板蓝根多糖抑制致病性大肠埃希菌细胞黏附的试验研究

研究板蓝根多糖能否影响致病性大肠埃希菌对细胞的黏附。使用PK-15细胞进行了黏附试验及黏附抑制试验。在所选的4个浓度中,板蓝根多糖浓度为1.6mg/mL时,对细菌黏附细胞的抑制作用最好,黏附力由每个细胞黏附44.8个细菌降低到6.3个细菌。板蓝根多糖对致病性大肠埃希菌的细胞黏附具有抑制作用,提示该多糖具有调节肠道微生态的潜在应用价值。     

牛膝多糖抑制大肠埃希菌细胞粘附的实验研究

目的 :研究牛膝多糖能否影响大肠埃希菌对细胞的粘附。方法 :使用 Hela细胞进行了粘附试验及粘附抑制试验。结果 :发现牛膝多糖浓度为 0 .8mg/ml时 ,对细菌的细胞粘附抑制最为明显 ,粘附率由(2 5 7.0± 5 .2 )个细菌 /细胞 降低到 (63 .6± 3 .6)个细菌 /细胞 。结论 :牛膝多糖对大肠埃希菌的细胞粘附具有抑制作用 ,提示该多糖具有调节肠道微生态的潜在应用价值     

合肥地区动物源性大肠埃希菌的血清型分布与耐药性分析

目的了解安徽省合肥地区动物源性大肠埃希菌的血清型分布和耐药状况,以期筛选出菌苗株和指导临床合理用药。方法对46份疑似大肠埃希菌病病料进行细菌分离培养、生化编码鉴定和致病性测定。采用玻片凝集试验对分离到的46株致病性大肠埃希菌进行血清型鉴定。同时分别采用K-B纸片琼脂扩散法和双纸片增效法检测致病性大肠埃希菌的耐药性和ESBLs阳性菌株。结果46株致病性大肠埃希菌中,除7株细菌未能定型外,其余39株细菌分布于10个血清型,O127：K63血清型为优势血清型,占定型菌株的33．33％。46株致病性大肠埃希菌对21种抗菌药物均呈现不同程度的耐药性,15个ESBLs阳性菌株表现为多重耐药,对各种抗菌药物的耐药率均高于ESBLs阴性菌株。结论O127：K63血清型为优势血清型,可作为菌苗株。合肥地区动物源性大肠埃希菌耐药性较为严重,尤其是产ESBLs大肠埃希菌多重耐药更为突出。     

致病性大肠埃希菌基因细胞水平致病机制的新进展

致病性大肠埃希菌是引起婴幼儿腹泻的重要病原菌。它的感染是由对宿主细胞的粘附,激活宿主细胞内信号通路,引起细胞病变等多阶段过程构成。近年来对致病性大肠埃希菌致病性的研究在基因水平和细胞水平上取得了显著的进展。本文就致病性大肠埃希菌的致病性基因／产物及感染过程中宿主细胞内的信号传导作一综述。     

亚抑菌浓度头孢他啶对大肠埃希菌生物膜形成的影响与其耐药性相关性研究

目的:探讨亚抑菌浓度头孢他啶对大肠埃希菌生物膜形成的影响与细菌耐药性、超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)产生及ESBLs基因分型的相关性,为临床生物膜感染的治疗和抗生素的合理使用提供理论依据。方法:大肠埃希菌最低抑菌浓度(MIC)检测采用琼脂平板倍比稀释法,超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLS)表型确证实验采用双纸片协同法,大肠埃希菌ESBLs基因检测采用PCR扩增,生物膜形成能力检测采用96孔板结晶紫染色法。结果:50株大肠埃希菌临床株对青霉素类、氟喹诺酮类、头孢哌酮及复方新诺明具有较高的耐药性,而对阿米卡星、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦敏感性较高。所有菌株均对碳青霉烯类抗菌药物敏感。31株大肠埃希菌为ESBLs阳性菌株。CTX-M、TEM、OXA、SHV和VEB基因阳性率分别为93.5%、83.9%、19.4%、16.1%和3.2%。亚-MIC头孢他啶对9株(18.0%)大肠埃希菌生物膜形成具有抑制作用。亚-MIC头孢他啶对大肠埃希菌生物膜形成的影响与细菌耐药性和ESBLs均无相关性(P0.05)。结论:亚-MIC头孢他啶对大肠埃希菌生物膜形成的调控作用与细菌耐药性、产ESBLs及ESBLs基因分型均无相关性。     

致病性大肠埃希菌血清型分布及对抗生素的敏感性分析

目的了解临床病例中致病性大肠埃希菌的主要血清型和对抗生素的敏感性。方法致病性大肠埃希菌的鉴定使用血清学的方法,药敏试验采用纸片扩散法,WHONET 5.0软件分析药敏结果。结果致病性大肠埃希菌的检出率为5.93%,共分离到7种血清型。在分离到的菌株中,ESBLs的检出率达45%。结论致病性大肠埃希菌是引起小儿腹泻的一种重要致病菌,应开展对致病性大肠埃希菌的检测,根据药敏结果选用合适药物。     

乳酸杆菌代谢产物对一些常见菌黏附阴道上皮细胞的抑制作用的初步探讨

目的 探讨乳酸杆菌代谢产物对大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌黏附阴道上皮细胞的抑制作用.方法 刮取健康妇女阴道上皮细胞进行体外培养,观察在乳酸杆菌代谢产物的干预下大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌黏附阴道上皮细胞的情况.结果 和结论 乳酸杆菌代谢产物能够明显抑制大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌对阴道上皮细胞的黏附.     

致病性大肠埃希菌和沙门菌毒力岛基因的双重PCR检测方法的建立

目的实现对致病性大肠埃希菌（E．coli）、沙门菌（Salmonella）的同时检测,建立快速灵敏的双重PCR检测方法。方法以致病性大肠埃希菌和沙门菌毒力岛基因为研究对象,根据GenBank发表的大肠埃希菌和沙门菌毒力岛基因序列,分别设计合成了大肠埃希菌毒力岛irpl、irl）2和fyuA,沙门菌毒力岛mgtC、sseL和sopB等6对引物,以禽致病性大肠埃希菌（CVCC1565）菌株和沙门菌（ATCC9150）菌株的核酸混合物为模板,经引物特异性试验,引物组合,成功建立了快速鉴别检测致病性大肠埃希菌和沙门菌的双重PCR方法。结果特异性试验结果显示,引物irpl、irp2和fyuA仅能扩增出大肠埃希菌（CVCC1565）的特异性片段,大小分别是799、414和948bp;引物mgtC、sseL和sopB仅能扩增出沙门菌（ATCC9150）的特异性片段,大小分别是500、269和1000bp。敏感性试验结果表明大肠埃希菌和沙门菌的最低检测限分别为2．2×101CFU／mL和2．0×101CFU／mL。结论本研究建立的双重PCR方法具有特异性强、敏感性高、快速简便等特点,可用于致病性大肠埃希菌和沙门菌的联合检测与鉴别诊断。     

纳米银体外对三种微生物的抑制作用及机制

目的探讨纳米银广谱的抗菌作用及机制。方法以金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌及白假丝酵母菌为研究对象,采用涂布法检测纳米银的杀菌作用,利用细菌呼吸链脱氢酶活性检测及透射电镜探讨纳米银抑菌的作用机制。结果≥0.05μg/mL的纳米银对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌及白假丝酵母菌具有明显的杀菌作用;5μg/mL的纳米银对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌及白假丝酵母菌作用60、30、15和5min均有明显的杀菌作用;纳米银对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌的呼吸链脱氢酶活性具有明显的抑制作用;纳米银对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌和白假丝酵母菌的菌体形态具有明显的破坏作用。结论纳米银对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌和白假丝酵母菌具有高效、迅速及广谱的杀菌作用,这些作用可能与纳米银的多靶位作用机制有关。     

大肠埃希菌O157及其检验

以往,对食品中的大肠埃希菌检验主要是从食品卫生指标角度进行。通过对大肠埃希菌的检验,以确定食品受粪便污染的程度,而O157：H7大肠埃希菌系临床腹泻病原菌,是致病性大肠埃希菌的重要成员。近年,由该菌引起的食物中毒来势颇为凶猛,深受世界各国政府所重视。本文试对该菌的有关情况做一简述。1腹泻原性大肠埃希菌的分类和引起的疾病（见表1）引起腹泻的大肠埃希菌,已知有肠致病性大肠埃希菌（EPEC）、肠侵袭性大肠埃希菌（EIEC）、产肠毒素大肠埃希菌（EIEC与肠出血性大肠埃希菌（EHEC）或称产Vero毒素大肠埃希菌（VTEC）…     

Mechanism of enhancement of microbial cell hydrophobicity by cationic polymers.

Polycationic polymers have been noted for their effects in promoting cell adhesion to various surfaces, but previous studies have failed to describe a mechanism dealing with this type of adhesion. In the present study, three polycationic polymers (chitosan, poly-L-lysine, and lysozyme) were tested for their effects on microbial hydrophobicity, as determined by adhesion to hydrocarbon and polystyrene. Test strains (Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, and a nonhydrophobic mutant, MR-481, derived from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus RAG-1) were vortexed with hexadecane in the presence of the various polycations, and the extent of adhesion was measured turbidimetrically. Adhesion of all three test strains rose from near zero values to over 90% in the presence of low concentrations of chitosan (125 to 250 micrograms/ml). Adhesion occurred by adsorption of chitosan directly to the cell surface, since E. coli cells preincubated in the presence of the polymer were highly adherent, whereas hexadecane droplets pretreated with chitosan were subsequently unable to bind untreated cells. Inorganic cations (Na+, Mg2+) inhibited the chitosan-mediated adhesion of E. coli to hexadecane, presumably by interfering with the electrostatic interactions responsible for adsorption of the polymer to the bacterial surface. Chitosan similarly promoted E. coli adhesion to polystyrene at concentrations slightly higher than those which mediated adhesion to hexadecane. Poly-L-lysine also promoted microbial adhesion to hexadecane, although at concentrations somewhat higher than those observed for chitosan. In order to study the effect of the cationic protein lysozyme, adhesion was studied at 0 degree C (to prevent enzymatic activity), using n-octane as the test hydrocarbon. Adhesion of E. coli increased by 70% in the presence of 80 micrograms of lysozyme per ml. When the negatively charged carboxylate residues on the E. coli cell surface were substituted for positively charged ammonium groups, the resulting cells became highly hydrophobic, even in the absence of polycations. The observed "hydrophobicity" of the microbial cells in the presence of polycations is thus probably due to a loss of surface electronegativity. The data suggest that enhancement of hydrophobicity by polycationic polymers is a general phenomenon.     

Downregulation of immune response by the human cytokines Interleukin-32α and β in cell-mediated rejection

Xenotransplantation of porcine organs has the potential to help overcome the severe shortage of human tissues and organs available for human transplantation. However, numerous hurdles such as immune-mediated xenograft rejection remain before clinical xenotransplantation.In this study, we elucidated the role of human TNF-α-inducing factor, Interleukin-32 (IL-32), in porcine kidney cells (PK-15) during cell-mediated rejection by examining host cell responses. CD8⁺ and CD4⁺ T cells numbers were reduced in the lymph nodes of PK-15/IL-32β injected mice. CD3⁺ Tcells were in mice injected with control cells but PK-15/IL-32α- and PK-15/IL-32β-injected cell numbers were lower in lymphnodes than un transfected controls. In Mixed lymphocyte reaction cultures, the rates of cell proliferation were increased in both PK-15/IL-32α- and PK-15/IL-32β-injected groups compared to the untransfected control groups. The Stable porcine PK-15 cells expression IL-32α and IL-32β inhibited cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTLs) after cellular xenograft. Our results suggest that human IL-32α and IL-32β regulates on xenograft rejection in cellular xenotransplantation.     

表面活性素体外抗伪狂犬病毒活性研究

研究了表面活性素（surfactin）体外抗伪狂犬病毒（Pseudorabies Virus,PRV）效果。观察表面活性素的细胞毒性、对PRV直接灭活作用、抗PRV吸附作用及对PRV生物合成抑制作用。结果表明表面活性素对猪肾（porcinekidney,PK-15）细胞的TD50和TD0分别为31．25、4．03μg／mL;具有直接灭活PRV效果,不具有抗PRV吸附作用,对PRV生物合成无显著影响.     

Differential adhesion of major surface proteins 1a and 1b of the ehrlichial cattle pathogen Anaplasma marginale to bovine erythrocytes and tick cells

Anaplasma marginale is a tick-borne ehrlichial pathogen of cattle for which six major surface proteins (MSPs) have been described. The MSP1 complex, a heterodimer composed of MSP1a and MSP1b, was shown to induce a protective immune response in cattle and both proteins have been identified as putative adhesins for bovine erythrocytes. In this study the role of MSP1a and MSP1b as adhesins for bovine erythrocytes and tick cells was defined. msp1alpha and msp1beta1 genes from the Oklahoma isolate of A. marginale were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli K-12 under the control of endogenous and tac promoters for both low and high level protein expression. Expression of the recombinant polypeptides was confirmed and localised on the surface of transformed E. coli. The adhesion properties of MSP1a and MSP1b were determined by allowing recombinant E. coli expressing these surface polypetides to react with bovine erythrocytes, Dermacentor variabilis gut cells and cultured tick cells derived from embryonic Ixodes scapularis. Adhesion of the recombinant E. coli to the three cell types was determined using recovery adhesion and microtiter haemagglutination assays, and by light and electron microscopy. MSP1a was shown by all methods tested to be an adhesin for bovine erythrocytes and both native and cultured tick cells. In contrast, recombinant E. coli expressing MSP1b adhered only to bovine erythrocytes and not to tick cells. When low expression vectors were used, single E. coli expressing MSP1a was seen adhered to individual tick cells while reaction of tick cells with the E. coli/MSP1a/high expression vector resulted in adhesion of multiple bacteria per cell. With electron microscopy, fusion of E. coli cell membranes expressing MSP1a or MSP1b with erythrocyte membranes was observed, as well as fusion of tick cell membranes with E. coli membranes expressing MSP1a. These studies demonstrated differential adhesion for MSP1a and MSP1b for which MSP1a is an A. marginale adhesin for both bovine erythrocytes and tick cells while MSP1b is an adhesin only for bovine erythrocytes. The role of the MSP1 complex, therefore, appears to vary among vertebrate and invertebrate hosts.     

抗微生物脂肽体外抗PRV和PPV的研究

本试验研究了枯草芽孢杆菌fmbJ株产生的抗微生物脂肽(Antimicrobiallipopeptide,AMI)的体外抗伪狂犬病病毒(Pseudorabiesvirus,PRV)、猪细小病毒(Porcineparvovirus,PPV)南京株活性并对其可能的机理进行了初步探讨。结果表明该抗微生物脂肽对猪肾(PorcineKidney,PK-15)细胞的半数中毒浓度(MedianToxicosisDose,TD50)和最大无毒浓度(TD0)分别为47.57mg/L、18.9mg/L;对PRV株、PPV南京株所致细胞病变效应(CytopathicEffects,CPE)有明显的抑制作用,可使细胞存活率显著升高;但不能抑制PRV株、PPV南京株在PK-15细胞上的感染和复制。由此可知,该抗微生物脂肽可以直接作用于PRV株、PPV南京株,从而抑制其对PK-15细胞的感染作用,其作用效果显著低于抗病毒药物阿昔洛韦(Acyclovir,ACV),但由于其对PK-15细胞毒性较弱,可作为一种抗病毒药物进行进一步开发研究。     

Adaptation of Swinepox Virus to an Established Cell Line

Swinepox virus was successfully adapted to the PK-15 cell line, but not the MDBK cell line. Virus titers obtained in the PK-15 host cell system were comparable to diploid swine kidney cell cultures.     

Stimulating effect of cord blood fraction below 5 kDa and actovegin on cell growth of permanent cell lines

The influence of a calf cord blood fraction below 5 kDa and Actovegin on the adhesive and proliferative properties of cells of the BHK-21 clone 13/04 and PK-15-IECVM permanent cell lines was investigated. It was shown that the fraction and Actovegin did not affect cell adhesion, promoted cell spreading, improved cell morphology, and stimulated cellular mitotic activity. In cultures cultivated in media with various serum contents, the efficiency of the cord blood fraction below 5 kDa was higher than that of Actovegin.     

Lactobacillus casei DN-114 001 inhibits the ability of adherent-invasive Escherichia coli isolated from Crohn's disease patients to adhere to and to invade intestinal epithelial cells

Ileal lesions in 36.4% of patients with Crohn's disease are colonized by pathogenic adherent-invasive Escherichia coli. The aim of this study was to determine the in vitro inhibitory effects of the probiotic strain, Lactobacillus casei DN-114 001, on adhesion to and invasion of human intestinal epithelial cells by adherent-invasive E. coli isolated from Crohn's disease patients. The experiments were performed with undifferentiated Intestine-407 cells and with undifferentiated or differentiated Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells. Bacterial adhesion to and invasion of intestinal epithelial cells were assessed by counting CFU. The inhibitory effects of L. casei were determined after coincubation with adherent-invasive E. coli or after preincubation of intestinal cells with L. casei prior to infection with adherent-invasive E. coli. Inhibitory effects of L. casei on adherent-invasive E. coli adhesion to differentiated and undifferentiated intestinal epithelial cells reached 75% to 84% in coincubation and 43% to 62% in preincubation experiments, according to the cell lines used. Addition of L. casei culture supernatant to the incubation medium increased L. casei adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells and enhanced the inhibitory effects of L. casei. The inhibitory effects on E. coli invasion paralleled those on adhesion. This effect was not due to a bactericidal effect on adherent-invasive E. coli or to a cytotoxic effect on epithelial intestinal cells. As Lactobacillus casei DN-114 001 strongly inhibits interaction of adherent-invasive E. coli with intestinal epithelial cells, this finding suggests that the probiotic strain could be of therapeutic value in Crohn's disease.     

The effect of surface charge property on Escherichia coli initial adhesion and subsequent biofilm formation

Polyethylene (PE) sheets were modified by radiation-induced graft polymerization (RIGP) of an epoxy-group containing monomer glycidyl methacrylate (GMA). The epoxy group of GMA was opened by introducing sodium sulfite (SS) and diethylamine (DEA) as representatives of negatively and positively charged functional groups, respectively. These modified surfaces by RIGP, termed GMA, SS, and DEA sheets, were investigated to elucidate their effects on initial adhesion and subsequent biofilm formation of Escherichia coli. Initial adhesion test revealed that E. coli density and viability were governed by sheet surface electrostatic property: E. coli cell density on the DEA sheet was 23 times higher than that on the SS sheet after 8 h incubation. The viability of E. coli cells dramatically decreased after contact with the DEA sheet, but remained high on the SS sheet. E. coli biofilm structure on the DEA sheet was dense, homogeneous, and uniform, with biomass higher than that of the GMA and SS sheets by factors of 14.0 and 37.5, respectively. On the contrary, biofilm structure on the SS sheet was sparse, heterogeneous, and mushroom-shaped. More than 40% of E. coli biofilm on the DEA sheet was retained under a high liquid shear force condition (5,000 s(-1)), whereas 97% and 100% of biofilms on the GMA and SS sheets were sloughed, indicating that E. coli biofilm robustness depends on surface charge property of the substratum. This suggests that substratum surface fabrication by RIGP may enhance or suppress biofilm formation, a finding with potentially important practical implications.