An unstable gene controlling developmental variegation in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench)

Summary Genetic studies on radiation-induced chlorina and variegated mutants of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) revealed the existence of an unstable gene. The normal green color of the leaves is controlled by duplicate genes C₁ and C₂, either of which produces the green colour. The chlorina plants are C ₁ C ₁ C ₂ C ₂. The allele c ₁ ^v is dominant to both C ₁ and C ₂ but is unstable. The homozygote c ₁ ^v c ₁ ^v c ₂ c ₂ is a normal green while the heterozygote c _i ^v c ₁ c ₂ c ₂ has a variegated phenotype as a result of the mutation of c ₁ ^v to c ₁ during development. In green plants with a c ₁ ^v c{sh1/v}c ₂ c ₂ genotype, the autonomous mutation of one of the c ₁ ^v alleles to c ₁ may take place at the pre-meiotic stage. In the variegated genotype (c ₁ ^v c ₁ c ₂ c ₂), the mutation of c ₁ to c ₁ ^v may take place in early ontogeny, thus producing green plants. The allele C ₁, when associated with c ₁ ^v in a heterozygous condition, mutates to c ₁ at the pre-meiotic stage even in the presence of the allele C ₂.     

Influence of three rates of salinity on okra plants (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) infected with root-knot nematode in vivo

A greenhouse experiment was carried-out to evaluate the effect of three rates of salinity as abiotic stress on okra plants (Abelmoschus esculentus) infected with the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) as biotic stress. Plant lengths and weights were significantly (p?≤?0.05) reduced except root weight and there was a positive correlation between increasing the salinity concentration from 0.1 to 0.3% and increasing the rate of reduction in plant criteria. The number of J2 in soil, galls, and eggmasses were decreased linked to increased salinity rate as compared to nematode control treatment. However, peroxidase and catalase activities were significantly reduced linked to increasing the salinity concentration from 0.1 to 0.3%. There was no significant difference between total phenols at all treatments. Meanwhile, there was no significant improvement in N, P, and K contents whereas photosynthetic pigments (a, b) and carotene were significantly (p?≤?0.05) reduced by nematode infection and increasing the salinity rate from 0.1 to 0.3%.     

他克莫司联合黄葵胶囊治疗难治性膜性肾病的临床疗效

目的:探讨他克莫司联合黄葵胶囊治疗难治性膜性肾病疗效及安全性。方法:选取2014年3月-2015年10月我院收治的60例难治性膜性肾病患者,按随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各30例,对照组给予泼尼松治疗,观察组在此基础上增加他克莫司联合黄葵胶囊口服,两组均治疗6个月,观察两组临床疗效,检测并对比两组治疗前后尿蛋白(uPRO)、血清白蛋白(sALB)、血清肌酐(sCr)、血谷丙转氨酶(sALT)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)以及不良反应情况。结果:观察组的有效率高于对照组(P0.05);治疗后两组uPRO、TNF-α、TGF-β1均明显降低,sALB、sCr明显升高(P0.05),且观察组uPRO、TNF-α、TGF-β1低于对照组(P0.05);两组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:他克莫司联合黄葵胶囊治疗难治性膜性肾病具有较好的疗效,降低肾功能损伤,不良反应低,值得临床推广。     

Egg parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) of Amrasca biguttula (Ishida) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) on Okinawa Island,a pest of okra in Japan

The fairyfly Anagrus (Anagrus) japonicus Sahad (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) is identified for the first time as an egg parasitoid of the okra leafhopper Amrasca (Sundapteryx) biguttula (Ishida) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) on Okinawa Island, Japan. Amrasca biguttula is a serious pest of okra, Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench (Malvaceae), both in Okinawa and Bonin Islands. Female of A. japonicus is redescribed, and its previously unknown male is described, based on the reared specimens from Okinawa. Prior to this study, host associations of A. japonicus were unknown. Another species of Mymaridae, Arescon enocki (Subba Rao and Kaur), also emerged from eggs of A. biguttula on okra in Okinawa, albeit in much smaller numbers.     

In-vitro assessment of food consumption,utilization indices and losses promises of leafworm,Spodoptera litura (Fab.), on okra crop

The lepidopteran insect pests have significant importance in vegetable production. The present study was performed to investigate the baseline studies about the assessment of feeding and consumption potential, utilization indices and losses promises of leafworm, Spodoptera litura (Fab.) on Okra. The data regarding feeding potential, food utilization and consumption indices as well as losses of different larval instars were recorded and subjected to appropriate statistical analysis. The results showed that, in the beginning, the approximate digestibility of various instars was increase, e.g. third instar (51.36%–64.03%), fourth instar (63.42%–69.45%) and fifth instar (70.25%–76.10%). However, after a certain period, the digestibility was decreased and efficiency to convert the ingested food into biomass varied significantly. The consumption index values increased with an increase in time but the consumption and growth rate was declined of fourth instar larvae. The ingestion and digestion increased of third (10.01–13.06, 8.32–11.91 mg), fourth (11.27–17.28, 10.96–14.03 mg) and fifth (12.60–19.40, 11.93–15.28 mg) larval instars. The corrected weight of consumed leaves increased with a gain in body weight. However, in the third instar, a decline was observed on the last day of feeding. Maximum leaf area was consumed by fifth instar larvae (44.66 cm²) followed by fourth (35.41 cm²) and third (27.98 cm²) instars. In conclusion, all the dependent parameters, including food utilization potential, consumption indices and losses were higher for fifth instar larvae than others. These results emphasized the re-establishment of fundamental (economic threshold level: ETL, economic injury level: EIL) integrated pest management concepts.     

秋葵籽油对高强度运动所致肝损伤的保护作用

本研究考察了秋葵籽油对高强度运动所致肝损伤的保护作用及机制。研究显示,对昆明小鼠灌胃不同剂量(10 mg/kg,20 mg/kg和50 mg/kg)的秋葵籽油4周后,秋葵籽油以剂量依赖性方式提高了小鼠的力竭游泳时间(p<0.05)。秋葵籽油降低了小鼠血清乳酸和尿素氮水平,并升高了血清游离脂肪酸和肝糖原水平(p<0.05)。秋葵籽油以剂量依赖性方式提高了小鼠肝脏组织中SOD、CAT和GSH-Px活性,并抑制了MDA的合成(p<0.05)。秋葵籽油抑制了力竭游泳诱导的小鼠血清CK、AST和ALT水平及肝脏组织NO水平的升高(p<0.05)。此外,苏木精和伊红(HE)染色证实了秋葵籽油减轻了力竭游泳诱导的肝脏病理改变。因此,本研究初步结论表明,在高强度运动过程中,秋葵籽油可通过抑制乳酸和尿素氮的积累、增加脂肪动员、降低糖原消耗、减弱氧化应激损伤等多种途径来对肝脏发挥保护作用。     

QTL analysis of leaf morphology in tetraploid Gossypium (cotton)

Molecular markers were used to map and characterize quantitative trait loci (QTLs) determining cotton leaf morphology and other traits, in 180 F₂ plants from an interspecific cross between a Gossypium hirsutum genotype carrying four morphological mutants, and a wild-type Gossypium barbadense. The prominent effects of a single region of chromosome 15, presumably the classical ”Okra-leaf” locus, were modified by QTLs on several other chromosomes affecting leaf size and shape. For most traits, each parent contained some alleles with positive effects and others with negative effects, suggesting a large potential for adapting leaf size and shape to the needs of particular production regimes. Twenty one QTLs/loci were found for the morphological traits at LOD≥3.0 and P≤0.001, among which 14 (63.6%) mapped to D-subgenome chromosomes. Forty one more possible QTLs/loci were suggested with 2.0≤LOD<3.0 and 0.001<P≤0.01. Among all of the 62 possible QTLs (found at LOD≥2.0 and P≤0.01) for the 14 morphological traits in this study, 38 (61.3%) mapped to D-subgenome chromosomes. This reinforces the findings of several other studies in suggesting that the D-subgenome of tetraploid cotton has been subject to a relatively greater rate of evolution than the A-subgenome, subsequent to polyploid formation. Received: 26 April 1999 / Accepted: 30 July 1999     

Movement and distribution pattern of the residues of granular insecticides in tropical soil and okra plants

Summary The increased downward mobility of phorate, quinalphos and carbofuran residues was detected in soil with increase in depth of soil column whereas aldicarb was found to remain localised mainly in 0–7.5 cm and 7.5–15.0 cm layers. Persistence of organophosphate insecticides was higher as compared to carbamates in all the soil layers. Residues of all the four insecticides got distributed in all parts of okra plant through uptake but accumulated in higher amounts in fruits only. Contribution No. 312/83 from I.I.H.R. Bangalore (India)     

Pre treatment with Bacillus subtilis mitigates drought induced photo-oxidative damages in okra by modulating antioxidant system and photochemical activity

Growth promoting potential of Bacillus subtilis (BS) in drought stressed Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench (okra) was assessed by measuring the chlorophyll stability index (CSI), chlorophyll a (Chl-a) fluorescence, leaf osmotic potential and lipid peroxidation by malondialdehyde content, emission of reactive oxygen species (ROS), osmolyte content and the activity of non-enzyme and enzyme antioxidants. BS treatment significantly increased the leaf osmotic potential, osmolyte production and the activity of non-enzyme and enzyme antioxidants under drought stress. BS treatment mitigated the drought-induced reduction in Chl a fluorescence and CSI. Concomitant increase in total sugar, proline, non-enzyme antioxidants [glutathione and ascorbate] and enzyme antioxidants like superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, monodehydroascorbate reductase and dehydroascorbate reductase modulate the intracellular ROS concentration in okra to resist the stress induced oxidative damage in BS treated plants led to fast recovery and less photodamage.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-021-00982-8.     

保健蔬菜黄秋葵的应用价值与前景

黄秋葵是一种具有较高营养价值的新型保健蔬菜,有很高的应用价值和潜力。主要介绍了黄秋葵近年来的研究概况,包括其分布与生长环境、营养成分与保健价值、贮藏与保鲜技术及其应用和开发进展等,在此基础上展望黄秋葵未来的研究热点。