.B.…∥Biotechnol.Lett.-1991,13(10).-751～754[译自DBA,1991,10(25),91-14511] 通过诱导大肠杆菌中的噬菌体T7表达系统强烈抑制氯霉素乙酰转移酶的表达。消化了质粒pYEJ001(含带有大肠杆菌核糖体结合位点序列的无启动子cat基因)和质粒pGEM3(带有T7和SP6启动子),将连接混和物导入大肠杆菌。含由T7和SP6启动子调控的cat基因的质粒分别称为pT7CAT和pSP6CAT。即使在无RNA聚合酶条件     

SV40 DNA Hind Ⅲ B片段对人αD型干扰素基因在原核细胞中表达的增强作用

近年来,从动物病毒到真核细胞都相继发现有增强子的存在,它能明显地增强其邻近基因的转录速率。但是,在原核表达系统中尚未见报导。本文在探讨SV40增强子对原核表达系统的影响时,发现SV40 DNA Hind Ⅲ B片段对人αD型干扰素基因在大肠杆菌中的表达有明显的增强作用。 pBV181含有完整的人αD型干扰素基因,在P1启动子的控制下,在大肠杆菌中(BM-     

基因工程

950714在Acetobacter methanoIicus B58中表达异源基因的广寄主范围质粒的构建[英]/FoelIner,C.G.…/Acta Biotechn01.1994,14(2).一141~151[译自DBA,1994,13(16),94—090093 在广寄主范围质粒RSFlolO复制子基础上构建了质粒,以此在嗜酸性甲基营养型A.raetkaaol-icus B58中有效表达异源基因。用启动子:探针载体质粒pRS201鉴别并分离出醋杆菌噬菌体AcmlDNA的含启动子序列。将此质粒与大肠杆菌启动子tac和pr相连,分别构成表达载体质粒pRS201tac和pRS201pr。将氯霉素乙酰转移酶(CAT)基因插入到克隆的启动子下游之后,测定了大肠杆…     

HSV1 ICP22对HCMV主要即刻早期启动子结构的效应分析

人巨细胞病毒 (human cytomegalovirus, HCMV)主要即刻早期(major immediate-early, MIE)启动子具有很强的转录启动能力, 其顺式调控元件在这一区域形成多次重复的特殊结构, 而这些元件及其组合方式在转录启动过程中的生物学意义尚不清楚. 实验发现HSV1即刻早期蛋白ICP22能对多种病毒及细胞启动子及增强子发挥极强的转录抑制作用, 利用CAT(氯霉素乙酰转移酶)报道基因系统检测ICP22对各种不同的HCMV即刻早期基因启动子结构元件及突变体转录活性的影响显示: 尽管各种元件在ICP22存在的情况下表现出了各自独特的转录效应, 但它们组合后形成的不同突变体以及完整的HCMV启动子所表现的转录效率又不是这些元件功能的简单叠加, 并且其特定的组合方式能够拮抗ICP22的作用. 因此, 可以认为, HCMV主要即刻早期基因启动子能以特别的方式与细胞和病毒的转录因子共同调控其下游基因的表达     

单疱疹1型病毒胸腺嘧啶核苷激酶基因在大肠杆菌中的表达

含有编码胸腺嘧啶核苷激酶序列的单疱疹Ⅰ型病毒DNA片段,以三个可能的读码结构(reading frame)被融合到大肠杆菌LacZ基因的开始部位。当胸腺嘧啶核苷激酶基因处在能从Lac启动子转录的方向时,那么在所有三种情况下,在Lac控制下都可在大肠杆菌中产生具有功能活性的病毒原的胸腺嘧啶核苷激酶。序列分析的结果指出,在胸腺嘧啶核苷激酶基因的5’端,子终止信号之后翻译又重新开始,而在这同一区域发现有二段富A+T序列,此序列可能是真核启动子部分。     

Bacillus subtilis rRNA promoters are growth rate regulated in Escherichia coli.

rRNA promoters from the rrnB locus of Bacillus subtilis and from the rrnB locus of Escherichia coli were fused to the gene for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT). The level of expression of CAT in E. coli showed growth rate dependence when the CAT gene was linked to either E. coli or B. subtilis tandem promoters. The downstream promoter of the tandem Bacillus pair showed growth rate regulation, while the upstream promoter did not, whereas for the E. coli tandem promoters, only the upstream promoter was growth rate regulated.     

The extended promoters for two outer membrane lipoprotein genes of Borrelia spp. uniquely include a T-rich region

OspA and B proteins of Borrelia burgdorferi and Vmp proteins of Borrelia hermsii are abundant outer membrane lipoproteins, whose expression varies with the environment. The genes for these proteins have the '-35' and '-10' elements of a sigma70-type promoter. Deletions of the promoters for these genes were analysed with a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene and plasmid constructs that were stably maintained in Escherichia coli or transiently transfected into B. burgdorferi. Reporter expression was measured as susceptibility of transformed E. coli cells to chloramphenicol and the CAT activity of E. coli and B. burgdorferi lysates in vitro. Presence of the '-10' element was essential for full activity in both B. burgdorferi and E. coli. Upstream of the '-35' elements of the ospAB and vmp promoters were tracts with Ts in 16 of 20 positions for B. burgdorferi and 18 of 20 positions for B. hermsii. Deletion of the T-rich region from the ospAB or vmp promoter caused a greater reduction of CAT activity in B. burgdorferi than in E. coli. The findings indicate that ospAB and vmp promoters are extended promoters with two parts: (i) a core region containing typical '-35' and '-10' elements and (ii) a unique T-rich region.     

Heterologous gene expression in Bacteroides fragilis.

Bacteroides fragilis and other gastrointestinal tract Bacteroides are unusual gram-negative eubacteria in that genes from other gram-negative eubacteria are not expressed when introduced into these organisms. To analyze gene expression in Bacteroides, expression vector and promoter probe (detection) vector systems were developed. The essential feature of the expression vector was the incorporation of a Bacteroides insertion sequence element, IS4351, which possesses promoter activity directed outward from its ends. Genes inserted into the multiple cloning site downstream from an IS4351 DNA fragment were readily expressed in B. fragilis. The chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) structural gene from Tn9 was tested and conferred chloramphenicol resistance on B. fragilis. Both chloramphenicol resistance and CAT activity were shown to be dependent on the IS4351 promoters. Similar results were obtained with the Escherichia coli beta-glucuronidase gene (uidA) but activity was just 30% of the levels seen with cat. Two tetracycline resistance determinants, tetM from Streptococcus agalactiae and tetC from E. coli, also were examined. tetC did not result in detectable tetracycline resistance but the gram-positive tetM gene conferred high-level resistance to tetracycline and minocycline in Bacteroides hosts. Based on the cat results, promoter probe vectors containing the promoterless cat gene were constructed. These vectors were used to clone random B. fragilis promoters from partial genomic libraries and the recombinants displayed a range of CAT activities and chloramphenicol MICs in B. fragilis hosts. In addition, known E. coli promoters (Ptet, Ptac, Ptrc, Psyn, and P1P2rrnB) were tested for activity in B. fragilis. No chloramphenicol resistance or CAT activity was observed in B. fragilis with these promoters.     

Mutational analysis of the lac regulatory region: second-site changes that activate mutant promoters.

Second-site mutations that restored activity to severe lacP1 down-promoter mutants were isolated. This was accomplished by using a bacteriophage f1 vector containing a fusion of the mutant E. coli lac promoters with the structural gene for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT), so that a system was provided for selecting phage revertants (or pseudorevertants) that conferred resistance of phage-infected cells to chloramphenicol. Among the second-site changes that relieved defects in mutant lac promoters, the only one that restored lacP1 activity was a T----G substitution at position -14, a weakly conserved site in E. coli promoters. Three other sequence changes, G----A at -2, A----T at +1, and C----A at +10, activated nascent promoters in the lac regulatory region. The nascent promoters conformed to the consensus rule, that activity is gained by sequence changes toward homology with consensus sequences at the -35 and -10 regions of the promoter. However, the relative activities of some promoters cannot be explained solely by consideration of their conserved sequence elements.