具有抑菌作用的放线菌GNF1的分离鉴定和生物学活性的研究

从几种复合微生物有机肥中分离出一系列不同的菌株,与实验室保存的菌株GNW(自生固氮菌)和HP2(解磷菌)混合接种培养,检测是否因基因杂交、突变等原因而产生具有抑菌作用的菌株.结果分离出一株具有抑菌作用的放线菌菌株GNF1,根据其形态学特征、生理生化特征和基于16S rRNA基因序列的系统发育分析结果,鉴定其属于链霉菌属(Streptomyces)的一个菌株,GNF1菌株的代谢产物中存在具有抑菌作用的活性成分,与植物根际促生菌GNW、HP2以及某些原核病原微生物共培养培养时能明显抑制它们的生长.     

羧甲基壳聚糖对口腔重要厌氧菌的抑菌性能评价

目的 :评价羧甲基壳聚糖对口腔重要厌氧菌的抑菌性能。方法 :选择与口腔疾病密切相关的厌氧菌 11株 ,采用梯度稀释法测定羧甲基壳聚糖的最低抑菌浓度 (MIC)。结果 :羧甲基壳聚糖对牙龈卟啉菌、放线共生放线菌、中间普氏菌、牙龈嗜二氧化碳纤维菌、黄褐嗜二氧化碳纤维菌、产黑色素普氏菌、白色念珠菌、牙髓卟啉菌、小齿普氏菌、变形链球菌、远缘链球菌、粘性放线菌的 MIC分别为 2 0 ,10 ,5,80 ,2 0 ,>80 ,2 0 ,5,2 0 ,10 ,60 ,40 mg/ml。结论 :羧甲基壳聚糖对多数与口腔疾病密切相关的厌氧菌有一定抑制作用 ,而对产黑色素普氏菌的抑菌性不明显     

MazF-induced Growth Inhibition and Persister Generation in Escherichia coli

Toxin-antitoxin systems are ubiquitous in nature and present on the chromosomes of both bacteria and archaea. MazEF is a type II toxin-antitoxin system present on the chromosome of Escherichia coli and other bacteria. Whether MazEF is involved in programmed cell death or reversible growth inhibition and bacterial persistence is a matter of debate. In the present work the role of MazF in bacterial physiology was studied by using an inactive, active-site mutant of MazF, E24A, to activate WT MazF expression from its own promoter. The ectopic expression of E24A MazF in a strain containing WT mazEF resulted in reversible growth arrest. Normal growth resumed on inhibiting the expression of E24A MazF. MazF-mediated growth arrest resulted in an increase in survival of bacterial cells during antibiotic stress. This was studied by activation of mazEF either by overexpression of an inactive, active-site mutant or pre-exposure to a sublethal dose of antibiotic. The MazF-mediated persistence phenotype was found to be independent of RecA and dependent on the presence of the ClpP and Lon proteases. This study confirms the role of MazEF in reversible growth inhibition and persistence.     

肉桂醛、柠檬醛抑制黑曲霉生长的比较研究

黑曲霉是一类极易通过饲料、食品、粮油霉变而具致病性的有害真菌。与物理和化学方法抑制黑曲霉生长相比,生物抑菌剂抗黑曲霉生长具有药效久、无抗药性并安全健康的优点。本实验采用天然肉桂醛、柠檬醛作为抑菌剂,以正常生长的黑曲霉为对照,分别采用牛津杯法、气体扩散法比较对黑曲霉生长效果的影响。结果表明,柠檬醛作用所形成的抑菌圈显著大于肉桂醛作用所形成的抑菌圈,且在同一浓度下柠檬醛对菌丝体形态和孢子囊形态的抑制比肉桂醛显著,而气体扩散法抗黑曲霉效果优于牛津杯法。     

纤维素酶解制取高活性壳聚糖

研究了不同条件纤维素酶降解壳聚糖的特性 ,结果表明 5 0U/ g底物 纤维素酶 5 0℃酶解 8h的壳聚糖的抑菌活性最好。壳聚糖的平均分子量从 780ku降为 2 10ku。对酶解的壳聚糖用葡聚糖G 10 0凝胶分离 ,有效抑菌的分子片断其分子量为 130ku。     

亚太发展中国家三大城市景观格局梯度动态与城乡融合区特征

以亚太地区3个大城市中国上海、菲律宾大马尼拉和越南河内为对象,在3S（GIS,GPS,RS）技术支持下,选取了近20年的遥感资料,采用基于斑块密度等6种景观指数的景观格局梯度分析的手段,研究了这3座城市城市化的景观格局动态及与之相关的城乡融合区特征。结果表明：在城市化过程中,这3座城市城市化区域景观格局都有显著变化,斑块密度升高,破碎化加强;在样带上,斑块密度、Shannon多样性等指数与到市中心的绝对距离有较强的相关性,景观指数能检测出城市化的梯度和城市化的推进方向;3座城市的城乡融合区有着不同的发展特征,城市化呈现出不同的发展阶段特点。大马尼拉市城市化阶段最高,郊区城市化也最早,城乡融合区明显,上海市城市化阶段较高,郊区城市化和城乡融合区也较为明显,而河内的城市化阶段较低,郊区城市化和城乡融合区不明显。需要对城市融合区的生态环境加以保护。     

Preparation and sorption activity of chitosan/cellulose blend beads

New di-Schiff base type crown ethers crosslinked chitosan (CCTS-1) was synthesized by the reaction of 4,4′-diformyldibenzo-18-c-6 crown ether with crosslinked chitosan. New di-secondary amine type crown ethers crosslinked chitosan (CCTS-2) was prepared by the reaction between CCTS-1 and sodium borohydride. Their structures were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectral analysis, X-ray powder diffraction analysis and elemental analysis. The adsorption rates by CCTS-2 for Ag⁺ for 1 h were 96% at pH 6.0, and Ag⁺ initial concentration 0.5 mmol/l. The complexes of CCTS [Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn 60 (1987) 444], CCTS-2 and silver ion against three bacteria were studied. The bacteriostasis zone diameters of the complex of CCTS-2 and Ag⁺ (CCTS-2–Ag⁺) containing 0.00355 mmol Ag⁺ against Staphylococcus Aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginona are 11, 10 and 7.5 mm, respectively, while those of the complex of CCTS and Ag⁺ (CCTS–Ag⁺) under similar conditions were 11, 10 and 6.0 mm, respectively. This research will be useful for designing crosslinked-chitosan-based adsorption for preconcentration of Ag⁺ for medical bacteriostasis.     

金荞麦抗菌活性研究

目的 探讨金荞麦乙醇提取物乙酸乙酯的萃取部分（待测样品）的抑菌作用,并对此部分进行分离纯化以研究其抗菌活性的物质基础。方法 与复方板蓝根颗粒做对比,采用平皿稀释法及动物实验对待测样品进行体外及体内实验,测定其对各试验菌的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）和对肺炎链球菌感染小鼠的体内保护作用.并采用多种色谱方法对此部分进行分离纯化。结果 体外抑菌试验表明,待测样品对乙型溶血性链球菌、肺炎球菌有明显的抑制作用;体内抑菌实验表明此部分对肺炎球菌菌株所致的小鼠感染有保护作用;从该活性部分分离得到8个化合物为：反式对羟基桂皮酸甲酯（trans-p-hydroxy cinnamic methyl ester,Ⅰ）,3,4-二羟基苯甲酰胺（3,4-dihydroxy benzamide,Ⅱ）,原儿茶酸（protocatechuic acid,Ⅲ）,原儿茶酸甲酯（protocatechuic acid methyl ester,Ⅳ）,木犀草素（luteolin,V）,槲皮素（quercitrin,Ⅵ）,芸香苷（rutm,Ⅶ）,（一）-表儿茶素[（一）-epicatechin,Ⅷ]。结论 待测样品在体内及体外均有较强的抑菌活性,而具有抗菌作用的物质基础为酚酸类及黄酮类化合物。     

复方明矾散对妇科阴道炎病原菌的抑菌作用研究

目的 探讨复方明矾散对妇科阴道炎病原菌的抑菌作用。方法 从临床妇科阴道炎患者分离病原菌为受试菌,采用美国临床实验室标准化委员会（NCCLS）M27-A大量肉汤稀释法和琼脂稀释法分别检测复方明矾散对140株受试菌的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）。结果 总MIC范围：0．07～10mg／ml。念珠菌MIC范围：0．07～1．25mg／ml,MIC50 0．30mg／ml,MIC90：0．61mg／ml。结论 复方明矾散对所有受试菌均有不同程度的抑菌作用,对念珠菌的效果最好。