阿加曲班对急性脑梗死大鼠脑组织细胞凋亡的影响

目的探讨阿加曲班对急性脑梗死大鼠脑组织细胞凋亡数量、caspase-3、Bcl-2和Bax表达的影响。方法建立SD大鼠大脑中动脉缺血(MCAO)模型,将大鼠分为假手术组(Sham组,不插入MCAO拴线)、脑中动脉缺血模型组(MCAO组)和阿加曲班处理组(Argatroban组)。分别选取0、6和12 h共3个时间窗的样本进行检测,TUNEL法细胞凋亡检测试剂盒检测大鼠脑部神经细胞凋亡,Western blot和ELISA法检测大鼠脑部caspase-3、Bax和Bcl-2水平。多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,组间两两比较采用LSD-t检验。结果TUNEL法结果显示,与MCAO组比较,Sham组和Argatroban组在0、6、12 h的细胞凋亡指数均降低[0 h(14.91±4.11)﹪比(2.13±0.58)﹪、(4.22±1.01)﹪;6 h(24.75±3.88)﹪比(3.19±0.28)﹪、(12.14±1.90)﹪;12 h(48.22±2.69)﹪比(5.75±1.21)﹪、(28.45±7.84)﹪,P均<0.05]。ELISA结果显示:与Sham组比较,MCAO组0、6、12 h的大鼠脑组织细胞caspase-3、Bax表达均升高,而Bcl-2表达在6、12 h时升高(P均<0.05);与MCAO组比较,Argatroban组的脑组织细胞caspase-3、Bax表达均降低,而Bcl-2表达在6、12 h时升高[caspase-3表达:0 h(2.32±0.12)比(1.25±0.06)、6 h(5.91±0.60)比(3.26±0.22)、12 h(7.31±0.27)比(6.42±0.18)ng/ml;Bax表达:0 h(0.82±0.08)比(0.45±0.03)、6 h(1.00±0.05)比(0.66±0.04)、12 h(1.56±0.11)比(1.09±0.07)ng/ml;Bcl-2表达:6 h(1.07±0.08)比(1.56±0.05)ng/ml,12 h(0.67±0.08)比(1.45±0.06)ng/ml,P均<0.01]。Western blot结果显示,大鼠脑组织细胞caspase-3、Bax蛋白表达趋势与ELISA结果一致;而Bcl-2蛋白表达在Argatroban组高于Sham组和MCAO组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.01)。结论阿加曲班可通过减少急性脑梗死诱导的大鼠脑组织细胞凋亡、抑制caspase-3和Bax表达,并上调Bcl-2水平而产生神经保护作用。     

针刺对大脑中动脉闭塞大鼠神经功能和细胞凋亡的影响

为了考察针刺对大脑中动脉闭塞大鼠神经功能和细胞凋亡的影响。将60只SD大鼠随机分为3组,假手术组(Sham)、大脑中动脉闭塞模型组(MCAO)和大脑中动脉闭塞模型+针刺组(MCAO+ACU),每组20只。MCAO+ACU组大鼠采用针刺水沟穴、百会穴和大椎穴进行治疗。研究发现,针刺治疗后,MCAO+ACU组的神经损伤评分显著低于MCAO组(1.33 vs 2.62)(p0.05)。TTC染色显示,MCAO+ACU组的梗死面积比例显著低于MCAO组(21.53%vs 35.44%)(p0.05)。TUNEL染色显示,MCAO+ACU组的海马神经细胞凋亡数显著低于MCAO组(62.14 vs 87.46)(p0.05)。Western blotting结果显示,MCAO+ACU组的p-Raf1、p-MEK2和p-ERK1/2蛋白表达水平均显著低于MCAO组(p0.05)。因此,本研究表明针刺的神经保护作用机制可能与抑制Raf1/MEK2/ERK1/2信号通路的活化有关。     

右美托咪定对大鼠不同时间脑缺血再灌注损伤保护作用

为了研究右美托咪定对大鼠不同时间脑缺血再灌注损伤的影响,探讨对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤保护作用的最佳时间,本研究将7～8周的SPF级雄性SD大鼠80只(体质量(120±10) g)随机分为8组(每组10只):假手术组(Sham组)、缺血再灌注损伤(Zea-Longa法MCAO模型)对照组(IR组)、缺血再灌注损伤+生理盐水组(IR+NS组),其余5组为不同时间缺血再灌注损伤+右美托咪定(不同时间IR+Dex组),这5组分别于缺血后10 min、30min、1 h、2h、3 h恢复脑部血流,同时输注浓度为1.0μg/kg的右美托咪定,输注时间均为1 h。于缺血再灌注后分别用平衡木法测定各组大鼠的的运动功能。ELISA检测各组大鼠脑组织中的NF-κB、TNF-α以及炎症因子IL-1β。RT-qPCR检测糖基化终末产物受体(RAGE)和Toll样受体4 (TLR4) mRNA的水平。Sham组大鼠运动功能没有受影响,IR组与IR+NS组大鼠运动功能明显低于IR+Dex组,有极显著性差异(p0.01),但是IR+Dex各组的大鼠运动功能也各有差异:10 min IR+Dex组和30 min IR+Dex组与Sham组并没有统计学差异。1h、2h和3 h IR+Dex组大鼠的运动功能与严重下降。IR组与IR+NS组RAGE和TLR4mRNA表达均显著高于Sham组和IR+Dex各组(p0.05),而IR+Dex各组中,缺血再灌注损伤时间越长,表达越高(p0.05)。IR组、IR+NS组和IR+Dex各组大鼠血清NF-κB、TNF-α和IL-1β水平均显著高于Sham组,但IR+Dex各组NF-κB、TNF-α和IL-1β的水平显著低于IR组、IR+NS组(p0.05)。本研究表明,右美托咪定对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤具有保护作用,但受时间限制,脑缺血再灌注损伤的时间越长,其保护作用越弱。     

早期跑步运动对大鼠脑缺血/再灌注损伤后神经行为与神经元凋亡的影响

目的: 探讨早期跑步运动对大鼠脑缺血后神经行为与神经元凋亡的影响。方法:雄性SD大鼠随机分为4组:假手术+安静组(Sham-St、假手术+运动组(Sham-Ex)、缺血(大脑中动脉闭塞(MCAO) +运动组((MCAO -Ex)和缺血+安静组(MCAO-St),每组15只。MCAO-Ex 和 MCAO-St 组大鼠行MCAO 60 min,再灌注2 d后,MCAO-Ex 和Sham-Ex大鼠在跑步机上进行5 d的30 min/d跑步运动(15 m/min),之后进行神经行为学评价,最后大鼠断头取脑进行TTC方法染色,评估各组大鼠梗死体积以及缺血半影Caspase-3和TUNEL阳性细胞表达水平。结果:与Sham-St相比,MCAO-St和MCAO-Ex大鼠缺血半影区Caspase-3表达均显著升高 (P＜0.05);与MCAO-St 组大鼠相比,MCAO-Ex组大鼠脑梗死体积明显减少,大鼠神经功能评分明显改善,大鼠缺血半影区Caspase-3和TUNEL阳性细胞表达水平显著降低 (P＜0.05)。结论: 早期运动可能通过抑制大鼠脑缺血后神经元凋亡发挥神经保护作用。     

高压氧预处理对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及对其海马BDNF和GDNF基因表达的影响

目的:探讨高压氧预处理(Hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning, HBO-PC)对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及对其海马脑源性神经营养因子(brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF)、胶质细胞源性神经营养因子(glialcellline-derivedneurotrophicfactor,GDNF)基因表达的影响。方法:将32只SD雄性大鼠随机分为对照组(Sham组)、高压氧对照组(HBO组)、模型组(MCAO组)、高压氧预处理+模型组(HBO+MCAO组),对HBO组和HBO+MCAO组连续给予高压氧预处理5天,随后对MCAO组和HBO+MCAO组进行右侧颈内动脉栓线术,建立大脑中动脉闭塞(middle cerebral artery occlusion, MCAO)模型,其他两组行假手术,于术后第7天对各组大鼠进行Morris水迷宫行为学检测和神经功能评分,检测结束后处死大鼠,进行神经功能缺损评分及氯化三苯基四氮唑(2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride, TTC)染色;通过蛋白免疫印迹法(Western Blot)检测大鼠海马组织BDNF和GDNF的基因表达情况。结果:(1)神经功能评分提示:Sham组和HBO组均未出现神经功能障碍,MCAO组大鼠出现明显的神经功能障碍,MCAO+HBO组神经功能评分明显高于MCAO组(P0.05)。(2)TTC检测提示:Sham组和HBO组脑组织损伤一侧均未出现梗死灶,MCAO组出现较大的梗死面积比(25.45±8.75)%,MCAO+HBO组的梗死面积比(18.84±10.55)显著小于MCAO组,差异具有统计学意义(P 0.05)。(3)Western Blot检测显示:MCAO组BDNF与GDNF基因表达水平显著低于Sham组和HBO组,差异具有统计学意义(P 0.05),而MCAO+HBO组可以逆转这一效应,差异具有统计学意义(P 0.05)。结论:高压氧预处理可以通过调节BDNF、GDNF基因表达,改善MCAO模型大鼠神经功能和认知水平,发挥神经保护作用。     

天麻素对脑缺血再灌注小鼠海马新生神经元的保护作用

目的:探讨不同剂量天麻素(Gastrodin,GAS)对缺血再灌注模型小鼠海马新生神经元的保护作用及其可能机制。方法:将50只C57BL/6小鼠随机分为假手术组(Sham)、模型组(MCAO+Vehicle)、模型+天麻素低剂量(10 mg/kg)组(MCAO+GAS(L)),模型+天麻素中剂量(50 mg/kg)组(MCAO+GAS(M)),模型+天麻素高剂量(100 mg/kg)组(MCAO+GAS(H))。除Sham组接受假手术外(皮肤切开,分离颈动脉),分别对MCAO组及MCAO+GAS各组行右侧颈内动脉栓线术,造成并保持大脑中动脉闭塞(MCAO)1 h。术后,Sham组和MCAO组即刻腹腔注射生理盐水(0.1 m L/kg),MCAO+GAS各组注射不同剂量天麻素,每24小时重复给药1次,连续7天。最后一次注射24 h后,对各组小鼠的神经功能进行评分,之后处死动物取脑组织,通过HE、免疫荧光染色以及Western Blot观察和比较各组小鼠海马形态学和DCX的表达水平。结果:(1)术后第7天,MCAO+Vehicle组小鼠神经功能评分(3.2±0.63)显著高于假手术组、MCAO+GAS(M)(1.8±0.63)和MCAO+GAS(H)组(P0.05)。(2)术后第7天,与假手术组相比较,MCAO+vehicle组海马颗粒细胞排列不规则,核稍大且固缩深染,齿状回部有较多空洞;与MCAO+vehicle组比较,MCAO+GAS(H)组海马空洞样改变减少,细胞排列较整齐,胞膜较完整,核结构较清晰。(3)术后第7天,与假手术组相比较,DCX染色阳性细胞数显著减少,而MCAO+GAS(M)组DCX染色阳性细胞数(183±64.5)和MCAO+GAS(H)组DCX染色阳性细胞数(195±93.68)显著高于MCAO+Vehicle组。MCAO+Vehicle组海马的DCX表达水平显著低于假手术组及MCAO+GAS(M)组和GAS(H)组(P0.01)。结论:天麻素可能通过上调海马DCX的表达水平,调节海马神经发生,进而对缺血性脑卒中后再灌注发挥神经保护作用。     

甘草查尔酮A对局灶性脑缺血再灌注小鼠Nrf2/HO-1信号通路和神经炎症反应的影响

目的:探讨甘草查尔酮A对局灶性脑缺血再灌注小鼠Nrf2/HO-1信号通路和神经炎症反应的影响。方法:体重23~25 g的雄性C57BL/6小鼠总计96只,随机分为4组(n=24):假手术对照组(Sham组)、脑缺血再灌注组(MCAO组)、溶剂组(Vehicle组)、甘草查尔酮A组(LA组)。采用大脑中动脉栓塞(MCAO)模型致大鼠脑缺血损伤。72 h后行神经功能学评分,2,3,5-三苯基氯化铵(TTC)染色检测脑梗死体积,Western blot法检测脑Nrf2、HO-1、TNF-α、IL-6蛋白表达水平,TUNEL染色法检测凋亡细胞数。结果:与Sham组比较,MCAO组和Vehicle组小鼠神经功能评分明显降低(P0.05),脑梗死体积显著增加(P0.05),而核蛋白Nrf2和胞浆蛋白HO-1蛋白表达水平较低(P0.05),炎症因子IL-6和TNF-α表达水平明显增加(P0.05),脑实质炎性细胞浸润显著增多(P0.05);与MCAO组和Vehicle组比较,LA组小鼠神经功能评分明显增加(P0.05),脑梗死体积显著减少(P0.05),而核蛋白Nrf2和胞浆蛋白HO-1蛋白表达水平更高(P0.05),炎症因子IL-6和TNF-α表达水平明显减少(P0.05),脑实质炎性细胞浸润明显减少(P0.05)。结论:甘草查尔酮A可缓解脑缺血再灌注损伤后出现的神经炎症反应及细胞凋亡,进而减轻神经功能障碍和脑梗死体积,其机制可能与激活Nrf2/HO-1信号通路相关。     

Orexin-A对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的:研究orexin-A对缺血再灌注大鼠脑损伤的保护作用。方法:取成年雄性大鼠6只,观察MCAO前和MCAO后2 h、24h的生理学参数,界定后续指标参考时间。另取20只大鼠随机分为MCAO组、vehicle组、orexin-A 50μg/kg组和orexin-A 100μg/kg组(n=5),于缺血再灌注24 h后评估大鼠神经功能学评分和脑梗死容积。再取60只大鼠同样分成4组,(各组n=15),每组在术前、手术后6 h、24 h(各时间点n=5)取脑组织匀浆离心,检测上清液中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)和丙二醛(MDA)的含量。结果:(1)大鼠MCAO术前、术后2 h、24 h生理参数比较无统计学意义(P0.05),提示脑保护参考指标在MCAO后24 h内不受影响。(2)与MCAO组、vehicle组相比,orexin-A 50和100μg/kg降低神经功能评分(P0.05)且梗死容积缩小(P0.05);术前、术后6 h和术后24 h,脑匀浆中GSH-PX活性升高,MDA含量降低(P0.05)。结论:Orexin-A可能通过降低脑内自由基水平,控制脂质过氧化物酶从而对脑缺血再灌注损伤起保护作用。     

黑升麻提取物对去势大鼠体温的影响

目的:观察黑升麻提取物对去势大鼠体温的影响。方法:雌性Sprague-Dawley(SD)大鼠30只,随机分为假手术(Sham)组、去势(OVX)组及去势后黑升麻提取物治疗(OVX+BC)组,每组10只。使用相应药物分别治疗并监测体温8周。结果:1与Sham组比较,OVX组及OVX+BC组大鼠的平均体温明显升高(P0.05);2与OVX组比较,OVX+BC组大鼠的平均体温明显减低(P0.05)。结论:大鼠去势后会出现体温升高。黑升麻提取物可以使去卵巢大鼠体温下降,达到缓解围绝经期潮热症状的目的。     

电针预处理促进缺血再灌注后GSK-3β磷酸化诱导脑缺血耐受效应

目的:探索糖原合成激酶3β(GSK-3β)在电针预处理诱导的脑缺血再灌损伤保护中的作用.方法:60只雄性SD大鼠随机分成5组(n=12):假手术(Sham)、大脑中动脉栓塞组(MCAO)、电针预处理组(EA)、电针预处理加LY294002组(EA+LY)、电针预处理加溶剂组(vehicle);通过梗死面积及Garcia评分评价脑损伤程度,通过Western Blot检测GSK-3β活性.结果:与MCAO组相比,EA组梗死容积减少,Garcia评分改善(P＜0.05);与vehicle组相比,EA+LY组梗死容积增加,Garcia评分降低(P＜0.05);与MCAO组相比再灌注后2小时EA组GSK-3β磷酸化水平升高(P＜0.05);与EA组相比EA+LY组GSK-3β3磷酸化水平降低(P＜0.05).结论:电针预处理通过促进缺血再灌注后GSK-3β的磷酸化发挥脑保护作用.     

甘珀酸干预对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的影响

目的观察缝隙连接阻断剂甘珀酸对局灶性脑缺血/再灌注损伤的影响。方法采用大鼠大脑中动脉阻塞再灌流模型（MCAO）,将动物随机分为脑缺血60min再灌注（MCAO）组,脑缺血再灌注加甘珀酸干预（MCAO＋CBX）组和假手术组（sham）。采用尼氏染色显示脑梗死灶并计算梗死灶体积;应用免疫荧光与TUNEL染色法分别观察脑缺血后3d与7d不同时间点缺血边缘区胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）的表达和细胞凋亡情况。结果（1）缺血后3d、7d MCAO＋CBX组大鼠梗死体积小于MCAO组,3d、7d MCAO＋CBX组大鼠梗死体积较MCAO组分别缩小5%和4.6%;（2）缺血后3d、7d于缺血边缘区可见大量TUNEL阳性染色细胞,且MCAO组大鼠缺血边缘区细胞凋亡数目明显多于MCAO＋CBX大鼠（P〈0.001）;（3）缺血后3d和7d组缺血边缘区GFAP表达明显增强,3d的MCAO组与MCAO＋CBX组大鼠缺血边缘区GFAP的表达均较假手术组强（P〈0.05）,7d的MCAO＋CBX组大鼠缺血边缘区GFAP的表达较假手术组强（P〈0.001）,但明显弱于MCAO组大鼠（P〈0.01）;结论缝隙连接阻断剂甘珀酸可减少大鼠大脑中动脉阻塞后脑梗死体积,其机制可能与阻断缝隙连接后缺血边缘区神经元凋亡降低有关,星型胶质细胞的反应性变化参与了该过程。     

Enalapril in subantihypertensive dosage attenuates kidney proliferation and functional recovery in normotensive ablation nephropathy of the rat

Most studies on the antiproliferative action of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) were performed in a rat hypertensive remnant kidney model with 5/6 kidney ablation which raised objections about the antihypertensive effect of ACEI and the influence of other antihypertensive drugs administered to remnant kidney control rats. To prevent these objections, a normotensive 4/6 remnant kidney model was elaborated and a subantihypertensive dosage of enalapril was used to evaluate its antiproliferative action. Subtotally nephrectomized rats (Nx) markedly increased the remnant kidney weight during a 4-week period and this rise was prevented by the treatment with enalapril (NxE) (Nx +297+/-35 mg vs. sham-operated +145+/-32 mg, p<0.001; NxE +154+/-35 mg vs. Nx p<0.001). While collagen concentration in the kidney cortex was not increased in sham-operated rats (Sham) in comparison with the control group (Ctrl) at the beginning of the study, the subsequent increase was significant in the Nx group and enalapril did not attenuate this increase (Sham 148+/-5 mg/100 g w.w. vs. Nx 164+/-2 mg/100 g w.w., p<0.01; NxE 161+/-4 mg/100 g w.w. vs. Sham p<0.05). The tubular protein/DNA ratio increase, which was significant in the Nx group, was inhibited by enalapril (Nx 26.2+/-10.5 vs. NxE 15.3+/-2.6, p<0.05). The protein/DNA ratio was much lower in glomeruli, with no significant changes in either the Nx or NxE groups. Serum urea concentrations were slightly higher in the Nx group than in the sham-operated group, but markedly elevated in the NxE group (Nx 10.71+/-0.76 mmol/l vs. Sham 6.10+/-0.33 mmol/l, p<0.001; NxE 28.9+/-2.6 mmol/l vs. Sham p<0.001). Creatinine concentrations in the Nx group were increased in comparison with the sham-operated group and markedly increased in the NxE group (Nx 63.7+/-3.56 micromol/l vs. Sham 37.2+/-2.84 micromol/l, p<0.001; NxE 107.0+/-5.2 micromol/l vs. Sham p<0.001). The clearance of creatinine was lower in the Nx group than in the sham-operated group and was markedly reduced in the NxE group (Nx 0.89+/-0.06 ml/min.g kidney wt. vs. Sham 1.05+/-0.16 ml/min x g kidney wt., p<0.01; NxE 0.58+/-0.029 ml/min x g kidney wt. vs. Sham, p<0.001). Enalapril improved proteinuria in comparison with the Nx group (NxE 5.6+/-0.6 mg/24 h vs. Nx 16.1+/-3.4 mg/24 h, p<0.05). Thus remnant kidney proliferation is substantial even in normotensive rats. It includes both proliferation and collagen accumulation with partial recovery of kidney weight and function, but is accompanied by enhanced proteinuria. Enalapril attenuates the proliferation and decreases proteinuria but prolongs kidney function recovery.     

Remote Limb Ischemic Preconditioning Protects Rats Against Cerebral Ischemia via HIF-1α/AMPK/HSP70 Pathway

Remote limb ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) is a clinically feasible strategy to protect against ischemia/reperfusion injury, but the knowledge concerning the mechanism underlying RIPC is scarce. This study was performed to examine the effect of RIPC on brain tissue suffering from ischemia challenge and explore its underlying mechanism in a rat model. The animals were divided into four groups: Sham, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), RIPC, and MCAO+RIPC. We found that previous exposure to RIPC significantly attenuated neurological dysfunction and lessened brain edema in MCAO+RIPC group. Moreover, other important events were observed in MCAO+RIPC group, including substantial decrements in the concentrations of oxidative response indicators [malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and protein carbonyl], significant reductions in levels of inflammation mediators [myeloperoxidase (MPO), tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-6], and significant decline in neuronal apoptosis revealed by a smaller number of TUNEL-positive cells. Interestingly, both MCAO and RIPC groups exhibited meaningful elevations in the levels of HIF-1a, HSP70, and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) compared to Sham group, and previous exposure to RIPC further elevated the levels of HIF-1a, HSP70, and AMPK in MCAO+RIPC group. Furthermore, the administration of YC-1 (HIF-1 inhibitor), 8-bAMP (AMPK inhibitor), and Quercetin (HSP70 inhibitor) to MCAO+RIPC rats demonstrated that HIF-1α/AMPK/HSP70 was involved in RIPC-mediated protection against cerebral ischemia.     

阿加曲班用于肝素相关性血小板减少症患者PCI 术抗凝治疗1 例 并文献复习

目的:探讨肝素相关性血小板减少症(heparin-induced thrombocytopenia,HIT)患者行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(percutaneoustransluminal coronary intervention,PCI)术中及术后使用阿加曲班进行抗凝的效果及安全性。方法:报道并回顾性分析阿加曲班用于肝素相关性血小板减少症患者PCI术一例并进行文献复习。结果:患者女性,55岁,皮下注射低分子肝素4天后血小板由140×109/L下降为17×109/L,患者出现牙龈出血、左前臂出现瘀斑,诊断为HIT。行冠状动脉支架植入术术中及术后使用阿加曲班抗凝,未出现出血及血栓事件。结论:肝素相关性血小板减少症患者行PCI术,术中及术后采用阿加曲班进行抗凝治疗是有效安全的。     

血红素加氧酶-1对急性重症胰腺炎相关肺损伤TLR4/NF-κB通路的影响

目的:探讨血红素加氧酶-1(HO-1)对急性重症胰腺炎相关肺损伤(PALI)Toll样受体-4(TLR4)/核因子-κB(NF-κB)信号传导通路的影响。方法:32只SD大鼠随机分为Sham组、PALI组、HO-1促进剂组、HO-1抑制剂组,每组8只。PALI组经胆胰管注入牛磺胆酸钠制备急性重症胰腺炎(ANP)动物模型。Sham组胆胰管内不注入牛磺胆酸钠,其余操作同PALI组。HO-1促进剂组于造模后30 min经腹腔注射牛血晶素75μg/kg;HO-1抑制剂组于造模后30 min经腹腔注射锌-原卟啉20μmol/kg。PALI组和Sham组均于造模后30 min经腹腔注射等量生理盐水。各组大鼠术后24 h,进行肺损伤学评分,统计肺湿/干重比值。检测大鼠术后24 h血清淀粉酶、TNF-α、IL-6、NGAL水平。检测大鼠术后24 h肺组织中TLR4、NF-κB p65蛋白表达。结果:PALI组肺损伤学评分、肺湿/干重比值、淀粉酶、TNF-α、IL-6、NGAL、TLR4、NF-κB p65明显高于Sham组;HO-1促进剂组肺损伤学评分、肺湿/干重比值、淀粉酶、TNF-α、IL-6、NGAL、TLR4、NF-κB p65明显低于PALI组;HO-1抑制剂组肺损伤学评分、肺湿/干重比值、淀粉酶、TNF-α、IL-6、NGAL、TLR4、NF-κBp65明显高于PALI组;差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:HO-1能够通过抑制TLR4/NF-κB信号通路的激活,下调TNF-α、IL-6、NGAL等炎症因子的释放,从而发挥减轻急性重症胰腺炎相关肺损伤的作用。     

Effect of combined therapy with hyperbaric oxygen and antioxidant on infarct volume after permanent focal cerebral ischemia

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficiency of combination of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) and an antioxidant on permanent focal cerebral ischemia. Male Wistar rats underwent permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Then, animals were randomly assigned to one of four groups: the control group (n=9) received no treatment, HBO group (n=9) was treated for 90 min at 2.5 absolute atmosphere for 3 days, the U-74389G group (n=8) received single U-74389G injection (3 mg/kg), the HBO + U-74389G group (n=8) received both HBO and U-74389G treatments. Treatments were initiated within the first 10 min after MCAO. After 3 days, the infarct volumes in rat brains were measured. The infarct ratios were 25.6+/-6.5 % for the control group, 21.9+/-6.4 % for the HBO group, 15.7+/-5.7 % for U-74389G group and 12.5+/-3.8 % for HBO + U74389G group. The infarct volumes were significantly reduced in rats treated with U-74389G (p<0.05) and combination therapy (p<0.05). HBO failed to reduce infarct volume significantly. We concluded that 1) U-74389G is more beneficial than HBO on permanent MCAO in rats, and 2) a combined therapy failed to significantly improve infarct volume more than either single treatment.     

金雀异黄素对大鼠氧化应激损伤的保护作用研究

目的观察金雀异黄素(又称染料木黄酮,genistein,Gen)对β淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)致大鼠氧化应激损伤的保护作用。方法 30只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组和Gen干预组,每组10只。Gen组灌胃剂量为30 mg/(kg.d),假手术组和模型组灌胃等量的0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠。连续灌胃14 d后,模型组和Gen组大鼠双侧海马CA1区注射Aβ25-35,假手术组注射等量生理盐水,于术后7 d,生物化学方法检测脑组织中SOD、GSH-Px、MDA的活性或含量,HE染色观察大鼠海马的形态学改变。结果 (1)与假手术组比较,模型组脑组织SOD及GSH-Px活力明显降低,MDA含量明显升高(P0.01),而Gen组脑组织SOD及GSH-Px活力较模型组升高,MDA含量较模型组降低(P0.05)。(2)假手术组HE染色可见大鼠海马锥体细胞排列整齐、均匀,细胞结构完整,形态正常;模型组可见海马锥体细胞脱失、排列紊乱,结构不清,部分胞核固缩、深染;Gen组海马锥体细胞排列较整齐、均匀,结构尚清晰,形态基本正常。结论 Gen能保护海马神经细胞免受Aβ的损伤,这种作用可能与改善机体氧化还原状态,提高抗氧化水平有关。     

热休克蛋白A5介导的自噬在小鼠脑缺血/再灌注损伤中的作用

目的：探讨热休克蛋白A5（HSPA5）诱导的自噬在小鼠脑缺血/再灌注损伤中的作用。方法：将36只BALB/c小鼠随机分为sham、缺血再灌注（I/R）、vehicle + I/R、3-甲基腺嘌呤（3-MA） + I/R、scramble siRNA + I/R和HSPA5 siRNA + I/R组（n=6）。Sham组只进行手术操作,不插入线栓。I/R采用大脑中动脉阻塞（MCAO）60 min后再灌注24 h。Vehicle + I/R组和3-MA + I/R将5μl 0.9% NaCl或3-MA （30 mg/ml）在MCAO前30 min侧脑室注射。scramble siRNA + I/R组和HSPA5 siRNA + I/R组将5μl scramble siRNA或HSPA5 siRNA （2μg/μl）在MCAO前24 h侧脑室注射。检测神经细胞内自噬体、缺血大脑皮层（LC3）-Ⅱ/LC3-I表达、神经元损伤程度及神经功能缺损。结果：显微镜下sham组小鼠大脑皮层神经细胞形态正常;I/R组小鼠缺血大脑皮层神经元胞质中细胞器减少,自噬体形成。与sham组比较,I/R组缺血大脑皮层LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-I蛋白表达水平显著增高（P < 0.05）;与I/R组相比,3-MA + I/R组或HSPA5 siRNA + I/R组缺血大脑皮层LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-I蛋白表达明显减少（P < 0.05）;3-MA + I/R组及HSPA5 siR-NA + I/R组I/R后脑缺血性损伤及神经系统症状加重（P < 0.05）。结论：HSPA5诱导自噬可能在小鼠局灶性I/R损伤中发挥保护作用。