Fractal root system of Melica przewalskyi along different aspect in degraded grassland

Aims Fractal root system is phenotypic plasticity result of plant root architecture to respond to environmental heterogeneity, may reflect the growth strategy of plants to adapt to environmental conditions. Our objective was to explore the relationship between root fractal dimension and fractal abundance of fractal root system of Melica przewalskyi population in response to aspect variation in the northwest of China. Methods The study site was located in a degraded alpine grassland on the northern slope in Qilian Mountains, Gansu Province, China. Survey and sampling were carried out at 40 plots which were set up along four slope aspects transects with 20 m distance between adjacent plots. Handheld GPS was used to determine the elevation, longitude and latitude of each plot. ArcGIS was used to set up digital elevation model (DEM). Community traits were investigated and six individuals roots of M. przewalskyi were collected randomly at each plot. The samples were cleaned and divided into different organs, then scanning the root with the Win-RHIZO for measurements of fractal dimension and fractal abundance in laboratory, and their biomass were then measured after being dried at 80 °C in an oven. Important findings With the slope aspect turned from north to east, west, and south, the density, height and soil moisture content of the plant community displayed a pattern of initial decline, the height, density, root fractal abundance of M. przewalskyi increased and the root fractal dimension decreased. The root fractal dimension was negatively associated with the fractal abundance in all aspects, but the relationship varied along the slope aspects gradient; there was a highly significant negative correlation (p < 0.01) between the root fractal dimension and fractal abundance at north slope and south slope aspect, whereas the correlation only reached a significant level (p < 0.05) at the east slope aspect and west slope aspect; indicating that there is a trade-off between the root fractal dimension and fractal abundance. In addition, when the slope aspect changed from north to east, west and south, the standardized major axis (SMA) slope of the regression equation in the scaling relationships between root fractal dimension and fractal abundance increased (p < 0.05), indicating that the roots of M. przewalskyi at the droughty southern slope have less branch and more sparse in the same soil volume of root exploitation and utilization. Consequently, the resource allocation pattern on reasonable trade-off between root fractal dimension and fractal abundance in different slope aspect of M. przewalskyi, reflects the relationship between the income and the cost of construction of plant root architecture.     

人参根系发育形态学的研究

人参(Panax qinseng C. A. Meyer)属于直根系植物,有次生构造。一年生苗只具有主根和侧根。二年以上的人参常在根状茎上长出不定根,即人参根系包括主根和不定根及其各级分枝。主根初生木质部为三原型,侧根和不定根及其分枝多为二原型,偶见三原型。根系随参龄的增加而增大。每年末级分枝自基部于休眠前萎缩、脱落,并在萎缩部分的上一级支根内部产生越冬根原基,越冬根原基是翌年形成全部吸收根的基础。一年生人参由中柱鞘产生一圈初生树脂道,由形成层产生一圈(或二圈)次生树脂道,以后次生树脂道的圈数随参龄的增加而每年增加一圈,自第五年开始渐缓。根内淀粉粒含量随发育时期的变化而相应变化,其积累高峰出现在果后期。研究人参根系发育形态学不仅对全面正确认识人参根系具有理论意义,而且对改进人参栽培管理和评价人参质量具有指导意义。     

棉株根系伤流中的细胞分裂素类物质

棉株根系伤流有明显昼夜节奏,白天多,夜晚较少。白天中又以上午9～12时的伤流量为最高。伤流中CTK量及其浓度也以白天为高。在切除地上部4天以后,从蕾期和铃期棉株已不再能收集到伤流液,但盛花期棉株在切除地上部6天以后,仍产生了相当多的伤流,其中仍含有丰富的CTK类物质。盛花期棉株根系伤流量及其中CTK水平高于铃期棉株,提示铃期棉株根系活力已开始趋向衰老。根据Sephadex LH-20柱层析及高效液相层析鉴定出棉株根系伤流中的CTK类物质有Z,ZR,和IPA。     

湿地松与茶树间作根系分布状况的研究

湿地松(Pinus elliottii)是阳性乔木,茶树(Camellia sinensis)是阴性灌木。这两种树种间作,形成针阔、乔灌两层树冠结构的茶园复合生态系统,可以改善茶树生态条件,提高茶叶的产量和品质。但间作存在胁地现象。一般认为这是上层树木的过度遮荫和根系间的竞争造成的。为了解这两种树种根系的分布状况和相互关系,并为间作茶园的合理配置和加强这种茶园的耕作管理提供依据,我们进行了湿地松与茶树间作根系分布状况的研究。     

沙地草场植物根系化学元素含量的特征

 本文报道了内蒙古沙地草场不同植物根系的化学元素含量特征。结果表明：51种植物根系的N、P、K、Si、Na、Fe和灰分的平均含量分别为1.08%、0.104%、0.686%、0.811%、0.049%、0.030%和6.416%。其中相同植物根系的N、P、K、Na和灰分的含量低于其地上部分的平均含量,而Si和Fe相反,根系的平均含量高于其地上部分。     

小麦幼苗根系镉螯合素

从经Cd~(2+)处理的小麦幼苗根系中分离得到一种镉结合复合物(Cd-BC)。通过SephadexG75,DEAE-52柱层析纯化,鉴定了此复合物性质:(1)紫外吸收光谱在255～265 tim间有一个“肩”,A_(250)/A_(280)>1;(2)在Sephadex G75柱层析上的表观分子量约为10kD,但在SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳上呈现的条带紧接着前沿,分子量非常小;(3)氨基酸组分分析,约90％的氨基酸残基为Glu/Gln,Cys和Gly,三者比例约为4:4:1。结果说明小麦幼苗根系Cd-BC是寡聚肽,是植物镉螯合素(Cd-PCs)的聚合体。     

不同抗旱性冬小冬幼苗根系对小分胁迫的反应

抗旱性不同的小麦根系含水量、水势、渗透势均随水分胁迫强度增加而逐渐下降。其中以水势变化最为灵敏。恢复正常供水７２ｈ后,三项指标均有不同程度的回升,抗旱品种恢复能力强。根系渗透调节能力随胁迫强度的加剧而提高,抗旱品种渗透调节的效果好于敏感品种。随着胁迫强度的增加,根中ＡＴＰ相对含量减少,恢复正常供水７２ｈ后,含量可部分恢复,恢复能力与品种的抗旱性一致。     

缺磷或缺铁引起白羽扇豆锰中毒的机理

白羽扇豆在缺磷或缺铁条件下均有排根形成,并且根系还原力显著增加。缺磷、缺铁根系还原力在高峰期分别高于对照。缺磷与缺铁根系还原力高峰不仅出现的时期不同,而且还原力增加部位也不一样。缺磷处理的排根区具有很高的还原力,缺铁处理还原力较高的部位是在主根和侧根的根尖以及排根区。由于Ｍｎ４＋比Ｆｅ３＋更易被还原,致使根系还原力提高促使根际大量锰被还原,这是缺磷和缺铁造成白羽扇豆锰中毒的主要原因之一。     

荞麦、高粱根系分泌物对玉米根边缘细胞和根生长的影响

植物的根系分泌物是植物根系与周围环境之间的化学媒介,通过传递特定的信息,调节根际微环境,影响周围植物的生长。玉米(Zea mays L.)和荞麦(Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)是农作物间套作体系中典型的不能搭配的组合,其障碍因素尚不清楚。以玉米为受体植物,采用根悬空培养的方法,研究了荞麦、高粱(Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench)根系分泌物对玉米根边缘细胞和根生长的影响。结果发现,玉米根边缘细胞离体培养条件下,用荞麦根系分泌物中的小分子物质处理4、8 h显著诱导边缘细胞凋亡、死亡,细胞活率分别比对照降低了71.6%和72.3%;荞麦根系分泌物中的小分子物质对玉米根产生氧化胁迫,诱导根SOD、POD和CAT活性分别比对照高22.6%、33.9%和107.2%,根中超氧阴离子(O₂^-·)和脯氨酸含量分别比对照高33.9%和49.8%;荞麦根系分泌物中小分子物质的胁迫使根细胞膜透性增大,与对照相比升高80.0%,丙二醛(MDA)含量比对照升高31.5%;荞麦根系分泌物中小分子物质诱导根内源激素(IAA)含...     

河滨湿地不同植物群落根系分布特征与土壤理化性状的关系——以黄河中游荥阳段为例

在黄河中游郑州荥阳段,选择了5种河滨湿地植物群落进行根系和土壤性状特征研究,以期阐明不同植物群落的根系分布规律与土壤性状的关系,为河滨湿地植物群落组成以及土壤质量恢复提供科学参考。结果表明(1)在0—40 cm土层,根生物量密度与根长密度的平均值均表现为：芦苇群落(Phragmites australis)和芦苇-狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon)群落均大于芦苇-拂子茅(Calamagrostis epigeios)-狗牙根群落、拂子茅-狗牙根群落、拂子茅-狗牙根-水莎草(Juncellus serotinus)群落。拂子茅-狗牙根、芦苇-拂子茅-狗牙根、拂子茅-水莎草-狗牙根三种植物群落类型下根生物量密度、根长密度在0—20 cm表层土壤较大,芦苇群落和芦苇-狗牙根群落的根生物量密度、根长密度在10—40 cm的土层较大。(2)黄河河滨湿地芦苇群落、芦苇-狗牙根群落的土壤以粉粒为主,拂子茅-狗牙根群落、芦苇-拂子茅-狗牙根群落、拂子茅-狗牙根-水莎草群落的土壤主要以砂粒为主。在0—40 cm土层,芦苇群落、芦苇-狗牙根群落的土壤含水率、土壤有机质、有效氮和有效磷含量均显著高于...