傣药“雅糯妙”（肾茶）正丁醇部位的化学成分研究

目的：对肾茶正丁醇部位进行系统分离和化合物鉴定,为探索肾茶药理活性物质基础研究奠定基础;方法：采用多种分离纯化技术（硅胶柱层析色谱、反相硅胶柱色谱、SephadesLH-20、半制备型高效液相色谱等）对肾茶正丁醇部位化学成分进行系统的分离纯化,得到单体化合物;运用电喷雾质谱（ESI—MS）、核磁共振氢谱（1HNMR）、核磁共振碳谱（13CNMR／DEPT）和二维核磁共振谱（HSQC,HMBC）对所得单体化合物进行结构鉴定。结果：从肾茶正丁醇部位中共分离得到9个化合物,分别鉴定为：原儿茶酸甲酯（1）、原儿茶醛（2）、原儿茶酸（3）、3,4．二羟基苯乙酸甲酯（4）、3,4一二甲氧基乙酸甲酯（5）、2,5-二羟基苯甲醛（6）、苯甲酸（7）、咖啡酸（8）、迷迭香酸（9）。结论：肾茶正丁醇部位主要化学成分为酚醛、芳香酸及其衍生物,除分离得到之前献报告的咖啡酸、迷迭香酸等外,还首次分离鉴定4个化合物（1,4,5,6）,其中化合物6为首次从植物中分离得到,并首次对该化合物核磁数据进行了归属;化合物1、4、5均为首次从肾荼属植物中分离得到。     

垂子买麻藤中抗菌化学成分的再研究

目的：进一步研究垂子买麻藤中抗菌化学成分。方法：利用正相硅胶柱层析、葡聚糖凝胶Sephadex LH-20 柱层析、半制备反相高效液相色谱等手段从垂子买麻藤茎杆的乙醇提取物中分离纯化得到9 个单体化合物,采用电喷雾电离质谱和核磁共振氢谱等波谱分析方法对其进行结构鉴定,并以耐甲氧西林金葡菌(MRSA) 为试验菌,考察其体外抑菌活性。结果：经波谱分析鉴定,分离所得9 个单体化合物分别为原儿茶酸甲酯、买麻藤醇、白藜芦醇、原儿茶酸、香草醛、阿魏酸、isorhapontin、gnetifolin E 和gnetuhainin A,其中原儿茶酸甲酯、买麻藤醇、原儿茶酸、香草醛、阿魏酸、gnetifolin E 和gnetuhainin A 为首次从该植物中分离得到;体外抑菌活性测试表明,原儿茶酸甲酯、白藜芦醇、原儿茶酸和香草醛对MRSA 具有抑制活性,其最低抑菌浓度分别是2 560、256、1 280 和2 560 mg?L-1,最小杀菌浓度分别是2 560、1 280、5 120 和2 560 mg?L-1,而其他单体化合物则无此活性。结论：垂子买麻藤中存在多种不同结构、不同活性的抗菌化学成分。     

北五味子的水溶性化学成分

从北五味子（Schisandra chinensis）果实的水溶性部位得到8个已知化合物,经波谱分析确定其结构分别为：原儿茶酸（protocatechuic acid 1）,奎尼酸（quinic acid）,柠檬酸单甲酯（2－methyl citrate,3),5－羟甲基－2－糠醛（5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxaldehyde 4),4-(3′－甲氮基－4′－羟基－苯基）－2－丁酮－4′-O-β-D0吡喃葡萄糖甙(zingerone glucoside 5),2－异丙基－5－甲基－1,4－苯二酚1－O－β－D－吡喃葡萄糖甙（thymoquinol 2-glu-coside 6),2－甲基－5－异丙基－1,4－苯二酚1－O－β－D－吡喃葡萄糖甙（thymoquinol 5-glu-coside 7)和胡萝卜甙（daucosterol 8）。     

椿根皮的化学成分及抑菌活性研究

为探寻椿根皮抑菌的物质基础，该研究采用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20等方法对椿根皮甲醇提取物进行分离和纯化，通过理化性质和波谱数据分析单体化合物的结构，并以卡那霉素为对照组采用流式细胞法测试化合物的抑菌活性。结果表明：从椿根皮中得到22个化合物，分别鉴定为pleuchiol (1)、withastramonolide (2)、7-ketositosterol (3)、白桦酯醇(4)、桦木酸甲酯(5)、1, 2, 4-trimethoxybenzene (6)、顺丁烯二酸二甲酯(7)、sonderianol (8)、dibutyl phthalate (9)、pinoresinol (10)、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯(11)、avenalumic acid methyl ester (12)、5,3′-dihydroxy-3,7,4′-trimethoxy-flavone (13)、spathulenol (14)、2-甲基-5-丙基酮-7-羟基色原酮(15)、 7,4′-dihydroxyflavone (16)、annphenone (17)、3-羟基-4-甲氧基苯甲酸(18)、5,3′...     

Naphtho-[2,3-b ]pyrandiones类抗生素SP-1的发酵﹑理化性质及活性研究

从产生菌Z-2002的发酵产物中,纯化得到抗生素SP-1,属于有广泛生物活性但少见的3,4-dihydro-2H-Naphtho-[2,3-b]pyran-5,10-quinones类化合物,该化合物与已知抗生素（＋）-Cryptosporin一致.SP-1对23种革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌进行了体外抑菌活性评价,抗菌谱表明：SP-1对G＋菌有一定的抑制活性,对临床分离的耐甲氧西林的金葡菌（MRSA）、表葡菌（MRSE）呈中等程度的抑制,MIC为8μg/mL,对革兰氏阴性菌的抗菌活性较弱.     

赤芝子实体的化学成分研究(Ⅱ)

采用硅胶及凝胶柱色谱方法从赤芝(Ganoderma lucidum(Leyss.ex Fr.)Karst.)子实体的乙醇提取物中分离得到10个化合物,通过波谱数据及理化性质分别鉴定为赤芝萜醇A(lucidumol A,1)、麦角甾醇(ergosterol,2)、麦角甾醇棕榈酸酯(ergosteryl palmitate,3)、棕榈酸(palmitic acid,4)、β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol,5)、硬脂酸(stearic acid,6)、油酸(oleic acid,7)、α-羟基-24-烷酸(α-hydroxytetracosanoic acid,8)、2-羟基-二十四烷酸乙酯(2-hydroxytetracosanoic ethyl ester,9)以及2-羟基-二十四烷酸甲酯(2-hydroxytetracosanoic methyl ester,10)。其中,化合物9~10首次从该属植物中分离得到,4~8首次从该植物中分离得到。     

血人参石油醚部位化学成分研究

为深入探究血人参中的活性物质成分，该文采用硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱、半制备高效液相色谱以及重结晶等方法对血人参石油醚部位进行了系统分离纯化，并利用现代波谱技术对分离得到的单体化合物进行结构鉴定。结果表明：从血人参石油醚部位共分离得到22个单体化合物，分别鉴定为β-谷甾酮(1)、豆甾烷3,6-二酮(2)、6β-羟基-豆甾-4-烯-3-酮(3)、(22E)-5α,8α-epidioxyergosta-6, 22-dien-3β-ol(4)、美迪紫檀素(5)、sativan(6)、2′,4′-二羟基查尔酮(7)、6,7-dimethoxy-4-hydroxy-1-naphthoic acid(8)、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯(9)、2,4-二羟基苯甲酸乙酯(10)、(9E,11E)-13-oxo-9,11-ocatadecadienoic acid(11)、(9E,11E)-13-oxo-9,11-octadecadienoic acid methyl ester(12)、9-oxo-10E,12E-octadecadienoic acid methyl ester(13)、9-...     

柿中具有△^12熊果烯骨架的五环三萜类化合物

柿（Diospyros kaki L.f.）的果实中分离出5个化合物,通过IR、MS、^1HNMR、^13CNMR鉴定,确定为：熊果辛酯（octyl yursolate）,△^5,6－3－（2′－甲在戊酰氧在）－熊果酸环己酯〔△^5,6－3－（2′－methyl pentanoyl）-ursolic acid cyclohexy ester〕,β－香树脂醇己醚（β－amyrin hexyl ether）,△^6,7－香树素（△^6,7－amyin）和熊果甲酯（methyl ursolate）。     

长萼爵床的化学成分研究

研究厄瓜多尔药用植物长萼爵床的化学成分。采用常用色谱分离手段(硅胶柱层析、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱、ODS柱色谱及制备型高效液相色谱)对长萼爵床的95%乙醇提取物进行分离纯化,通过对光谱数据(包括IR、UV、HRESIMS和1D NMR)和理化常数的广泛分析,对化合物进行结构鉴定。实验结果显示从长萼爵床中共分离得到15个化合物,分别鉴定为羽扇豆醇(1)、α-菠甾醇(2)、corchoionoside C(3)、1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[4-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy]-1,3-propanediol(4)、4-(2,3-dihy-dro-3-hydroxymethyl-5-(3-hydroxypropyl)-7-methoxybenzofuran-2-yl)-2-methoxyphenol(5)、5-styrylfuran-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester(6)、ferulyl aldehyde(7)、亚油酸甲酯(8)、3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-ol(9)、α-亚麻酸(10)、3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-n-octadac-13-en-3,4,6,7,8,11-hexol-12-one(11)、对羟基苯甲酸(12)、2,4-二羟基苯甲酸甲酯(13)、桂皮酸(14)和3,4-二羟基苯甲酸(15)。以上化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到。经抗病毒活性筛选,以上化合物均未表现出抗RSV和HSV-1活性;抗炎活性筛选结果表明,化合物1～7、14对LPS诱导的RAW 264.7巨噬细胞NO释放有一定的抑制作用。     

彝族虫类药日本琵琶甲的化学成分研究

采用多种分离材料包括硅胶、Sephadex LH-20和RP-18从日本琵琶甲的50%乙醇提取物的正丁醇部位分离得到10个化合物,经过波谱学方法分别鉴定为Bracteanolide A(1)、3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid methyl ester(2)、Hydroxytyrosol(3)、3,4-Dihydroxy-β-methoxyphenethyl alcohol(4)、(S)-(+)-2-(3,4-Dihydroxy phenyl)-2-ethoxyl-ethanol(5)、3-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenylmethylcarbinol(6)、4-Hydroxybenzoic acid(7)、原儿茶醛(8)、Ethylβ-D-xylobioside(9)和Butylβ-D-xylobioside(10)。所有化合物均系从该种中首次分离。其中化合物1具有抑制脂多糖诱导的巨噬细胞一氧化氮产生的作用,可能为该昆虫消炎、消包块的物质基础之一。     

Inhibition of tumor growth in vitro by the extract of fagopyrum cymosum (fago-c)

Fagopyrum cymosum (Trev.) Meisn has long been used in China to treat various ailments of the lung, including lung tumors. This study investigated whether Fagopyrum cymosum extract (Fago-c) has effects on other organs. Human cancer cells derived from 10 different organs were employed, and their growths as affected by Fago-c were investigated. It was found that the growth of cancer cells from lung, liver, colon, leukocytes and bone is inhibited by Fago-c. However, cancer cells derived from prostate, cervix, ovary and brain are not sensitive to Fago-c, and the extract stimulates the growth of cancer cells from breast (MCF-7). Synergistic inhibition effect of Fago-c and daunomycin was observed in human lung cancer cells (H460). Cellular proteins from H460 cells treated with Fago-c were analyzed by 2D-gel electrophoresis. A protein (M.W./pI = 20K/5.9) was induced. The Fago-c extract was analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Four major and twenty minor components were identified. These studies indicate that the effect of Fago-c in inhibiting the growth of cell lines derived from certain organs.     

一些敏感植物对HF暴露的反应

本文旨在以金荞麦、火炭母和水杉为材料,利用开顶式熏气装置,研究敏感植物对HF暴露的生理反应。在熏气过程中,对供试植物叶片进行了气孔阻抗、蒸腾强度、电导率和叶绿素含量的测定。实验发现,火炭母的气孔阻抗高于金荞麦,而且即便是同一种火炭母,但红叶火炭母的气孔阻抗又高于绿叶火炭母。另外,不同植物对HF敏感性上的差异同样反应在电导率比值的变化趋势和数值上。敏感植物的电导率比值均较高。作者认为,确当的选择和测定有关的生理指标是大气污染生物监测的一项重要内容。     

Study on Hairy-Root Cultures of Fagopyrum cymosum

Transformed hairy root cultures of Fagopyrum cymosum (Trey.) Meisn. have been established by infecting petioles of shoots cultured in vitro with Agrobacterium rhizogenes. These hairy root cultures grew vigorously in MS hormone-free medium. They showed a 1861-fold increase in fresh weight with in 25 days, and grew faster than cell cultures of F. cymosum (only increased 26.7-fold with in the same days). The cultures were shon to synthesis dimeric procyanidin up to 4.5% (dry wt.) approximating the level of original plant. The growth rates of hairy root cultures up to 149.3 mg dry w-t/L/day in large culture vessels (3 L) and dimeric procyanidin (3.58%, dry wt.) were detected.     

金荞麦的营养成分分析及药用价值研究

本文对三种类型金荞麦籽粒的营养成分进行了分析测定 ,表明金荞麦籽粒中含有 18种氨基酸 ,具有多种重要的无机元素和维生素 ;金荞麦还具有较高的药用价值 ,是一种很有开发价值的野生植物资源     

朱红栓菌提取物抗氧化、抗肿瘤活性评价及相关化学成分分析

采用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、乙醇浸提朱红栓菌 Trametes cinnabarina 子实体干粉,得到不同极性提取物;采用清除DPPH 自由基、羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基能力,测定提取物的体外抗氧化活性;MTT法检测提取物对人肝癌细胞株HepG2细胞增殖的抑制作用。结果表明,朱红栓菌石油醚、乙酸乙酯、乙醇提取物均具有一定的抗氧化、抗肿瘤活性;各提取物在浓度为4-5mg/mL时,对DPPH自由基、羟自由基和超氧阴离子自由基清除能力大小依次为乙酸乙酯提取物>乙醇提取物>石油醚提取物;乙酸乙酯提取物对3种自由基的最高清除率分别为60.23%、74.49%、63.84%。各提取物对人肝癌细胞株HepG2细胞增殖抑制作用大小依次为乙酸乙酯提取物>乙醇提取物>石油醚提取物;乙酸乙酯提取物的抑制率最高达55.93%。采用硅胶和凝胶等柱色谱方法结合核磁、波谱和质谱等技术对乙酸乙酯提取物的化学组分进行分析,共分离纯化出11种化合物,分别鉴定为：麦角甾醇（1）,邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（2）,对羟基苯甲酸甲酯（3）,麦角甾-7,22,二烯-3-酮（4）,1-[(12E,16E)-12,16-二十碳二烯酰基]-2-[(E,E)-7,11-十八碳二烯酰基]-3-硬脂酰基甘油（5）,cinnabarin（6）,过氧麦角甾醇（7）,尿嘧啶（8）,甘露醇（9）,腺嘌呤核苷（10）,豆甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6β-三醇（11）。除化合物6外均为首次从朱红栓菌子实体中分离得到。研究结果为开发利用朱红栓菌子实体提供了科学依据。     

无梗五加根中苯丙素类化合物的研究

从无梗五加(Acanthoparax sessiliflorus( Rupr.et Maxim.)Seem.)根70％乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯层中提取分离得到8个苯丙素类化合物.经理化和波谱分析鉴定为(+)-表芝麻脂素(1)、(-)-芝麻脂素(2)、赛菊芋黄素(3)、洒维宁(4)、咖啡酸甲酯(5)、对羟基桂皮酸(6)、(-)-丁香脂素(7)、(+)-松脂索(8).化合物8是首次从五加科植物中分离得到,化合物1和5是首次从五加属植物中分离得到,化合物3、6和7是首次从该植物中分离得到.     

Species relationships in Fagopyrum revealed by PCR-based DNA fingerprinting

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to distinguish between 28 different accessions belonging to 14 species and two sub-species of Fagopyrum. Of the 75 random 10-mer primers tested, only 19 generated robust, easily interpretable amplification products. A total of 364 bands were observed with an average of 19.15 bands per primer, of which 99.45% were polymorphic. Primer OPN-08 produced the maximum number of fragments and UBC-183 produced the minimum number of fragments. The data were utilized to elucidate genetic relationships among 14 species and two sub-species of Fagopyrum. Cluster analysis using the unweighted paired group method of arithmetic means (UPGMA) showed four main clusters, two each of the cymosum and urophyllum groups. The results showed that Fagopyrum tataricum is closer to its wild ancestor F. tataricum ssp. potanini Batalin, closely followed by Fagopyrum giganteum. Cultivated common buckwheat ( Fagopyrum esculentum) showed affinity with its putative wild ancestor F. esculentum ssp. ancestrale and the other closely related diploid species Fagopyrum homotropicum. In the urophyllum group, Fagopyrum macrocarpum and Fagopyrum pleioramosum formed one cluster, whereas Fagopyrum capillatum, Fagopyrum gracilipes and Fagopyrum gilessii clustered separately. Except for a few cases, our results correspond with previously reported studies on Fagopyrum using the isozyme, RFLP and RAPD methods. Species-diagnostic amplification products specific to some species in the cymosum and urophyllum groups were identified. Our results show that RAPDs can be successfully used to analyze species relationships in Fagopyrum and also for constructing linkage maps.     

Reappraisal of the generic status of Pteroxygonum (Polygonaceae) on the basis of morphology,anatomy and nrDNA ITS sequence analysi

Gross morphology, fruit anatomy, tepal venation, pollen morphology, chromosome number and ITS sequence of Pteroxygonum Damm. & Diels as well as other related genera (Polygonum, Fallopia, Reynoutria, Fagopyrum, and Antenoron) have been investigated to evaluate the generic status of Pteroxygonum. Pt. giraldii Damm. & Diels has three sharp horns at the base of fruit, which is distinctive among all the genera investigated. Upon observation of fruits under a light microscope (LM), the exocarp of Pt. giraldii is usually thickened and delimited by the rectangular cells with some sporadic undulating lumen, while that of Fagopyrum is thin-walled and isodiametric to rectangular in the cell shape. Analysis of tepal venation was performed under a stereomicroscope, and two types of tepal venation were found in Fagopyrum and Pteroxygonum. The type I is trifid, observed in Pt. giraldii, F. esculentum Moench, F. dibotrys (D. Don) Hara and F. tataricum (L.) Gaertn. The type II, found in F. caudatum (Sam.) A. J. Li, F. urophyllum (Bur. & Franch.) H. Gross and F. gracilipes (Hemsl.) Damm. ex Diels, has the main vein extending from tepal base with some secondary veins. Evidence from tepal venation supports the previous classification in which Fagopyrum can be divided into a large-achene group and a small-achene group. Pollen morphology was investigated under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The exine ornamentation of Pt. giraldii was finely reticulate with lumina diameter wider than muri width. The exine ornamentation in all the examined Fagopyrum species is, however, prominently sunken punctuate. The phylogenetic analysis of nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) ITS sequences in Pteroxygonum and related genera indicated that all the species form a well-supported monophyletic group with two clades. One includes Polygonum sect. Avicularia Meisn., genus Fallopia and genus Reynoutria, and the other consists of other sections of Polygonum, genus Fagopyrum and Pteroxygonum. The latter clade can be divided into two subclades. Fagopyrum species compose the first one, while Pteroxygonum giraldii, species of Polygonum (except sect. Avicularia) and Antenoron form the second one. In consideration of the above evidence, we conclude that Pteroxygonum is an independent genus in tribe Persicarieae, and should not be merged into the genus Fagopyrum.     

对翼蓼(蓼科)属级位置的重新探讨

通过对翼蓼Pteroxygonum giraldii Damm. &; Diels及相关属(蓼属Polygonum、何首乌属Fallopia、虎杖属Reynoutria、荞麦属Fagopyrum和金线草属Antenoron)的形态观察、果实解剖学观察、花被片脉序观察、花粉形态、核型分析, 以及ITS序列的分析确定了翼蓼和荞麦F. esculentum Moench较远的亲缘关系。其中我们发现翼蓼果实基部有三个角状物明显不同于其他属果实的形态特征。翼蓼外果皮明显加厚, 并有零星散布的波状内腔, 而荞麦的外果皮很薄, 细胞不等径, 中果皮极厚。以上证据证明了翼蓼与荞麦属亲缘关系较远。在观察荞麦属和翼蓼的花被片脉络时发现了两种不同的脉序类型, 符合将荞麦属分为两个组的划分。翼蓼花被片脉序为三出状, 支持将翼蓼归为Persicarieae族。对翼蓼及荞麦属植物的花粉进行比较后, 发现荞麦属植物的花粉网孔有明显的内凹穿孔而翼蓼却没有, 结果表明二者亲缘关系较远。通过对nrDNA ITS区域序列分析得出翼蓼及相关属为一个单系类群, 含有两个稳定的分支: 第一个分支由蓼属(萹蓄组sect. Avicularia)、何首乌属、虎杖属的植物组成, 第二个分支由蓼属(刺蓼组sect. Echinocaulon、蓼组sect. Polygonum、分叉蓼组sect. Aconogonon、拳参组sect. Bistorta、翼蓼和荞麦属植物组成。同时第二个分支又分成了两个亚分支, 蓼属(刺蓼组、蓼组、分叉蓼组、拳参组)和翼蓼属Pteroxygonum植物属于第一个亚支而荞麦属植物属于第二个亚支。结果支持翼蓼不属于荞麦属的范畴。实验结果显示翼蓼是个单型属, 属于Persicarieae族。     

坡柳种子提取物对小菜蛾的拒食活性

测定坡柳(Dodonaea viscose (L.) Jacq.)种子石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯和乙醇提取物对小菜蛾Plutella xylostella (L.)的生物活性。结果表明:它们对小菜蛾均有较高的拒食活性,乙醇提取物的拒食活性明显高于其他提取物。4种提取物对小菜蛾的毒力顺序为:乙醇提取物>乙酸乙酯提取物>氯仿提取物>石油醚提取物。坡柳种子乙醇提取物对小菜蛾24h,48h非选择性拒食的AFC50值分别为321.19mg·L-1,650.27mg·L-1;而24h,48h选择性拒食的AFC50值分别为1 808.62和2813.34mg·L-1。