建立以TK基因为标记将外源基因导入臭曲霉（Asper—gillus...

A new system for selection of transformed Aspergillus foetidus was reported. In this system, TK- A. foetidus which were constructed by homologous recombination of mutated TK gene of vaccinia virus with TK gene of A. foetidus were screened by adding BUdR in agar plates. Conditions for screen of TK+ A. foetidus strain, transformation of A. foetidus and selection of transformed TK- A. foetidus have been studied. By using this system, several transformed A. foetidus which contained HBsAg gene derived bf a promoter H8 cloned from genomic DNA of A. foetidus were isolated. It was demonstrated that HBsAg gene was integrated into the chromosome DNA of A. foetidus by Southern blot after many passages of spores. ELISA showed that HBsAg was positive in the growth medium (p/n = 20). The 22 nm particles which were very similar to the HBsAg particles in human serum were found in the growth medium by immunoelectromicroscope. Western blot also gave the specific bands. All these data showed that HBsAg gene was expressed in A. foetidus and the products were secreted into the growth medium. The selection system using TK gene as marker could generally be used to study the expression of foreign gene in A. foetidus.     

Fractal root system of Melica przewalskyi along different aspect in degraded grassland

Aims Fractal root system is phenotypic plasticity result of plant root architecture to respond to environmental heterogeneity, may reflect the growth strategy of plants to adapt to environmental conditions. Our objective was to explore the relationship between root fractal dimension and fractal abundance of fractal root system of Melica przewalskyi population in response to aspect variation in the northwest of China. Methods The study site was located in a degraded alpine grassland on the northern slope in Qilian Mountains, Gansu Province, China. Survey and sampling were carried out at 40 plots which were set up along four slope aspects transects with 20 m distance between adjacent plots. Handheld GPS was used to determine the elevation, longitude and latitude of each plot. ArcGIS was used to set up digital elevation model (DEM). Community traits were investigated and six individuals roots of M. przewalskyi were collected randomly at each plot. The samples were cleaned and divided into different organs, then scanning the root with the Win-RHIZO for measurements of fractal dimension and fractal abundance in laboratory, and their biomass were then measured after being dried at 80 °C in an oven. Important findings With the slope aspect turned from north to east, west, and south, the density, height and soil moisture content of the plant community displayed a pattern of initial decline, the height, density, root fractal abundance of M. przewalskyi increased and the root fractal dimension decreased. The root fractal dimension was negatively associated with the fractal abundance in all aspects, but the relationship varied along the slope aspects gradient; there was a highly significant negative correlation (p < 0.01) between the root fractal dimension and fractal abundance at north slope and south slope aspect, whereas the correlation only reached a significant level (p < 0.05) at the east slope aspect and west slope aspect; indicating that there is a trade-off between the root fractal dimension and fractal abundance. In addition, when the slope aspect changed from north to east, west and south, the standardized major axis (SMA) slope of the regression equation in the scaling relationships between root fractal dimension and fractal abundance increased (p < 0.05), indicating that the roots of M. przewalskyi at the droughty southern slope have less branch and more sparse in the same soil volume of root exploitation and utilization. Consequently, the resource allocation pattern on reasonable trade-off between root fractal dimension and fractal abundance in different slope aspect of M. przewalskyi, reflects the relationship between the income and the cost of construction of plant root architecture.     

囊萼花属─—中国玄参科新记录属及—新种

报道了我国玄参科的一个新记录属──囊萼花属ＣｙｒｔａｎｄｒｏｍｏｅａＺｏｌｌ，该属为印度－马来西亚分布，它经过泰国北部，缅甸与我国发生连系，到达我国云南贡山、屏边、金平。全世界有１１—１２种，我国（云南）首次记录两种，其中一种为新种。     

植物的传粉谋略

由于有花植物固着生长的习性，它们的有性生殖依赖于成功的花粉传递。花粉传递之所以重要，在于其中包裹着精子。除少数植物能进行白花授粉之外，大多数植物需要外力的帮助才能实现传粉。据估计，2／3以上的植物是靠昆虫授粉。如果缺乏传粉媒介，精子输送受阻，将导致花不能受精结实。     

百合科扭柄花属一个新的染色体基数

对中国云南西部和西北部分布的腋花扭柄花Streptopus simplex的4个居群进行了细胞学研究。生长在云南西北香格里拉县(原中甸县)碧塔海和小中甸冷杉林中的腋花扭柄花两个居群的体细胞染色体数目为2n=2x=18,而生长在高黎贡山的福贡县片马和贡山县的灌丛中的植物体细胞染色体数目则为2n=2x=14。2n=14为腋花扭柄花一个新的染色体数目,x=7为扭柄花属一个新的染色体基数。香格里拉碧塔海和小中甸两个居群的核型公式分别为2n=4m+8sm+4st和2n=8m+2sm+6st,染色体逐渐变小;贡山和福贡片马两个居群的核型公式分别为2n=14=4m+10sm和2n=14=7m+7sm,其中第一对中部着丝粒的染色体显著大于其余染色体。由于x=8是扭柄花属最常见的染色体基数,因此可认为x=8是腋花扭柄花的染色体原始基数,x=7的数目是衍生的;x=7居群染色体的一条大染色体可能是由x=8的染色体的两条st型染色体的着丝粒发生了罗伯逊易位而来。     

云南野生早花象牙参的组织培养和快速繁殖

1植物名称早花象牙参(Roscoea cautheoides). 2材料类别幼嫩的叶片. 3培养条件(1)诱导培养基:MS 6-BA 1.5 mg·L-1(单位下同) NAA 0.1 水解酪蛋白800 椰子汁50mL·L-1;(2)分化培养基:MS 6-BA 1.0 NAA 0.1;(3)增殖培养基:MS 6-BA 0.6 NAA 0.1;(4)生根培养基:1/2MS 6-BA 0.6 NAA 0.1 活性炭0.1%.上述培养基均加0.6%琼脂、3%蔗糖,pH 5.8.培养温度(20±1)℃、光照时间10 h·d-1,光照度2 000 lx.     

金线侧褶蛙和泽陆蛙的两性异形与生育力

比较金线侧褶蛙和泽陆蛙的两性异形和生育力,首次通过种间比较来验证生育力选择理论是否能解释两栖动物两性异形的进化。金线侧褶蛙和泽陆蛙均为雌体大于雄体的两性异形类型,其两性异形程度存在显著差异,金线侧褶蛙两性异形程度指数为0 .30 ,而泽陆蛙仅为0 .0 8。然而,两者的怀卵量无显著差异。因此,结果与生育力选择理论预测不一致。此种不一致性可能由下述原因导致:选择压力作用于雄体而非雌体、能量分配策略和死亡率的种间差异、以及系统发育历史的种间差异。金线侧褶蛙和泽陆蛙雄体的身体状态指数显著高于雌体。金线侧褶蛙的头,眼和四肢都显著大于泽陆蛙;两者雌体的前后肢长度显著大于雄体。两性金线侧褶蛙的前后肢随体长呈同速生长,而泽陆蛙的前后肢随体长呈异速生长     

花鲈对不同饲料原料的表观消化率

试验以Cr2 O3 为指示物 ,以 70 %基础饲料和 30 %的待测饲料原料组成试验饲料 ,测定花鲈对红鱼粉、豆粕、花生粕、菜籽粕、肉骨粉和棉籽粕中干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、能量和氨基酸的表观消化率。在水温 2 5± 1℃的试验条件下 ,花鲈对鱼粉、豆粕、花生粕的干物质表观消化率均在 6 0 %以上 ;对鱼粉、豆粕、花生粕和菜籽粕的蛋白质、脂肪的表观消化率都在 80 %以上 ;花鲈对能量的表观消化率变化范围在 16 99%— 83 96 %。测得每种原料的 16种氨基酸的表观消化率 :花鲈对原料氨基酸消化率的变化与对蛋白质消化率的变化相一致 ,除了赖氨酸、缬氨酸、蛋氨酸之外 ,花鲈对肉骨粉中氨基酸的利用率最低。花鲈对饼粕类原料中的含硫氨基酸 (如蛋氨酸 )的表观消化率低于其他氨基酸 ,对鱼粉中氨基酸利用率最低的为组氨酸 ,对肉骨粉中氨基酸利用率最低的为苏氨酸。