全文获取类型
收费全文 | 739427篇 |
免费 | 78832篇 |
国内免费 | 5170篇 |
专业分类
823429篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 7360篇 |
2018年 | 7909篇 |
2016年 | 9826篇 |
2015年 | 14178篇 |
2014年 | 16643篇 |
2013年 | 22657篇 |
2012年 | 25232篇 |
2011年 | 25047篇 |
2010年 | 16542篇 |
2009年 | 15216篇 |
2008年 | 20932篇 |
2007年 | 21215篇 |
2006年 | 19822篇 |
2005年 | 18791篇 |
2004年 | 18242篇 |
2003年 | 17776篇 |
2002年 | 17079篇 |
2001年 | 26983篇 |
2000年 | 27126篇 |
1999年 | 22221篇 |
1998年 | 8615篇 |
1997年 | 9041篇 |
1996年 | 8806篇 |
1995年 | 8206篇 |
1994年 | 8073篇 |
1993年 | 7936篇 |
1992年 | 19390篇 |
1991年 | 18871篇 |
1990年 | 18698篇 |
1989年 | 18377篇 |
1988年 | 17178篇 |
1987年 | 16533篇 |
1986年 | 15423篇 |
1985年 | 15948篇 |
1984年 | 13278篇 |
1983年 | 11609篇 |
1982年 | 9046篇 |
1981年 | 8361篇 |
1980年 | 7759篇 |
1979年 | 13036篇 |
1978年 | 10190篇 |
1977年 | 9599篇 |
1976年 | 9269篇 |
1975年 | 10062篇 |
1974年 | 10988篇 |
1973年 | 10737篇 |
1972年 | 9998篇 |
1971年 | 9030篇 |
1970年 | 7889篇 |
1969年 | 7873篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
The frequency of cytokine-producing CD4-/CD8- mononuclear cells was assessed in patients of different age groups (29 infants, aged 1-5 years; 30 schoolchildren, aged 6-14 years, 26 adults, aged > 15 years) with acute Plasmodium falciparum malaria, from Gabon. Fifteen patients were followed up before antimalarial treatment (day 0), during parasite clearance (day 3) and after resolution of parasitemia (day 10). By using flow cytometry for intracellular detection of cytokines, a striking expansion of CD4-/CD8- cells producing the type 1 cytokines interleukin (IL)-2-/interferon (IFN)-gamma+, IL-2+/IFN-gamma+ and IL-2+/IFN-gamma- was observed in adults as compared with children. Type 2 cytokine expression (IL-4+/IFN-gamma-, IL-13+/IFN-gamma-) and type 0 cells (IL-4+/IFN-gamma+, IL-13+/IFN-gamma+) were not significantly different between the three age groups. Patients with severe malaria had a significantly increased frequency of type 2 cytokine-producing CD4-/CD8- cells. Drug-induced clearance of parasitemia was characterized by a decrease of IL-2+/IFN-gamma- and type 2 cytokine expressing CD4-/CD8- cells and by a gradual increase of IL-10+/IFN-gamma- expression. The type 1/type 2 dichotomy observed within the CD4-/CD8- cell population is likely to be of significance in the host response against P. falciparum malaria. 相似文献
57.
Binding of the cationic tetra(tributylammoniomethyl)-substituted hydroxoaluminum phthalocyanine (AlPcN4) to bilayer lipid membranes was studied by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) and intramembrane field compensation (IFC) methods. With neutral phosphatidylcholine membranes, AlPcN4 appeared to bind more effectively than the negatively charged tetrasulfonated aluminum phthalocyanine (AlPcS4), which was attributed to the enhancement of the coordination interaction of aluminum with the phosphate moiety of phosphatidylcholine by the electric field created by positively charged groups of AlPcN4. The inhibitory effect of fluoride ions on the membrane binding of both AlPcN4 and AlPcS4 supported the essential role of aluminum-phosphate coordination in the interaction of these phthalocyanines with phospholipids. The presence of negative or positive charges on the surface of lipid membranes modulated the binding of AlPcN4 and AlPcS4 in accord with the character (attraction or repulsion) of the electrostatic interaction, thus showing the significant contribution of the latter to the phthalocyanine adsorption on lipid bilayers. The data on the photodynamic activity of AlPcN4 and AlPcS4 as measured by sensitized photoinactivation of gramicidin channels in bilayer lipid membranes correlated well with the binding data obtained by FCS and IFC techniques. The reduced photodynamic activity of AlPcN4 with neutral membranes violating this correlation was attributed to the concentration quenching of singlet excited states as proved by the data on the AlPcN4 fluorescence quenching. 相似文献
58.
Wen-Yeh Hsieh Tang-Ching Kuan Kun-Shan Cheng Yan-Chiou Liao Mu-Yuan Chen Pei-Heng Lin Yuan-Chang Hsu Chen-Yi Huang Wei-Hua Hsu Sheng-Yao Yu Chih-Sheng Lin 《International journal of biological sciences》2012,8(8):1197-1205
Objective: Pleural effusion is common problem, but the rapid and reliable diagnosis for specific pathogenic effusions are lacking. This study aimed to identify the diagnosis based on clinical variables to differentiate pleural tuberculous exudates from other pleural effusions. We also investigated the role of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) in the pathogenesis of pleural exudates.Experimental design: The major components in RAS and extracellular matrix metabolism, including angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), ACE2, MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities, were measured and compared in the patients with transudative (n = 45) and exudative (n = 80) effusions. The exudative effusions were come from the patients with tuberculosis (n = 20), pneumonia (n = 32), and adenocarcinoma (n = 28).Results: Increased ACE and equivalent ACE2 activities, resulting in a significantly increased ACE/ACE2 ratio in exudates, were detected compared to these values in transudates. MMP-9 activity in exudates was significantly higher than that in transudates. The significant correlation between ACE and ACE2 activity that was found in transudates was not found in exudates. Advanced analyses showed significantly increased ACE and MMP-9 activities, and decreased ACE2 activity in tuberculous pleural effusions compared with those in pneumonia and adenocarcinoma effusions. The results indicate that increased ACE and MMP-9 activities found in the exudates were mainly contributed from a higher level of both enzyme activities in the tuberculous pleural effusions.Conclusion: Interplay between ACE and ACE2, essential functions in the RAS, and abnormal regulation of MMP-9 probably play a pivotal role in the development of exudative effusions. Moreover, the ACE/ACE2 ratio combined with MMP-9 activity in pleural fluid may be potential biomarkers for diagnosing tuberculous pleurisy. 相似文献
59.
60.
Savignin, a potent thrombin inhibitor isolated from the salivary glands of the tick Ornithodoros savignyi (Acari: Argasidae). 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
A thrombin (E.C. 3.4.21.5) inhibitor, savignin, was isolated from the salivary glands of Ornithodoros savignyi by a combination of size exclusion, anion-exchange, and reversed-phase chromatography. The inhibitor has a molecular mass of 12,430.4 Da as determined by electrospray mass spectrometry. The behavior of savignin during anion-exchange chromatography indicated that it has an acidic pI. The available N-terminal sequence (residues 1-11) differed from that of ornithodorin with only one residue. Savignin inhibits thrombin-induced platelet aggregation, but has no effect on ADP- or collagen-induced aggregation. Kinetic studies indicated that savignin is a competitive, slow-, tight-binding inhibitor of alpha-thrombin (K(i) = 4.89 +/- 1.39 pM). Tight-binding kinetics showed that the inhibitor has a lower affinity for gamma-thrombin (K(i) = 22.3 +/- 5.9 nM). Plasmin, factor Xa, and trypsin are not inhibited by savignin. 相似文献