康莱特联合顺铂对宫颈癌SiHa细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

目的:通过康莱特联合顺铂对宫颈癌SiHa细胞增殖和凋亡的影响,探讨其作用机制。方法:体外培养宫颈癌Siha细胞,分别将康莱特(浓度为1,2,4,6,8 mg/mL),顺铂(浓度梯度为1.5,3,6,9,12μg/mL),单独作用于宫颈癌SiHa细胞,加药24h、48h用噻唑蓝(MTT法)检测细胞增殖情况。用流式细胞术检测康莱特组和顺铂组细胞24h凋亡率,选取合适的药物浓度(康莱特6 mg/mL,顺铂3μg/mL),进行联合用药,加药24h、48h用MTT法检测细胞增殖情况,用流式细胞术检测24h细胞凋亡率。结果:①MTT法显示加药后两组的24h、48h,宫颈癌SiHa细胞的抑制率均高于对照组(P0.05),并且在一定程度上呈浓度和时间依赖性。②联合用药时,细胞的抑制率和凋亡率要显著高于单独用药(P0.01)。结论:康莱特、顺铂单独或联合作用均能抑制SiHa细胞的增殖,促进其凋亡,且康莱特联合顺铂的作用要显著高于单独用药,康莱特与化疗药物联合使用可提高肿瘤细胞对化疗药物的敏感性。     

褪黑素对顺铂的听觉中枢毒性的影响

目的：研究顺铂的中枢听觉毒性以及褪黑素对其的保护作用。方法：用顺铂和不同浓度褪黑素分别在豚鼠左右腹腔注射7d后,用分光光度计测量听皮层脑组织LDH活力、MDA、NO含量。结果：顺铂注射7d后各组的体重均下降,其中以单独注射顺铂组和10mg·kg^-1·d^-1褪黑素加顺铂组下降趋势最明显,较处理前有显著差异（P〈0．01）。顺铂组动物听皮层LDH活力水平明显高于生理盐水组（P〈0．01）;褪黑索能显著降低顺铂引起的听皮层脑组织中的LDH增高（P〈0．05）。豚鼠腹腔注射顺铂7d后听皮层MDA含量较腹腔注射生理盐水组明显增高（P〈0．01）;同时腹腔注射褪黑素能降低听皮层组织MDA含量（P〈0．05）。各药物作用后听皮层的NO含量变化统计学比较无显著性意义。结论：腹腔注射顺铂能够作用于听皮层引起细胞损伤。褪黑素对顺铂所致的听皮层细胞损伤有防护作用,机制可能与其抗自由基作用有关。     

5- 氮杂-2'－脱氧胞苷对卵巢癌细胞系CP70 顺铂耐药性的逆转作用

目的:探究5-氮杂-2’-脱氧胞苷体外逆转卵巢癌铂类耐药细胞系CP70对顺铂的耐药性,并探讨与SOCS-2表达的关系。方法:免疫细胞化学和Western blot方法检测使用5-氮杂-2’-脱氧胞苷处理细胞前后细胞内SOCS-2表达水平。MTT法检测单独使用5-氮杂-2’-脱氧胞苷或顺铂及两药联合使用对CP70细胞的抑制作用。结果:两药联合处理CP70细胞后顺铂耐药逆转倍数为1.34、1.63、2.34,联合处理组的细胞中SOCS-2表达明显升高。结论:5-氮杂-2’-脱氧胞苷可以部分逆转CP70细胞对顺铂的耐药性,且此作用可能与增加细胞的SOCS-2表达有关。     

5-氮杂-2＇-脱氧胞苷对卵巢癌细胞系CP70顺铂耐药性的逆转作用

目的：探究5-氮杂-2＇-脱氧胞苷体外逆转卵巢癌铂类耐药细胞系CP70对顺铂的耐药性,并探讨与SOCS-2表达的关系。方法：免疫细胞化学和Western blot方法检测使用5-氮杂-2＇-脱氧胞苷处理细胞前后细胞内SOCS-2表达水平。MTT法检测单独使用5-氮杂-2＇-脱氧胞苷或顺铂及两药联合使用对CP70细胞的抑制作用。结果：两药联合处理CP70细胞后顺铂耐药逆转倍数为1.34、1.63、2.34,联合处理组的细胞中SOCS-2表达明显升高。结论：5-氮杂-2＇-脱氧胞苷可以部分逆转CP70细胞对顺铂的耐药性,且此作用可能与增加细胞的SOCS-2表达有关。     

γ射线照射后噪声对豚鼠听阈的影响

本研究分别观察了豚鼠在噪声暴露(105±2dBA,持续0.5h),γ射线照射(80Gy一次暴露)及γ射线照射后接着噪声暴露三种情况下豚鼠的听阈偏移。实验结果表明噪声暴露组豚鼠的听阈偏移在暴露后96h内恢复。γ射线照射组的最大阈移在照射后96h为9dB(4kHz)。γ射线照射后接着暴露于噪声的豚鼠的阈移大于噪声组和γ射线组阈移的总和。提示γ射线与噪声对豚鼠听阈产生了协同作用。     

阿霉素联合顺铂诱导宫颈癌细胞凋亡实验研究

目的:研究化疗药物阿霉素(ADM)联合顺铂(DDP)对宫颈癌CaSki细胞株的增殖及凋亡的影响,并探讨其可能的相互作用机制。方法:应用MTT比色法检测不同浓度阿霉素、顺铂单独和联合应用对宫颈癌CaSki细胞的增殖抑制作用;同时RT-PCR法在mRNA水平上检测Bcl-2和TNF-α基因表达量的变化。结果:两种药物单独应用均可抑制CaSki细胞的增殖,联合用药(<12μg/mL)时具有协同抑制作用并与各药物单一应用比较具有显著性差异(P<0.05);阿霉素、顺铂作用CaSki细胞后能上调TNF-α基因和下调Bcl-2基因的表达。结论:宫颈癌CaSki细胞在化疗药物阿霉素和顺铂两药联合作用下通过诱导TNF-α和Bcl-2 mRNA表达量的变化发挥协同抑制作用,同时TNF-α的高表达增强了化疗药物阿霉素和顺铂诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡的敏感性,其机制主要与凋亡诱导效应有关。     

化疗损伤性卵巢功能早衰小鼠动物模型的研究

目的探索建立化疗损伤性卵巢功能早衰动物模型的适宜方法及最佳时间。方法以70只ICR雌性小鼠为研究对象,腹腔连续注射顺铂7~14 d,观察不同剂量和时间条件下顺铂对小鼠的体重、卵巢功能、肝肾毒性及卵巢组织抗氧化系统各指标的变化。结果顺铂可引起小鼠体重明显下降,卵巢功能减退,出现肝肾毒性,并可引起卵巢抗氧化及氧化损伤指标的异常,与对照组比较均有明显差异。结论3.0~4.0 mg/(kg.bw)的顺铂作用7 d后即可引起小鼠出现明显的卵巢功能衰退、肝肾损伤,氧化损伤是顺铂产生其毒性作用的可能机制之一。该模型的生殖内分泌和病理组织学变化,与人类化疗损伤性卵巢功能早衰病变过程相似。     

抗癌药顺铂耳毒性机制及防治方法的研究进展

顺铂是目前临床上常用的广谱抗癌药之一,但它具有较强的肾及耳毒性,限制了它的大剂量应用及更好地发挥疗效。对于顺铂的肾毒性,目前已有了较好的防护措施。因此,顺铂耳毒性的产生机制及防护办法就成为当前人们关心的热点。从目前国内外的研究资料来看,在顺铂耳毒性的防护措施方面,虽也找到了一些能显著改善其毒性的药物,但其毒性很可能是多途径作用的结果,因此,应选用不同拮抗机制的多种药物联合应用,以达到最佳的防治效果。     

重组骆驼蓬脂转移蛋白与顺铂联合抑制黑色素瘤B16细胞增殖效应的研究

旨在探讨重组骆驼蓬脂转移蛋白(Recombinant Peganum harmala lipid transfer protein,r Ph LTP)与顺铂(DDP)联用对鼠黑色素瘤B16细胞增殖抑制和凋亡诱导作用。MTT法检测r Ph LTP、顺铂单独及联用后对鼠黑色素瘤B16细胞增殖的影响;流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡,活性氧(Reactive oxygen species,ROS)和线粒体膜电位(Δψm)的变化情况。结果显示,r Ph LTP和DDP联用后细胞生长抑制率和凋亡率显著高于DDP单独处理组(P0.01);而且胞内ROS升高的水平均高于单独处理组(P0.01),胞内Δψm水平均低于单独处理组,但无显著性差异。r Ph LTP可增强顺铂对B16细胞的生长抑制并促进细胞凋亡,与顺铂具有协同作用。     

TRAIL与顺铂联用对人骨肉瘤细胞杀伤作用的实验研究

目的探讨TRAIL与顺铂联合应用对人骨肉瘤细胞的杀伤作用.方法将TRAIL与顺铂单独及联合应用于体外培养的骨肉瘤OS-732细胞,采用MTT法测定细胞抑制率,于倒置相差显微镜、荧光显微镜、扫描及透射电镜下观察细胞的形态学改变及超微结构变化.结果 50ng/ml的TRAIL与5μg/ml顺铂合用于OS-732细胞24小时后,细胞抑制率为84.37%,明显高于单用TRAIL(50μg/ml)时的9.68%及单用顺铂(5μg/ml)时的24.39%(P<0.01).细胞的形态与超微结构观察均显示,合用比单用促凋亡效应更显著.结论 TRAIL与顺铂合用,可高效杀伤人骨肉瘤细胞,此协同作用主要是通过诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡来实现的.     

Role of gestation delay in a plankton-fish model under stochastic fluctuations

The present paper studies a minimal prey-predator model in the context of marine plankton interaction together with predation by planktivorous fish. The time lag required for gestation of the predator is incorporated and the resulting delayed model is analyzed for stability and bifurcation phenomena. A stochastic extension of the model is considered by perturbing the growth process of phytoplankton using colored noise process known to be more appropriate for the marine environment. The stochastic models with and without gestation delay are analyzed for stability aspects and a threshold value of gestation delay is obtained; this threshold is then compared with that of the deterministic model.     

Genetic Polymorphisms Associated with Hearing Threshold Shift in Subjects during First Encounter with Occupational Impulse Noise

Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is the most significant occupational health issue worldwide. We conducted a genome-wide association study to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with hearing threshold shift in young males undergoing their first encounter with occupational impulse noise. We report a significant association of SNP rs7598759 (p < 5 x 10^-7; p = 0.01 after permutation and correction; Odds Ratio = 12.75) in the gene coding for nucleolin, a multifunctional phosphoprotein involved in the control of senescence and protection against apoptosis. Interestingly, nucleolin has been shown to mediate the anti-apoptotic effect of HSP70, a protein found to prevent ototoxicity and whose polymorphisms have been associated with susceptibility to NIHL. Increase in nucleolin expression has also been associated with the prevention of apoptosis in cells undergoing oxidative stress, a well-known metabolic sequela of noise exposure. To assess the potential role of nucleolin in hearing loss, we tested down-regulation of nucleolin in cochlear sensory cells HEI-OC1 under oxidative stress conditions and report increased sensitivity to cisplatin, a chemotherapeutic drug with ototoxic side effects. Additional SNPs were found with suggestive association (p < 5 x 10^-4), of which 7 SNPs were located in genes previously reported to be related to NIHL and 43 of them were observed in 36 other genes previously not reported to be associated with NIHL. Taken together, our GWAS data and in vitro studies reported herein suggest that nucleolin is a potential candidate associated with NIHL in this population.     

Threshold fatigue and information transfer

Neurons in vivo must process sensory information in the presence of significant noise. It is thus plausible to assume that neural systems have developed mechanisms to reduce this noise. Theoretical studies have shown that threshold fatigue (i.e. cumulative increases in the threshold during repetitive firing) could lead to noise reduction at certain frequencies bands and thus improved signal transmission as well as noise increases and decreased signal transmission at other frequencies: a phenomenon called noise shaping. There is, however, no experimental evidence that threshold fatigue actually occurs and, if so, that it will actually lead to noise shaping. We analyzed action potential threshold variability in intracellular recordings in vivo from pyramidal neurons in weakly electric fish and found experimental evidence for threshold fatigue: an increase in instantaneous firing rate was on average accompanied by an increase in action potential threshold. We show that, with a minor modification, the standard Hodgkin–Huxley model can reproduce this phenomenon. We next compared the performance of models with and without threshold fatigue. Our results show that threshold fatigue will lead to a more regular spike train as well as robustness to intrinsic noise via noise shaping. We finally show that the increased/reduced noise levels due to threshold fatigue correspond to decreased/increased information transmission at different frequencies. Action Editor: David Golomb     

Spike-Threshold Adaptation Predicted by Membrane Potential Dynamics In Vivo

Neurons encode information in sequences of spikes, which are triggered when their membrane potential crosses a threshold. In vivo, the spiking threshold displays large variability suggesting that threshold dynamics have a profound influence on how the combined input of a neuron is encoded in the spiking. Threshold variability could be explained by adaptation to the membrane potential. However, it could also be the case that most threshold variability reflects noise and processes other than threshold adaptation. Here, we investigated threshold variation in auditory neurons responses recorded in vivo in barn owls. We found that spike threshold is quantitatively predicted by a model in which the threshold adapts, tracking the membrane potential at a short timescale. As a result, in these neurons, slow voltage fluctuations do not contribute to spiking because they are filtered by threshold adaptation. More importantly, these neurons can only respond to input spikes arriving together on a millisecond timescale. These results demonstrate that fast adaptation to the membrane potential captures spike threshold variability in vivo.     

Ship noise‐induced temporary hearing threshold shift in the Chinese sucker Myxocyprinus asiaticus (Bleeker, 1864)

The study objective was to explore the effects of noise generated by a 2000 hp containership on the reaction of Chinese sucker Myxocyprinus asiaticus. The noise was played back for various durations (1, 2, 4, 8, 24 h) at 142.8 dB re 1 μPa. Immediately after the noise exposure, hearing abilities of the fish were tested using the auditory evoked potential (AEP) protocol and compared with the response to a control group with no noise exposure. After 1 h noise exposure no significant differences were found compared to control fish; however, significant auditory threshold shifts began to occur at 800 Hz after 2 h of noise exposure. After 24 h of noise exposure, significant auditory threshold shifts were found at all tested frequencies (100–3000 Hz) when compared to control fish. Recoveries were also measured until the auditory thresholds returned to the hearing levels of the control fish. Auditory thresholds of all Chinese suckers fully returned to control levels within 96 h of recovery time. The results indicate that ship noise exposure can lead to threshold shifts in Chinese sucker and that these threshold shifts are temporary, referred to as temporary threshold shift (TTS).     

White Noise Masks Some Temporal Parameters of the Auditory Localization of Radially Moving Targets

The temporal parameters of the perception of radially moving sound sources partly masked with broadband internalized noise at an intensity of 40, 46, or 52 dB above the hearing threshold have been studied. The threshold of sound duration necessary for identifying the direction of movement of the sound source (75% correct answers) increases from 135 ms in silence to 285 ms at all intensities of continuous noise studied. The minimum duration of the stimulus beginning with which a subsequent increase in duration does not increase the number of correct responses is the same (385 ms) under all conditions of stimulus presentation. Broadband noise of any intensity increases the time of response to stimuli in the range of durations studied. At a noise of 52 dB, which is close to the threshold of full masking, the reaction time is not increased significantly compared to its estimation at a noise of 46 dB. The minimum duration of the stimulus has proved to be the stablest temporal parameter of the perception of movement of a sound source. Changes in the temporal parameters of sound perception at noise levels close to the threshold of full masking are discussed.     

Role of the Akt/mTOR survival pathway in cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cells

The mechanism of cisplatin resistance in cancer cells is not fully understood. Here, we show that the Akt/mTOR survival pathway plays an important role in cisplatin resistance in human ovarian cancer cells. Specifically, we found that cisplatin treatment activates the Akt/mTOR survival pathway and that inhibition of this pathway by the PI3 K inhibitor LY294002 or knockdown of Akt sensitizes ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin. Furthermore, we generated cisplatin-resistant cells and found that resistant cells express a higher level of activated Akt as compared to their cisplatin sensitive counterparts. Importantly, inhibition of Akt or mTOR sensitized resistant cells to cisplatin-induced apoptosis. Taken together, our data indicate that activation of the Akt/mTOR pathway prevents cisplatin-induced apoptosis, leading to cisplatin resistance. Therefore, our study suggests that cisplatin resistance can be overcome by targeting the Akt/mTOR survival pathway in human ovarian cancer cells.     

Optimum signal in a simple neuronal model with signal-dependent noise

How does the information about a signal in neural threshold crossings depend on the noise acting upon it? Two models are explored, a binary McCulloch and Pitts (threshold exceedance) model and a model of waiting time to exceedance--a discrete-time version of interspike intervals. If noise grows linearly with the signal, we find the best identification of the signal in terms of the Fisher information is for signals that do not reach the threshold in the absence of noise. Identification attains the same precision under weak and strong signals, but the coding range decreases at both extremes of signal level. We compare the results obtained for Fisher information with those using related first and second moment measures. The maximum obtainable information is plotted as a function of the ratio of noise to signal.     

Dynamic changes in hair cell stereocilia and cochlear transduction after noise exposure

The structures of cochlear transduction include stereocilia at the apical surface of hair cells and their connection to the tectorial membrane. The transduction site is one of the loci for noise-induced cochlear damage. Although stereocilia are susceptible to noise, it has been found that in the inner ears of avians, this fragile structure is largely self-repairing and is associated with recovery of hearing sensitivity after noise exposure, as observed in the difference between the temporal threshold shift (TTS) and the permanent threshold shift (PTS). In the mammalian cochleae, however, threshold shifts measured in the auditory brainstem responses (ABR) did not parallel the chronological changes in the stereocilia on hair cells. It is unclear how the morphological recovery of the stereocilia on the mammalian hair cells is correlated with the changes in cochlear transduction that can be assessed by measuring receptor potential. In the present study, guinea pigs were exposed to a broadband noise of 110 dB SPL for 2 h. Auditory sensitivity was evaluated using ABR and cochlear transduction was assessed using cochlear microphonics (CM). Stereocilia morphology was quantified at different time points after the noise and compared with the control. The noise produced a TTS of 55.69 ± 14.13 dB in frequency-averaged ABR thresholds. The threshold shift was reduced to 9.58 ± 11.75 dB SPL 1 month later with virtually no loss of hair cells. Damage to the stereocilia immediately after noise exposure was found to be associated with depression of CM amplitude. Virtually no abnormal stereocilia were observed 1 month after the noise in association with a fully recovered CM.