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排序方式: 共有425条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Cell-wall lysing enzymes and products of cell-wall digestion elicit ethylene in citrus 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Ethylene production was induced in Valencia oranges [ Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbcck] by injection of the fungal enzyme mixture Pectolyase ( Aspergillus japonicus ) which contains pectolytic enzymes into the peel. The mixture also stimulated production of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC). Cycloheximide partially inhibited the Pectolyase-induced ethylene response. Pectin fragments, resulting from partial acid hydrolysis or Pectolyase digestion, caused an increase in ethylene production when injected into the peel of intact orange fruits. Pectic fragments produced by fungal enzymes are known to be elicitors of phytoalexins and in this study are shown to elicit ethylene in citurs. 相似文献
2.
用酸浸提、酒精沉淀法,从桔皮中提取果胶,通过正交设计分析,获得最佳得率的工艺条件。即果胶浸提液的酸度为pH2,反应时间2小时。沉淀果胶的酒精浓度为50%,其得率是12.6%。 相似文献
3.
Abstract The effect of increasing concentrations of Ca2+ , Mg2+ , Cu2+ , Zn2+ , Na+ and EDTA on the pectic enzymic activities (polymethylgalacturonase, endopectinase and pectin-lyase) present in the autolytic complex from Alternaria alternata has been studied. In all cases the divalent metal ions and EDTA produced an increased inhibition correlated with increasing concentration of each ion. An opposite effect was shown by the Na+ ion, which produced an increase in pectic enzymic activities, principally at low concentrations. 相似文献
4.
贮藏温度和气体状况对苹果果胶、多聚半乳糖醛酸酶变化的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在苹果贮藏前期温度和CO_2浓度由高到低同步变动形成双维变动气调(TDCA)。 前期高温期间,果实予以高浓度CO_2处理,可抑制高温促使早熟的不利效应,其保鲜效果优于冷库,接近传统气调贮藏,表现在果肉硬度下降平缓;原果胶转化为水溶性果胶的速度减慢;多聚半乳糖醛酸酶活性显著受抑。低浓度CO_2抑制高温效应的作用大为减弱。低温下,不同浓度CO_2作用差异不大,均优于对照。 相似文献
5.
Two forms of exopolygalacturonase increase as peach fruits ripen 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Abstract. Freestone peach cultivars are distinguished from clingstone cultivars by a more extensive softening of the mesocarp tissue, and by the separation of mesocarp and endocarp during ripening. Cultivars of both types have been reported to develop exopolygalacturonase activity during ripening, but the enzyme has not been characterized in any detail. During development of freestone peaches ( Prunus persica L. var Coronet), two exopolygalacturonase enzymes were detected 42, 65 and 85 d after full bloom and in ripe fruit. During ripening one enzyme (exoPG 1) increased 36-fold and the other (exoPG 2) 90-fold but exoPG 2 accounted for a 73% of the total activity in ripe fruit. ExoPG 1 was purified 24-fold and exoPG 2 540-fold. ExoPG 2 is a slightly acidic glycoprotein. ExoPG 1 and exoPG 2 differ slightly in their pH optima and in their responses to calcium: each produces monogalacturonic acid as a reaction product. Similar enzymes were found in Flavorerest, a semi-freestone peach. 相似文献
6.
Effects of natural complex carbohydrate (citrus pectin) on murine melanoma cell properties related to galectin-3 functions 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Citrus pectin (CP) and pH-modified citrus pectin (MCP) are highly branched and non-branched complex polysaccharides, respectively, rich in galactoside residues, capable of combining with the carbohydrate-binding domain of galectin-3. We reported previously that intravenous injection of B16-F1 murine melanoma cells with CP or MCP into syngeneic mice resulted in a significant increase or decrease of lung colonization, respectively (Platt D, Raz A (1992)J Natl Cancer Inst
84:438–42). Here we studied the effects of these polysaccharides on cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions mediated by carbohydrate-recognition. MCP, but not CP, inhibited B16-F1 melanoma cells adhesion to laminin and asialofetuin-induced homotypic aggregation. Both polysaccharides inhibited anchorage-independent growth of B16-F1 cells in semisolid medium, i.e. agarose. These results indicate that carbohydrate-recognition by cell surface galectin-3 may be involved in cell-extracellular matrix interaction and play a role in anchorage-independent growth as well as thein vivo embolization of tumour cells.Abbreviations CP
natural citrus pectin
- MCP
pH-modified CP
- EHS
Englebreth-Holm Swarm
- CMF-PBS
Ca2+-and Mg2+-free phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.2
- HRP
horseradish peroxidase
- ABTS
2,2-azino-di(3-ethylbenzthiazoline sulfonic acid
- DMEM
Dulbecco's modified Eagle's minimal essential medium
- BSA
bovine serum albumin 相似文献
7.
Distribution of unesterified and esterified pectins in cell walls of pollen tubes of flowering plants 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Immunocytochemical localization of polygalacturonic acid (pectin) and methyl-esterified pectin in the walls of pollen tubes of 20 species of flowering plants grown in vitro was investigated by using monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) JIM5 and JIM7 and by means of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). In general, periodic annular deposits of pectins were found coating the tube wall in species possessing solid styles, and a more uniform pectin sheath in tube walls in species having hollow styles or no styles. We hypothesize that the periodic ring-like structure of the pectin sheath reinforces pollen tubes for passing through the transmitting tract in the style. Esterified pectin which prevents Ca2+-induced gelification of pectate is located predominantly at the apex. This implies that pectin esterification is related to tip wall loosening that is required for cell wall expansion during tip growth of pollen tubes. The occurrence of unesterified pectins in other areas of pollen tube walls suggests that de-esterification of pectin following tip expansion leads to a more rigid form of pectin that contributes to the construction of the pollen tube wall. 相似文献
8.
A. Gollotte V. Gianinazzi-Pearson M. Giovannetti C. Sbrana L. Avio S. Gianinazzi 《Planta》1993,191(1):112-122
Pisum sativum L. myc– mutants which fail to form arbuscular mycorrhiza have recently been identified amongst nod– mutants (Duc et al., 1989, Plant Sci. 60, 215–222). The reason for this resistance to symbiotic fungi has been investigated in the case of a locus a mutant (P2) inoculated with Glomus mosseae (Nicol. and Gerd.) Gerd, and Trappe. The fungal symbiont formed viable appressoria in contact with the root surface but its development was stopped at the root epidermis. Abundant material was deposited on the inner face of root cell walls adjacent to the appressoria in the P2 mutant, but not in the wild-genotype parent cultivar (Frisson) forming a symbiotic mycorrhizal infection. Fluorescence, histochemical, cytochemical and immunocytological approaches were used to characterize the paramural deposits in epidermal and hypodermal cells of the mutant. Strong fluorescence under blue light indicated the accumulation of phenolic compounds although polymers like lignin or suberin were not localized. Proteins and glycoproteins were homogeneously distributed within the paramural deposits. In the latter, the periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazide-silver proteinate (PATAg) reaction for 1,4-polysaccharide detection showed a heterogeneous composition with electron-dense points surrounded by non-reactive material, but cytological tests for cellulose and pectin gave weak responses as compared to epidermal and hypodermal walls of the wild genotype. -1,3-Glucans indicative of callose were detected by in-situ immunolocalization in the paramural deposits below appressoria on mutant roots, but not in walls of the wild genotype. Thus, appressorium formation by G. mosseae on roots of the locus a P. sativum mutant elicits wall modifications usually associated with activation of defence responses to pathogens. It is proposed that this locus must be involved in a key event in symbiotic infection processes in P. sativum, and the possible role of complex regulatory interactions between symbiosis and defence genes in endomycorrhiza development is discussed.Abbreviations DAPI
4,6-diamino-2-phenylindole
- FDA
fluo-rescein diacetate
- PATAg
periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazide-silver proteinate
The authors are grateful to C. Arnould for technical assistance, K. Niehaus for the purified Sirofluor, K. Roberts for the AFRC JIM5 antibody and J. Lherminier (INRA, Dijon, France), for useful discussion. This collaborative research programme was financially supported by MRT, INRA, EPR-Bourgogne (grant to A.G., Contrat de Plan project 3060A), EEC COST ACTION 8.10 (Endomycorrhizas) and the National Research Council of Italy, Special Project RAISA, Sub-project N.2, Paper N. 801 相似文献
9.
M. H. N. Brumano J. L. C. Coelho E. F. Araújo D. O. Silva 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》1993,9(2):225-228
Optimum activity of an extracellular pectin lyase produced by Penicillium griseoroseum in submerged culture was after 120 h using 0.1% (w/v) citrus pectin as substrate. Sucrose at 0.1% (w/v) stimulated enzyme production and citrus pectin gave the highest activity of enzyme per unit growth. 相似文献
10.
Growth experiments have indicated that the yeast Saccharomycopsis fibuliger is able to utilize pectic materials as a carbon source for cell growth. Small quantities of yeast extract or mycological peptone and maltose are necessary to initiate growth. Cell yields of 35 g/100 g pectin were obtained after modification of the pH value, the concentration of calcium ions and pectin in the growth medium. The optimum pH for cell growth was 4.8, which is similar to the reported optimum for cell growth on starch. Cell yields declined at higher concentrations of pectin, as a result of the reduced rate of oxygen absorption into the growth medium. Neither the concentration of ammonium and phosphate ions nor the type of inorganic nitrogen source significantly affected cell growth within the experimental conditions employed. 相似文献