光敏生物素标记总DNA探针对大豆根瘤菌的检测

以光敏生物素标记慢生型大豆根瘤菌(Bradyrhizobium japonicum)USDA110总DNA作为探针,与快生型大豆根瘤菌杂交时,没有杂交斑点形成,而与慢生型大豆根瘤菌中的部分菌株能形成杂交斑点,表明该探针具有种和部分菌株特异性,用该探针与压碎的根瘤汁液进行DNA杂交,检测USDA110在不灭菌的盆栽土壤中的竞争结瘤能力,发现USDA110在大豆不同生育期的占瘤率为70%～90%。     

五株大豆根瘤菌噬菌体的普遍性转导

本文研究了5种烈性大豆根瘤菌噬菌体在大豆根瘤菌菌株间的普遍性转导。噬菌体psc和psx能在慢生大豆根瘤USDA110菌株间转导营养缺陷型标记和卡那霉素抗性标记。快生大豆根瘤菌MD3菌株间可通过噬菌体pfm转导营养缺陷标记和卡那霉素抗性标记。噬菌体pfc和pfx可在快生豇豆根瘤菌ANU240及其变种ANU265间转导抗性基因和定位于共生质粒（sym质粒）上的结瘤基因（common nod）。所有转导频率均在10-6~10-7之间。用紫外线处理噬菌体裂解液可以相应提高转导频率。     

湖北地区快生型大豆根瘤菌的质粒及结瘤基因的初步定位

从湖北省潜江县和监利县的4个采集点分离纯化了26株快生型大豆根瘤菌。质粒分离分析结果表明:所测快生型大豆根瘤菌中均有1—3条质粒带,分子量范围在50—300 Md之间。从26株快生型大豆根瘤菌中,选出分属两个血清型的5个菌株,依据根瘤菌nodABC基因在所有根瘤菌种中的结构同源性,对快生型大豆根瘤菌的结瘤基因(nod)进行了初步定位,其结果表明:R173、X143、B21、B2,D13菌株的质粒DNA中没有与nod ABC基因同源的片段存在,而R173、X143、B21、D13菌株的总DNA中含有部分no     

耐盐高效大豆根瘤菌株的构建

快生型大豆根瘤菌RT19是一株耐盐而固氮能力差的菌株,在含有0．3 mol／L Nacl的YM培养液中生长良好,代时为3．5h,甚至在0．6mol／L NaCl条件下仍可生长。慢生型大豆根瘤菌USDA110对盐敏感,在含有0.1 mol／L Nacl的YM培养液中不生长,但结瘤固氮能力强。     

超慢生大豆根瘤菌DNA G+C含量和DNA同源性测定

用热变性温度法和液相复性速率法分别测定了超慢生大豆根瘤菌(ESG,extra-slow-growing soybean rhizobia)DNA G+C mol%及与其它根瘤菌间的DNA同源性.结果表明,ESG的DNA G+C mol含量在59.2—63.5%之间,且不同地区不同血清型的ESG代表菌株DNA同源率在70%以上,说明它们是遗传型一致的类群.ESG与在大豆上结瘤的快生大豆根瘤菌(Rhizobium fredii USDA205)同源率为14.8%,与慢生大豆根瘤菌(Bradyrhizobiumjaponicum)三个DNA同源组的同源率分别为20.5%,30.0%,19.4%.测定结果还表明,ESG与其它根瘤菌遗传学的亲缘关系也很远.     

转座子Tn5诱变快生型大豆根瘤菌

大豆与其根瘤菌的共生固氮体系由于分布 广效率高,在农业上的意义很大。能与大豆结 根瘤的细菌有两个属：(1)慢生型大豆根瘤菌 (Bradyrhizobium japonicum),目前用作生产菌 剂的许多优良菌株都是这一属的成员。(2）快 生型大豆根瘤菌(Rhizobi“二f redii ),是1982 年才报道【刀的中国特有资源,具有生长速度快 的优点。大多数快生型菌株对大豆重要的生产 品种结无效瘤,但也已选出能与选育过的大豆 品种结有效根瘤的菌株[71。本文所用的USDA 19116,和马大31'1（以下简称MD     

我国南北大豆产区慢生大豆根瘤菌的遗传多样性和系统发育研究

利用16S rRNA基因RFLP、16S rRNA基因序列分析以及16S-23S rRNA IGS PCR RFLP技术对分离自我国南北大豆产区的慢生大豆根瘤菌进行了群体遗传多样性和系统发育研究。16S rRNA基因PCR RFLP分析以及16S rRNA基因序列分析结果表明:所有供试慢生大豆根瘤菌可分为B.japonicum和B.elkanii两个类群,其中属于B.japonicum的为优势种群,占供试菌株的91%,属于B.elkanii的仅占9%,多样性水平较低。16S-23S rRNA IGS PCRRFLP研究结果表明:属于B.japonicum的慢生根瘤菌具有较丰富的遗传多样性,在69%的相似性水平上可分为群Ⅰ和群Ⅱ两大类群。群I的菌株以分离自黑龙江和河北等北部区域的菌株为代表,群Ⅱ的菌株以分离自广西和江苏等南部地域的菌株为代表,反映出明显的地域特征。两群菌株在系统发育上均与USDA6、USDA110和USDA122等B.japonicum的模式或代表菌株有差异。     

超慢生大豆根瘤菌DNA G+C含量和DNA同源性测定

用热变性温度法和液相复性速率法分别测定了超慢生大豆根瘤菌(ESG,extra-slow-growing soybean rhizobia)DNA G+C mol%及与其它根瘤菌间的DNA同源性.结果表明,ESG的DNA G+C mol含量在59.2—63.5%之间,且不同地区不同血清型的ESG代表菌株DNA同源率在70%以上,说明它们是遗传型一致的类群.ESG与在大豆上结瘤的快生大豆根瘤菌(Rhizobium fredii USDA205)同源率为14.8%,与慢生大豆根瘤菌(Bradyrhizobiumjaponicum)三个DNA同源组的同源率分别为20.5%,30.0%,19.4%.测定结果还表明,ESG与其它根瘤菌遗传学的亲缘关系也很远.     

川中丘陵地区大豆根瘤菌遗传多样性与系统发育关系

【目的】研究分离自川中丘陵地区大豆根瘤菌的遗传多样性和系统发育。【方法】采用16S rDNA PCR-RFLP和16S rRNA基因、glnII、共生基因(nodC)系统发育分析的方法进行研究。【结果】供试未知菌的16S rDNA用4种限制性内切酶(HaeⅢ、HinfⅠ、MspⅠ及TaqⅠ)酶切后获得5种16S遗传图谱类型。16S rDNA PCR-RFLP结果表明,所有供试菌株在83%水平分为慢生根瘤菌属(Bradyrhizobium)和中华根瘤菌属(Sinonrhizobium)两大类群,而75%的菌株为中华根瘤菌。6个代表菌株的16S rDNA、glnII和nodC三个位点基因的系统发育结果基本一致,4株与S.fredii USDA205T相似度最高;有2株分别与B.yuanmingense CCBAU10071T、B.diazoefficiens USDA110T相似度最高。4个Sinonrhizobium代表菌株16S rDNA、glnII序列相似度分别为98.3%-99.9%、98.2%-100%,但它们的nodC基因序列完全相同。【结论】川中丘陵地区大豆根瘤菌具有较丰富的遗传多样性,S.fredii为优势种。     

固氮酶结构基因在快生型大豆根瘤菌中的定位

分离纯化了一批我国快生型大豆根癌蘸。测定了它们的固氮酶稀性和寄主专一性,发现相同菌株在不同大豆豆种植株上的结瘤和固氮活性差异甚大。蓑国USDA 191和193似寄主专一性较高,在我们所使用的豆种上结瘤能力很低,固氮活性也不高。对根瘤菌中巨型质粒的数量分布进行了分离分析,表明所有快生型大豆根瘤菌都包含1—3个巨型质粒(分子量范围;30-25Md>。用含有固氮酶结构基因的质粒pSA30作为探针对巨型质粒进行杂交,结果表明即使是快生型大豆根瘤菌,固氮酶结构基因也并不一定定位于巨型质粒上。另外,在若干菌株中发现psA30与二个巨型质粒同时杂交,表明有可能nif HDK或其部分基因的拷贝是分散的。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Synthesis and antimicrobial studies of hydrazone derivatives of 4-[3-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4-formyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid and 4-[3-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-4-formyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid

Microbial resistance to antibiotics is an unresolved global concern, which needs urgent and coordinated action. One of the guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Preventions (CDC) to combat antibiotic resistance is the development of new antibiotics to treat drug-resistant bacteria. In our effort to find new antibiotics, we report the synthesis and antimicrobial studies of 30 new pyrazole derivatives. These novel molecules have been synthesized by using readily available starting materials and benign reaction conditions. Some of these molecules have shown activity with MIC values as low as 0.78?µg/mL against four bacterial strains; Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Furthermore, active molecules are non-toxic to mammalian cell line.

     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Novel compounds with potent CDK9 inhibitory activity for the treatment of myeloma

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and Polo-like kinases (PLKs) play key role in the regulation of the cell cycle. The aim of our study was originally the further development of our recently discovered polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) inhibitors. A series of new 2,4-disubstituted pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized around the original hit, but their PLK1 inhibitory activity was very poor. However the novel compounds showed nanomolar CDK9 inhibitory activity and very good antiproliferative effect on multiple myeloma cell lines (RPMI-8226).