我国狼蛛属3新种（蜘蛛目：狼蛛科）

记述我国南方狼蛛属3新种,定名为:王氏狼蛛Lycosa wangi sp.nov.,宜章狼蛛Lycosa yizhangensis sp.nov.和云南狼蛛Lycosa yunnanensis sp.nov.。     

我国狼蛛属1新种（蜘蛛目：狼蛛科）

报道采自湖北丹江的狼蛛1新种,即丹江狼蛛Lycosa danjiangensis sp.nov.。     

中国狼蛛科的系统发育

运用分支分析法,采用支序分析软件Phylip程序,以盗蛛科和褛网蛛科为外群,从形态、生态等方面选取了18个特征对中国狼蛛11个属(脉狼蛛属未在其列)进行支序分析。分析结果表明,马蛛亚科(包括马蛛属和水狼蛛属)最为原始,潮浪蛛亚科次之;熊蛛属和獾蛛属构成的分支更次,狼蛛亚科和豹蛛亚科构成姊妹群最为进化。所以潮浪蛛属、熊蛛属和獾蛛属应分别从狼蛛亚科中独立出来,皆自成亚科,分别名潮浪蛛亚科和獾蛛亚科。     

狼蛛,蟹蛛和跳蛛

狼蛛、蟹蛛和跳蛛分别是蜘蛛目中三个科的蜘蛛的通称。这三类蜘蛛包括了我们日常见到的游猎型蜘蛛的大部分种类,它们在帮助人类消灭害虫中所起作用也较大,所以作为动物学教学中的例子加以介绍。 (一)狼蛛狼蛛在地面或植物上疾驰,凶狠如狼,故名。体长3-25毫米,但多数种类在5-8毫米间。体色多黄褐色,不鲜艳。8眼,排成三列。前列4个小眼,中、后两列各2个眼,较大;后列两眼的间距稍大于中列两眼的间距(图1左)。卵袋扁球形,由两片半圆形丝膜缝合而成。卵袋挂在母蛛腹部后端的纺器上,由母蛛随身携带。幼蛛孵出后不分散,而是爬伏在母蛛腹部     

陕西省獾蛛及水狼蛛初报

獾蛛属 Trochosa Koch 及水狼蛛属 Pirata Sundevall是狼蛛科中较小的属。几年来,我们在秦岭山区采到獾蛛属1种,水狼蛛属3种,其中有二种经研究后认为是新种,现报道于下。模式标本存陕西师大生物系无脊椎动物标本室。     

中国狼蛛科娲蛛属(娲蛛亚科)分类地位的探讨

采用DNA测序方法,获得了中国狼蛛科Lycosidae4亚科6属26种mtDNA-16S rRNA基因的部分序列,比较来自北美狼蛛科豹蛛属2种豹蛛的同一基因序列,并选取漏斗蛛科1种蜘蛛作为外群,采用Bayesian方法和最大简约法(MP)构建分子系统树.两种建树方法均支持娲蛛属和豹蛛属形成一大的单系;这一结果与现行狼蛛科传统分类体系中娲蛛属的分类地位有差别.据此,作者认为:娲蛛属和豹蛛属可以归为同一个分类亚单位.狼蛛科6属间的分子系统关系为(Rirata(Hippasa(Trochsa Arctosa(Pardosa Wadicosa)))).     

农田狼蛛亚群落结构的研究

本文对南宁市郊农田九种生境狼蛛亚群落结构进行了讨论。群落有7属37种狼蛛。文中揭示了农田各生境区间狼蛛亚群落的主要成分及其主要属性差异的原因。以狼蛛类群为指示动物,用群落相似性比例和聚类分析法,能较好地区分幼豹蛛(Pardosa pusiola)与奇异獾蛛(Trochosa ruricola)和拟环纹豹蛛(Pardosa pseudoannulata)与拟水狼蛛(Pirata subpiraticus)是构成农田区旱地和水田生境型具有代表性的两个狼蛛亚群落主要成分。     

中国水狼蛛属一新纪录种(蜘蛛目:狼蛛科)

记述了采自内蒙古锡林郭勒盟的水狼蛛属Pirata一新纪录种,盗水狼蛛Pirata praedo Kulczyński,1885。提供了该种外生殖器手绘图和显微照片,同时也给出了其近似种——真水狼蛛Pirata piraticus(Clerck,1757)的显微照片。标本现保存于西南大学生命科学学院。     

狼蛛科蜘蛛的繁殖行为

根据国内外研究进展,对狼蛛科蜘蛛的繁殖行为进行了简要综述,内容涉及狼蛛科蜘蛛的求偶、交配、产卵和携卵、携幼等4方面的行为研究。     

我国水狼蛛属二新种及一新纪录种(蜘蛛目:狼蛛科)

水狼蛛属Pirata是以需要水分为其生境特征的一类蜘蛛。目前,全世界共记录了该属蜘蛛约86种,其中我国报道了13种。近年来,作者对我国水狼蛛进行系统整理时,发现了二新种与一新纪录种。 小齿水狼蛛,新种Pirata denticulata sp. nov. (图1—6)     

广西金钟山鸟类保护区鸟类多样性初步研究

本文共记录到金钟山鸟类274种,分别隶属于18目57科,其中陆生鸟类251种,水鸟23种;以留鸟为主,共157种;候鸟、旅鸟分别为104种、13种;东洋种为优势类群,共有171种,古北种和广布种分别为4种、27种。这些鸟类中有国家重点保护鸟类39种,中国特有种鸟类3种,列入世界自然保护联盟红皮书名录中的鸟类5种,列入中国濒危动物红皮书名录中的鸟类20种,列入CITES附录中的鸟类34种。本文还对金钟山鸟类保护区的5种不同生境类型的鸟类种类组成作了比较,结果表明灌丛＋农田的鸟种多样性指数最高,为3．04;水域的鸟种多样性指数最低,为2．14。     

ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDIES OF MITOSIS IN AMEBAE : II. The Giant Ameba Pelomyxa carolinensis

Dividing nuclei from the giant ameba Pelomyxa carolinensis were fixed in osmium tetroxide solutions buffered with veronal acetate to pH 8.0. If divalent cations (0.002 M calcium, magnesium, or strontium as chlorides) were added to the fixation solution, fibrils that are 14 mµ in diameter and have a dense cortex are observed in the spindle. If the divalent ions were omitted, oriented particles of smaller size are present and fibrils are not obvious. The stages of mitosis were observed and spindle components compared. Fibrils fixed in the presence of calcium ions are not so well defined in early metaphase as later, but otherwise have the same diameter in the late metaphase, anaphase, and early telophase. Fibrils are surrounded by clouds of fine material except in early telophase, when they are formed into tight bundles lying in the cytoplasm unattached to nuclei. Metaphase and anaphase fibrils fixed without calcium ions are less well defined and are not observably different from each other. The observations are consistent with the concept that spindle fibrils are composed of polymerized, oriented protein molecules that are in equilibrium with and bathed in non-oriented molecules of the same protein. Partially formed spindle fibrils and ribosome-like particles were observed in the mixoplasm when the nuclear envelope had only small discontinuities. Remnants of the envelope are visible throughout division and are probably incorporated into the new envelope in the telophase. Ribosome-like particles are numerous in the metaphase and anaphase spindle but are not seen in the telophase nucleus, once the envelope is reestablished, or in the interphase nucleus.     

Studies on the morphology of the gills and gill arches with reference to the blood supply in Notopterus motopterus and Colisa fasciatus.

The morphology of the gills, with their blood supply have been described in Notopterus notopterus and Colisa fasciatus in some detail. Gills are curved and perforated on the dorsolateral and ventrolateral wall of the pharynx. The gills consist of 2 rows of filaments which are stacked one above the other to form a space. The gill filaments are smaller on both the ends and larger in middle. The gill filaments are of pink colour as they are supplied with blood. Gill rakers are large in size in Notopterus notopterus while they are small in Colisa fasciatus. 3 pairs of basibranchials are present in Notopterus notopterus which are covered by median membranous bony plate while 2 basibranchials are present in Colisa fasciatus. 3 pairs of hypobranchials are present in both fishes. 5 pairs of ceratobranchials are present in which Vth ceratobranchial bears teeth. 4 pairs of epibranchials are present. 3 pairs of pharyngobranchials are present in which the tip of the IVth pharyngobranchial bears minute teeth in Notopterus notopterus while in Colisa fasciatus IInd and IIIrd pharyngobranchial bear minute ones. One afferent branchial vessel is present in Notopterus notopterus and Colisa fasciatus in each gill like in other teleostean fishes. One efferent branchial vessel is present in each gill of Notopterus notopterus while in Colisa fasciatus 2 efferent are represented in each gill.     

东北地区蒙古栎群落区系成分

根据吴征镒、王荷生区系分析方法, 分析了东北地区蒙古栎群落中２６１ 种维管植物的区系成分, 其中温带成分占４７－４７ ％ , 东亚成分占４２－０２ ％ , 中国特有成分占１０－５１ ％ （ 世界分布不统计在内） 。并分析了种所在属的分布区类型, 温带分布属占９０－３％ 。还分别分析了蒙古栎群落的乔木层、灌木层、草本层以及层间植物的区系成分。     

新疆蝗总科区系研究

新疆现有蝗虫１５７种,它们分别隶属于８科６２属。在１５７种蝗虫中,古北种占绝对优势,有１２０种,其次为特有种,有３５种,广布种甚少,仅２种。在古北种中,中亚种最多,其次为泛古北种,而欧洲西伯利亚种、地中海种和东北种均很少。在８个科中,泛古北种在网翅蝗科中占优势,中亚种在班翅蝗科中占优势,斑腿蝗科在蝗总科中是相当大的一个科,在我国也占有很大优势,但在新疆其属种数量却很少。     

沙冬青冬季叶绿体的超微结构特征

沙冬青在冬季的叶肉细胞中有丰富的叶绿体,经常聚集在一起,相互重叠,相互嵌合,有的还相互融合。大部分叶绿体为凸透镜形,多余叶绿体主要为V形、蝶形、连婴形和哑铃形。它们的被膜不光滑,常凹凸不平,甚至出现突起和内陷。类囊体十分发达,质体小球很多,但淀粉粒缺乏。大部分叶绿体形态结构正常,有的还在出芽和分裂。少数叶绿体与此不同,它们已经衰老,其中一些正在解体或已经解体。     

Wood, bark and stem anatomy of New World species of Gnetum

Quantitative and qualitative data are presented for 11 collections of six species. The wide range of character states for the species is presented in the form of a key to emphasize their potential systematic correlations. Distinctive among these are phcllem characteristics. Fibre-tracheids are newly reported for lianoid Gnetum species. Cells previously thought to be like companion cells in secondary phloem are shown to be uniseriate rays, counterparts to uniseriate xylem rays. Laticifers are abundant in most of the species, and are newly described for secondary tissues of Gnetum. Presence of tyloses in laticifers of two species is apparently a new report for vascular plants. Tori are present in two New World Gnetum species, adding to the report in African species. Perforation plates are simple except near or in primary xylem, where they are simple or foraminate. Torus presence and foraminate perforation plate presence are features more reminiscent of Ephedra and other gymnosperms than of angiosperms. The bark of Gnetum is also very similar to that of Ephedra.     

辽宁革螨的生态地理分布

辽宁省已知的革螨46种,分属于5科19属.本文依据四个不同地理景观区内革螨的优势种、常见种和罕见种,对其生态地理分布作了讨论.(1)辽西低山丘陵及沿海平原区:本区共有革螨20种,其中仓鼠真厉螨、格氏血厉螨为优势种;塔山巨刺螨、长毛鞘厉螨为罕见种.(2)辽东山地及半岛丘陵区:本区共有革螨22种.半岛丘陵革螨优势种为仓鼠真厉螨、格氏血厉螨;辽东山地革螨优势种为耶氏厉螨与东方真厉螨.本区罕见种为赛氏血革螨、达呼尔血革螨、大连肪刺螨、三角血厉螨等.(3)辽河平原区:本区共有革螨20种.优势种为耶氏厉螨与厩真厉螨;乌苏里土厉螨为罕见种.(4)努鲁儿虎山脉北麓黄土丘陵台地及西辽河沙地区:本区共有革螨26种.优势种为东北血革螨、仓鼠真厉螨及格氏血厉螨.巨腹赫刺螨、鼬赫刺螨、拟小赫刺螨、半漠血厉螨、乌苏地厉螨、北野血革螨、楠本血革螨等为罕见种.     

浙江天台山七子花等6种阔叶树光合生态特性

 对分布在浙江天台山的七子花(Heptacodium miconioides)等6种主要阔叶树的光合生理生态特性进行了研究,结果表明：1)夏季6种植物光合日进程均为“双峰”型,有明显的光合“午休”现象。日均净光合速率月变化呈“单峰”型,8月是一年的高峰期。日均和5～11月平均净光合速率最高的是东南石栎(Lithocarpus harlandii),最低的是天台阔叶槭(Acer amplum var. tientaiense）,七子花处于中下水平。2)相对常绿树种而言,七子花的光补偿点较高,光饱和点较低,对光     

浙江磐安种子植物区系的特征分析

磐安约有野生种子植物 1 44科 ,62 7属 ,1 2 98种 (包括种以下分类单位 )。其中世界成分的属 67个 ,占总属数的 1 0 .69% ,热带属 2 2 7个 ,占 36.2 0 % ,温带属 32 1个 ,占 5 1 .2 0 % ,中国特有属 1 2个 ,占 1 .91 %。磐安气候温暖湿润 ,植物种类丰富 ,古老、孑遗、珍稀植物多 ,单种属和少种属占有较大比重 ;优势科、优势属明显 ,优势科 34个 ,共含有 393属 ,776种 ,分别占总属数总种属的 62 .7% ,70 .3% ,优势属 1 0个 ,共含有 1 44种 ,分别占总属数总种数的 1 .6% ,1 1 .1 % ,其中樟科、壳斗科等是该区系的表征科 ;植物分布类型多样 ,地理成分复杂 ,温带成分和热带成分占优势 ,是亚热带分布的北缘 ,与世界各地有广泛的联系