霜霉属菌一新种——微孔草霜霉

本文报道寄生于甘青微孔草(Microula pseudotrichocarpa W.T.Wang)和疏花微孔草[M.diffusa(Maxim.)Johnst.]上的霜霉属一新种——微孔草霜霉(Peronospora microulaeMeng et G.Y.Yin)。以汉文和拉丁文描述此新种的形态性状,并。附图     

Protective Antioxidant Effects of Amentoflavone and Total Flavonoids from Hedyotis diffusa on H2O2‐Induced HL‐O2 Cells through ASK1/p38 MAPK Pathway

In this study, total flavonoids and total triterpenoid acid were extracted with ethyl acetate from Hedyotis diffusa Willd, and hepatoprotective activities of them and five compounds from total flavonoids against H₂O₂ induced hepatocyte damage on HL‐02 cells were determined. In particular, amentoflavone and total flavonoids had influence on the leakage of ALT, AST, LDH, the activities of SOD and the content of MDA. They effectively reduced the loss of MMP, the release of Cyt C, and then inhibited activation of caspase‐3/caspase‐9 cascade in hepatotoxic cells. The contents of ROS were significantly reduced to inhibit p38 in amentoflavone and flavonoids groups which decreased ASK1 and p‐p38 levels through increasing thioredoxin Trx1 and reductase TrxR1. These results suggesting that the antioxidant protection of amentoflavone and flavonoids might be reducing ROS to inhibit the H₂O₂‐induced upstream of pathway via increasing levels of Trx1 and TrxR1, which were pivotal in blocking the down streaming effectors of ASK1/p38 MAPK pathway and alleviating hepatotoxicity.     

蔓茎堇菜和柔毛堇菜多糖的抑菌抗氧化活性

利用乙醇沉淀法提取蔓茎堇菜Viola diffusa和柔毛堇菜V.principis多糖并分别进行抑菌及抗氧化试验。结果表明,蔓茎堇菜和柔毛堇菜多糖提取率分别为7.0%和8.3%。不同倍数体积无水乙醇沉淀提取的多糖抑菌和抗氧化能力不同。抑菌效果显示,蔓茎堇菜多糖对大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌圈分别可达8.46mm和8.59mm,柔毛堇菜对大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌圈均可达9.13mm,但两种堇菜多糖对黑曲霉和啤酒酵母未呈现抑制活性;抗氧化研究发现,蔓茎堇菜多糖抗氧化活性为243.64U·mL^-1,柔毛堇菜多糖抗氧化活性为411.78U·mL^-1。由此可见,无论是抑菌还是抗氧化活性方面,柔毛堇菜极显著优于蔓茎堇菜(P<0.01)。蔓茎堇菜和柔毛堇菜多糖都具有一定的抑菌抗氧化活性,均可作为食药两用植物资源进行开发利用。     

黄瓜香水、醇提取液对肠道菌群的调整作用的比较

目的研究不同溶剂提取黄瓜香有效成分的作用效果,以期能更好提高药物的利用度。方法用盐酸林可霉素制造小鼠菌群失调模型,然后分别用黄瓜香的水、醇提取物治疗,比较治疗效果。结果醇提取物和水提取物均能调整肠道菌群平衡,与自然恢复组相比差异有统计学意义(P0.05),且醇提取物组效果要优于水提取物组(P0.05)。结论黄瓜香醇提取物是理想的微生态调节剂。     

Biogeographical variation in community response to root allelochemistry: novel weapons and exotic invasion

Centaurea diffusa is one of the most destructive invasive weeds in the western USA and allelopathy appears to contribute to its invasiveness ( Callaway & Aschehoug 2000 ). Here we identify a chemical from the root exudates of C. diffusa, 8‐hydroxyquinoline, not previously reported as a natural product, and find that it varies biogeographically in its natural concentration and its effect as an allelochemical. 8‐Hydroxyquinoline is at least three times more concentrated in C. diffusa‐invaded North American soils than in this weed's native Eurasian soils and has stronger phytotoxic effects on grass species from North America than on grass species from Eurasia. Furthermore, experimental communities built from North American plant species are far more susceptible to invasion by C. diffusa than communities built from Eurasian species, regardless of the biogeographical origin of the soil biota. Sterilization of North American soils suppressed C. diffusa more than sterilization of Eurasian soils, indicating that North American soil biota may also promote invasion by C. diffusa. Eurasian plants and soil microbes may have evolved natural resistance to 8‐hydroxyquinoline while North American plants have not, suggesting a remarkable potential for evolutionary compatibility and homeostasis among plants within natural communities and a mechanism by which exotic weeds destroy these communities.     

白花蛇舌草的抗肿瘤活性和初步化学研究

我们在美国国立肿瘤研究所对白花蛇舌草 (Hedyotisdiffusa)的乙醇提取物及不同的溶剂萃取部位进行了肿瘤细胞株的细胞毒活性筛选 ,发现CH3 OH∶H2 O(9∶1)部位有一定的细胞毒活性 ,特别是对乳腺癌细胞株有中等强度活性。因此我们对该部位进行了初步化学成分研究 ,从中分离得到三个已知化合物 ,即豆甾醇 5 ,2 2 二烯 3β ,7α 二醇 (Stigmasta 5 ,2 2 diene 3β ,7α diol,1) ,豆甾醇 5 ,2 2 二烯 3β ,7β 二醇 (Stigmasta 5 ,2 2 diene 3β ,7β diol,2 )和熊果酸 (Ursolicacid ,3)。其中化合物 (1)和化合物 (2 )系首次从该植物中分离得到 ,同时文献报道这类甾醇类化合物有一定的细胞毒活性。进一步的活性和化学研究仍在进行。     

蔓茎堇菜总黄酮提取工艺初探

分别采用热水浸提法、甲醇浸提法和乙醇浸提法来提取蔓茎堇菜样品的总黄酮,并以芦丁为标准品,用紫外分光光度法在265nm处测定各提取液的总黄酮含量。结果表明,甲醇浸提法和乙醇浸提法显著优于热水浸提法,而用70％乙醇为提取溶剂时效果最佳。研究结果可为利用蔓茎堇菜工业化生产黄酮类药用成分提供科学依据。     

白花蛇舌草对Ⅱ型胶原蛋白诱导的大鼠类风湿性关节炎的治疗作用

目的：探讨白花蛇舌草（HD）对Ⅱ型胶原蛋白诱导的大鼠类风湿性关节炎（CIA）的治疗作用。方法：取SD大鼠60只随机分为对照组10只、造模组50只,造模组于背部皮内注射Ⅱ型胶原乳剂建立CIA大鼠模型,采用大鼠关节炎评分法评价其模型是否复制成功。造模组再随机分为模型组、雷公藤多苷（GTW）6 mg/kg组、白花蛇舌草3、6、12 g/kg组,每组10只,每天灌胃给予相应的试剂。每周观察关节炎指数和痛阈,于连续干预28 d后,各组大鼠眼眶静脉取血,观察白细胞介素1β（IL-lβ）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、前列腺素E₂（PGE₂）、核因子κB受体活化因子配体（RANKL）及护骨素（OPG）水平。结果：与对照组比较,模型组大鼠关节炎指数,血清IL-lβ、TNF-α、PGE₂、RANKL、OPG及RANKL/OPG水平均明显升高（P<0.05）,光照阈值明显降低（P<0.05）;与模型组比较,雷公藤多苷组、白花蛇舌草低、中、高剂量组关节炎指数,血清IL-lβ、TNF-α、PGE₂、RANKL、OPG及RANKL/OPG水平均明显降低（P<0.05）,光照阈值明显升高（P<0.05）。结论：白花蛇舌草可明显降低CIA模型大鼠关节炎指数,升高痛域阈值,下调IL-lβ、TNF-α、PGE₂、RANKL、OPG水平,从而有效的防治CIA。     

白花蛇舌草醇提取物对乳腺癌T-47D细胞株生长的抑制作用

目的：观察白花蛇舌草醇提取物对乳腺癌细胞T-47D生长的影响。方法：采用平皿克隆形成实验、软琼脂集落形成实验和BrdUrd（溴脱氧尿苷）掺入实验,观察不同浓度的白花蛇舌草醇提取物（1.0μg/mL,3.0μg/mL,10μg/mL,30μg/mL,100μg/mL）对T-47D细胞锚定依赖性生长和软琼脂集落形成能力及核酸合成的抑制作用。结果：①随着白花蛇舌草醇提取物浓度的升高,对T-47D细胞的生长呈现明显抑制作用;②白花蛇舌草醇提取物可呈浓度依赖性抑制对数生长期T-47D细胞核酸合成。结论：白花蛇舌草醇提取物可能通过影响肿瘤细胞核酸合成而抑制T-47D细胞生长。