豌豆叶绿化期间胞质体的光合偶联因子复合物

叶肉组织在光照绿化期间,有关光合能量转换系统的结构形成和功能发生之间的关系早已为人注意。七十年代末,提出叶绿体偶联因子复合物概念后,这种复合物的分离纯化和亚单位结构功能的研究甚为活跃,但在叶肉组织绿化过程中,这种复合物的亚单位和功能发生之间的情况,尚未见有人报告。我们利用控制光照时间培育了绿苗、黄化绿苗和黄化苗,制备出各自的胞质体,从中分离和部分纯化出它们的偶联因子复合物,比较了它们的异同。一、豌豆叶绿体和黄化叶绿体的光合磷酸化和交换反应活性比较豌豆种籽萌芽后经人工光照(每日光照16小时,黑暗8小时)两天后,进行黑暗处理六天,从这种黄化绿苗提出黄化叶绿体,对照则是正常绿苗所制备的叶绿体。两种胞质体的光     

6-苄氨基嘌呤对叶绿体偶联因子功能的影响

可溶性偶联因子经6-BA修饰后,明显促进Mg~(2 )-ATPase活力。从6-BA处理的叶绿体上洗脱下来的偶联因子,其Mg~(2 )-及Ca~(2 )-ATP酶活力都比对照有明显的增加。从~3H-6BA处理叶绿体上洗脱下来的偶联因子等蛋白,经聚丙烯酰胺电泳分析,~3H-6BA除与偶联因子结合外,还与RuBP羧化酶及其他蛋白结合。用6-BA处理提纯的β亚单位,能明显促进其Mg~(2 )-ATPase活力,表明6-BA至少有一个结合位点是在CF_1的β亚单位上并可影响其能量转换反应。     

NaCl及KCl对叶绿体膜上偶联因子腺三磷酶活力的调节

在不外加Mg~(2 )的条件下,激活液中加入30 mMNaCl或15 mM KCl,能促进叶绿体膜上偶联因子的腺三磷酶活力。其促进程度与叶绿素浓度、反应底物ATP浓度及DTT的存在有关。但此促进现象可被加入低浓度的EDTA所消除,NaCl及KCl可将叶绿体内含有的内源或结合态的Mg~(2 )释放出来,有活化腺三磷酶的作用。     

醋酸酐对叶绿体偶联因子的化学修饰效应

醋酸酐处理叶绿体导致与偶联因子有关的部分反应不可逆的失活,这些反应包括偶联的电子传递、光合磷酸化、膜上腺三磷酶活性、~(32)P?ATP交换和质子吸收。低浓度醋酸酐处理叶绿体,只抑制偶联的电子传递而不影响基础电子传递,表明能量转换的偶联机构对醋酸酐的化学作用更为敏感。膜上偶联因子在合成、水解和交换腺三磷的能力上,均因醋酸酐的作用而减弱。偶联因子中具有这些能力的活性部位可能就是醋酸酐的作用靶子。利用在不同pH的反应介质中测最大反应速度而求出参与酶活性中心的氨基酸pK估计值的方法,认为醋酸酐可能修饰了膜上偶联因子活性部位的氨基残基。     

金霉素促进光合磷酸化机理的再探

在叶绿体经TPCK—trypsin光下修饰后,电子传递加速、磷酸化解联、膜上偶联因子Mg~(2+)—ATP酶活力促进的条件下,用金霉素处理叶绿体,能降低TPCK—trypsin 对磷酸化的解联程度,部分降低膜上Mg~(2+)—ATP酶的激活。在NEM及TPCK—trypsin共同存在时,金霉素处理仍能部分恢复磷酸化活力。进一步证明了金霉素是作用在偶联因子上的γ亚单位或其邻近部位,使之减少能量耗散而提高磷酸化活力.     

氯丁唑和咪唑对叶绿体能量转换反应的效应

比较了氯丁唑和咪唑对叶绿体能量转换各步骤反应的效应,氯丁唑抑制光合基础的和偶联的电子传递,氯化铵可部分解除偶联的电子传递的抑制;咪唑促进基础电子传递。两者均抑制光合磷酸化、9-氨基吖啶荧光猝灭和膜上腺三磷酶活性。氯丁唑抑制质子吸收,促进游离腺三磷酶活;咪唑促进质子吸收,也促进游离腺三磷酶的活性。由此提出,氯丁唑具有能量传递抑制剂的特征,咪唑似解联剂。     

叶片预照光对光合磷酸化和电子传递偶联效率的促进作用

菠菜叶片经预照光处理后提取的叶绿体,不但光合磷酸化活力增加,而且偶联效率P/O也提高,其提高P/O的作用与多粘菌素的作用不能叠加,叶片预照光可能通过使偶联因子产生漏能减少的变构而提高p/O的。用两阶段光合磷酸化法测得叶片预照光,在促进光合磷酸化时也能促进高能态积累。用CF_1抗体,NEM和五羟黄酮等处理叶绿体的研究表明,叶片预照光引起CF_1的构象变化——γ,亚单位上的SH基内埋而α.β亚单位上的催化中心却更加暴露。活体中的P/O值也许会比一般离体的高。     

热预处理菠菜叶绿体的能量转换特征

经热预处理（湿度为２５－４５℃,部分实验为２０－３６℃,时间为５－１０min)的菠菜（Ｓpinacia oleracea L.)叶绿体。严重影响其能量转换的各步反应。（１）循环光合磷酸化速率随处理温度而下降。（２）类囊体膜上腺三磷酶失活。（３）光照诱导叶绿体的质子吸收减小;叶绿体的９－氨基吖啶（９－ＡＡ）荧光猝灭减弱,但加二环己基磷二亚胺（ＤＣ－ＣＤ）可以部分恢复９－ＡＡ荧光猝死。（４）叶绿体的延迟发光和△Ａ５１５nm电色效应均出现明显变化。（５）免疫印迹反应结果表明,经４５℃预处理叶绿体的膜上腺三磷酶出现解离,其α亚单位的蛋白量明显减少。（６）预处理温度超过３３℃,叶绿体光系统Ⅰ介导的氧吸收速率也下降,在反应介质中加芥子碱可以部分恢复其氧吸收能力,就这些结果与膜透性变化、耦联因子复合物解离和自由基积累的关系进行了讨论。     

叶绿体腺三磷酶中色氨酸残基的修饰与性质的研究

利用Ｎ－溴代琥珀酰亚胺化学修饰叶绿体腺三磷酶,测得该该酶含３．５个色氨酸残基,其中２个色氨酸残基与酶活性有关。光氧化腺三磷酶伴随吸氧量增加,酶活性逐渐降低,经ＮＢＳ修饰或光氧化的腺三磷酶,其免疫抗原减弱。表明腺三磷酶中色氨酸基参与酶的活性和抗原性。     

草甘膦对叶绿体能量转换的影响

除草剂草甘膦抑制植物叶绿体光合磷酸化活力,促进希尔反应活力,表现出明显的解偶联效应。它对叶绿体膜上腺三磷酶(ATPase)活力也起抑制效应,说明ATP合成被抑制不是由ATP酶活力变化所引起。这种解偶联现象主要是因光下质子转移受到抑制,在较低浓度的草甘膦影响下,先抑制质醌转移的质子进入膜内腔,浓度增加到20 mM,对水释放质子也有抑制。所以草甘膦对叶绿体能量转换的影响主要反映在质子转移被抑制,引起磷酸化活力受抑制。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细